Spec. Char., &c. Leaves broadly lanceolate, and pointed, with glandular serratures, smooth, glaucous beneath. Catkins appearing before the leaves. Ovary sessile, ovate, smooth. Style elongated. (Sal. Wob., p. 51.) A native of Switzerland and the south of France; flowering at Woburn in February. Introduced in 1820. It is a rapid-growing tree, with dark greyish branches, slightly covered with a powder, or bloom, similar to that of S. acutifòlia; the branches ascending obliquely. The tree at Woburn, though only four years planted, was, in 1830, nearly 25 ft. high. The catkins appear often in February, from large crimson buds, which distinguish this species from every other, and make it very ornamental. There are plants in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, and at Flitwick, and Henfield.

Variation. The buds containing catkins are very large in the autumn; and, in this state, it is the S. præ'cox gemmàta Ser. Sal. exsicc., No. 83. (Koch Comm., p. 23.)

9. S. POMERA'NICA Willd. The Pomeranian Willow.

Identification. Willd. Enum. Suppl., 66.; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 153.

Synonymes. S. daphnöldes Villars var., with narrower leaves, and more slender catkins. (Koch Comm., p. 23.) Mr. Borrer, in his manuscript list of grouped species, has indicated it as being probably a variety of S. daphnoides.

The Sexes. The female is described in Sal. Wob.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves lanceolate, tapering at both extremities, serrated; smooth and shining above, glaucous underneath. Stipules ovate, serrated; their margins generally revolute. Catkins about 1 in. long. Ovary ovate, smooth. Style longer than the parted stigmas. (Sal. Wob., p. 281.) A native of Pomerania. Introduced in 1822, and flowering, in the Woburn salictum, in February and March. This is a rapid-growing kind, much resembling, in the colour of its branches and its mode of growth, S. præ cox. The branches are long, smooth, round, shining, and copiously covered with small yellow dots: the preceding year's shoots are covered with a violetcoloured powder, similar to that on the shoots of S. præ'cox, and S. acutifòlia. The leaves are about 4 in. long, and nearly 1 in. broad, tapering towards both extremities, serrated; the serratures somewhat glandular, smooth, and shining on their upper surface, and glaucous underneath. Footstalks nearly 1 in. long, purplish and villous on their upper side. Catkins appearing before the leaves, and about 1 in. long. There are plants in the Goldworth Arboretum, at Woburn Abbey, Henfield, and Flitwick.

Group iii. Triándræ Borrer. (Syn. Amygdálinæ Koch.) Osier Willows, with three Stamens in a Flower.

Stamens 3. Leaves lanceolate, approaching to ovate, serrated, glabrous, having large, rounded, toothed, more or less deciduous, stipules. Flowers loosely disposed in the catkin. Pistil stalked. Ovary mostly glabrous. Most of the kinds constitute excellent osiers, and become trees if left to themselves. (Hook. Br. Fl., 2d ed., with adaptation.) The kinds may be denominated, generally, the osiers with 3 stamens in a flower. Most, or all, when in the state of larger shrubs and trees, have their older bark exfoliated in broad patches, in the manner of that of the western and eastern plane trees (Plátanus occidentalis L., and P. orientàlis L.). Most or all are ornamental as shrubs, for their lanceolate, glossy, serrated leaves, and their flowers.

10. S. UNDULA`TA Koch, Hooker. The wavy-leaved Willow. Identification. Koch Comm., p. 20.; Hook. Fl. Br., ed. 3., p. 419.; ? Hayne Abbild., p. 220. Synonymes. Koch has cited as identical with, or included in, S. undulata, the following kinds :

CHAP. CIII.

SALICA CEÆ.

SA`LIX.

S. undulata Ehrh. Beytr., 6. p. 101., according to the specific character, but without inspection of
Ehrhartian specimens, Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 655.; ? S. No. 38., Trev. Obs. Bot., p. 18.; and, as a
variety, S. lanceolata Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1436., according to an authentic English specimen.
Hooker has deemed identical with S. undulata of his Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 419., the kinds now to be
noticed:-S. lanceolata Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1436., Eng. Fl., and Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 14.
"Dr. Meyler of Göttingen has sent me specimens of the S. undulata of Ehrh., compared with
the Ehrhartian herbarium; and Mr. Borrer is satisfied that they are identical with Smith's S.
lanceolata; at least, with the Sussex specimens communicated by Mr. Woollgar to him, and
which are probably the same with the females figured in Eng. Bot. Indeed, that station (viz. near
Lewes, in Sussex,) is the only one mentioned by Sir J. E. Smith as English. Mr. Borrer has
received German specimens of S. undulata with silky germens; and these are probably the S. un-
dulata of Salict. Wob., which differs only in that respect, and in its more wavy leaves, from
our present plant. (Brit. Fl., ed. 3., p. 419.)

The Sexes. The female is figured in Sal. Wob, Nos. 13. and 14., and in Eng. Bot., t. 1436.; and
Koch noted that he had seen the female wild and cultivated, but that he
is described in Eng. Fl.
had no knowledge of the male.

Engravings. Sal. Wob., Nos. 13. and 14.; Eng. Bot., t. 1436. ; ? Hayne Abbild., t. 160.; our fig. 1296.;
and figs. 13 and 14. in p. 1605.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate through much of their length, serrulate at the tip, and minutely crenulate at the base; at first pubescent, but becoming glabrous; wavy at the edge, or not. Stipules half-heartshaped. Catkin peduncled upon a leafy twiglet. Bractea bearded at the tip. Stamens 3. Capsule ovateconical, more or less pubescent, or glabrous, stalked; the stalk twice the length of the gland. Style elongated. Stigmas bifid. (Koch.) It inhabits the banks of streams,

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in the plains and lower valleys in the north of Germany, and in England.
(Id.)

Varieties.

1 S. u. 2; S. undulata Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 13.- Mr. Forbes
has given the following specific character, or diagnosis, of this kind,
he treating it as a species; and, as this character may serve to por-
tray its main features, we retain it in application to it, viewed as a
variety. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat attenuated
towards the base; wavy, and sharply serrated at their margins.
It is an
Ovary sessile, ovate, scarcely downy. Style about half the length
of the linear parted stigmas. (Sal. Wob., p. 25.) Cultivated in the
Dublin Botanic Garden, and flowering in April and May.
upright-growing plant, soon forming a bushy tree, about 10 ft. or
12 ft. high, with brown, smooth, round branches, slightly downy
"This is a species
when young, and somewhat angular at the points. Catkins about
1 in. in length, bursting forth with the leaves.
very distinct from the above, which is considered to be the S. undu-
làta of Ehrhart; from which it is readily distinguished by long,
taper-pointed, wavy leaves. I conceive it to be a foreign kind.
I have not observed it in any collection but that contained in the
Dublin Botanic Garden, from which I derived it." (Forbes in Sal.
Wob.) In relation to this kind, Mr. Borrer has remarked in his
list, that, "if S. undulàta Forbes, and S. lanceolata Smith and Forbes,
the S. undulata Hooker, are to be regarded as two species, the former
agrees best with Ehrhart's character of his S. undulata." There
are plants in the Hackney and Goldworth arboretums, and at Wo-
burn Abbey, Henfield, and Flitwick House.

I S. u. 3; S. lanceolata Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1436., Eng. Fl., iv.
p. 168., Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 14.-The following is Smith's
diagnosis of this kind:-Leaves lanceolate, serrated, glabrous, taper-
ing towards each end. Footstalks decurrent. Ovary stalked, ovate,
"Akin to
glabrous. Styles as long as the stigmas. (Smith Eng. Fl.) Smith
has farther noted of its distinctive characters as follows:-
S. triándra Lin. and S. Hoffmanniana Smith. An essential means of
distinction exists in the leaves, which are longer and narrower than
those of S. triándra, or any of its reputed varieties; more pointed
and tapering; not linear, but truly lanceolate. Footstalks bearing

at the summit a pair of glands, or minute leaflets; not abrupt at the base, but decurrent, each meeting with a projection of the branch, tapering downward, and forming a kind of buttress; which character is clear and invariable." (Ibid.) There is a plant of S. lanceolata in the Botanic Garden, Twickenham; and there are also plants in the Hackney and Goldworth arboretums, and at Henfield and Flitwick House. Mr. Forbes observes that this sort deserves cultivation, as the rods are much used for hampers, crates, &c. although not so well adapted for tying bundles, and for the finer sorts of wicker work, as the S. triandra.

S. u. 4, having the catkins androgynous. S. undulàta occurs in this case. (Koch Comm., p. 20.)

11. S. HIPPOPHAEFO`LIA Thuillier. The Sea-Buckthorn-leaved Willow, or Osier.

Identification. Thuil Paris., p. 514.; Sering. Sal. exsicc., No. 44.; Koch Comm., p. 20. ; Link Enum.

Synonyme. S. undulata Treviranus Obs. Bot., p. 17., Koch in Regensb. Bot. Zeitung, 1820, p. 311. S. hippophaefolia Thuil. is so similar to S. undulata, as to be, perhaps, but a variety of that species. (Borrer in a letter.)

The Sexes. Both are noticed in the specific character.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaf lanceolate, obsoletely crenulate in a repand manner; toothed with glanded teeth, so small as to seem to consist of glands only; acuminate through much of its length, downy, eventually glabrous. Stipules half-heart-shaped. Catkin borne on a leafy peduncle, which is a twiglet. Bractea hairy. Stamens 2. Capsule ovately conical, tomentose, downy, or glabrous; seated on a stalk that is as long as the gland. Style long. Stigma bifid. (Koch.) Wild in the plains and lower valleys of the Palatinate, Wetteravia, Silesia, and the north of Germany. Treviranus thinks that this is the true S. undulata of Ehrhart; "but I," says Koch, “have not been able to find any of its leaves undulated, among many specimens observed growing wild; but, perhaps, Ehrhart included this in his S. undulata, to which it is too near akin to be a species distinct from that." (Id.)

12. S. TRIA'NDRA L. The 3-stamened-flowered Willow, or Osier. Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1442.; Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 654., Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1435.; Eng. Fl. 4. p. 166.; Forbes in Sal Wob., No. 15.; Hook. Fl. Br., ed. 3., p. 419.; Wade's Salices, p. 6. ; Mackay Fl. Hibern., pt. 1. p. 245.; ? Hayne Abbild., p. 219.

Synonyme. S. amygdalina, part of, Koch Comm., p. 19.

The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob.

Engravings. Gmel. Sib., 1. 155. t. 34. f. 3.;? Hayne Abbild., t. 159.; Eng. Bot., t. 1435.; Sal. Wob., No. 15.; our fig. 1297.; and fig. 15. in p. 1605.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves linear-oblong, serrated, glabrous, rather unequally sloping at the base. Stamens 3. Ovary stalked, ovate, compressed, glabrous. Stigmas nearly sessile. (Smith E. Fl.) Bractea (or scale) clothed externally with fine, long, spreading, more or less plentiful hairs. (Ibid.) Bractea glabrous. (Hook. Br. Fl., 3d ed.) Mr. Woollgar used to distinguish this species by the dark-barked smooth shoots of the female plant. The male one he never met with at Lewes. (Ibid.) A native of Britain, in wet woods and osier grounds, where it forms an upright tree, rising naturally, when not injured, to the height of 30 ft. Leaves always perfectly glabrous. This species is extensively cultivated for the long tough rods which it produces when cut down, which are in frequent use for wickerwork, hoops, &c. "S. triándra is one of the most valuable osiers. It is cultivated for white basketwork, producing rods 8 ft. or 9 ft. long, tough and pliant, even when stripped of their bark, and very durable. They are cut down every year." (Smith in Eng. Fl.) There are plants in the Goldworth arboretum, at Flitwick House, at Henfield, and at Woburn Abbey. Varieties. Several varieties, if not distinct species, are comprehended under the name of S. triándra. "Of these, I venture to separate one as a species,

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by the name of S. Hoffmanniana." (Ibid.) Mr. Forbes, after describing the kind that he has adopted as S. triándra, adds, "I have another state of this, with much larger and broader leaves."

S.?t. 2. The French Willow, so called, and cultivated, in Sussex, and the east parts of England. (Ibid.)- Description. "12 ft. to 15 ft. high. Disks of leaves of but half the size of those of the S. triándra described by Smith, of a fine bright green. Petioles more slender. Stipules larger. Catkins large and yellow. Stamens 3 or more, thrice as long as the bractea. I have not seen the female flowers, nor am I informed of the peculiar properties of this kind. Mr. Crowe used to name it S. contórta, and esteem it a doubtful species, and not supposed to be wild in Britain." (Ibid.) Synon. S. triándra Curt. Fl. Lond. (Borrer in a letter.) About Lewes, Sussex, it is confined to the osier-grounds. (Borrer in Hook. Br. Fl., 2d ed.) This is apparently the S. Hoppeana Willd., differing only, according to my specimens from Salzburg, in the notched or retuse bracteas. (Hooker, ibid.) Smith has quoted the S. triandra

Curt. Fl. Lond. as identical with S. Hoffmanniana Smith; but has remarked that it may possibly prove distinct, and that it doubtless is so from the S. triándra, which he has described. There are plants at Henfield.

S.?t. 3 Hoppeàna; S. andrógyna Hoppe, quoted in Willd. Sp. Pl., iv. p. 654., under S. Hoppeàna Willd.; S. Hoppedna Willd. Sp. Pl., iv. p. 654., Smith in Rees's Cyclo., No. 2., Hayne Abbild., p. 218. t. 158.; S. triándra andrógyna Seringe, quoted in Hayne Abbild.; S. amygdalina, part of, Koch Comm., p. 18.-Smith, in his Eng. Fl., iv. p. 167., has incidentally described this, after S. triándra, as follows:-" S. Hoppeàna Willd. is characterised by having some catkins composed partly of male and partly of female flowers. Its leaves, though very glaucous beneath, agree nearly with those of S. triandra, of which species Mr. Sieber, who sent me specimens from Salzburg, appears to think it a variety." (Smith.) It is shown, under var. 2, that Hooker deems S. Hoppeàna apparently identical with that variety. Introduced in 1820.

I S.? t. 4; S. triándra undùlata Mertens, ined. — This is an approach to S. amygdalina; the twigs are of a yellowish grey as in that kind, and their young points grooved, but in a less remarkable degree. Mr. Forster regards this, and not the French willow of the Lewes basket-makers, as the S. contórta of Mr. Crowe. I have plants of both sexes from the Lewes osier grounds. (W. B.)

13. S. HOFFMANNIA NA Smith. Hoffmann's Willow, or Osier.

Identification. Smith Eng. Fl., 4. p. 168.; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 16.; Borrer in Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2620.; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 420.

Synonyme. S. triándra Hoffm. Sal., 1. p. 45. t. 9, 10., 23. f. 2. (Smith)? exclusively of vars. (Borrer in Hook. Br. Fl.) S. Hoffmanniana Sm. seems to be the S. triándra of German botanists in general. (Smith in Eng. Fl., 2. p. 167.)

The Sexes. The male is figured in Eng. Bot. Suppl., and in Sal Wob. ; a notice relative to what has been regarded as the female is given in Engl. Flora.

Engravings. Hoff. Sal., 1. t. 9, 10., and 23. f. 2.; Sal. Wob., No. 16.; Eng. Bot. Suppl., t. 2620.; and fig. 16. in p. 1606.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, smooth, slightly rounded at the base. Stamens 3. Ovary stalked, ovate, compressed, glabrous. Stigmas nearly sessile. (Smith E. F.) The male plant is a native of Britain, on the sides of streams, in Sussex, where it forms a muchbranched shrub, or crooked tree, scarcely ever exceeding 12 ft. high; flowering in May. Mr. Forbes states that his plant, after having been cultivated for five years, had not exceeded the height of 5 ft. There are plants in the Goldworth Arboretum, and at Henfield.

14. S. AMYGDAʼLINA L., The Almond-leaved Willow, or Osier.

Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1443.; Willd. Sp. Pl., p. 656.; Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1636.; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 169.; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 18.; Hook Br. Fl., ed. 3., p. 420.; Wade's Salices, p. 14. ; Mackay Fl. Hibern., pt. 1. p. 245.

Synonyme. S. amygdalina, part of, Koch Comm., p. 18.

The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Eng. Bot. and Sal. Wob.

Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1636.; Sal. Wob., No. 18.; our fig. 1298.; and fig. 18. in p. 1606.

Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate, serrated, glabrous, rounded, and unequal at the base. Stamens 3. Ovary ovate, compressed, smooth; its stalks almost as long as the bractea. Stigmas nearly sessile. Young branches furrowed. Down of the seeds shorter, and less abundant, than in S. triándra. Mr. Crowe first accurately compared and distinguished these two by their leaves. (Smith E. F.) A native of Britain, on the banks of rivers and ditches, in the eastern counties of England, and in Scotland, where it forms a tree growing to the height of 20 ft. or 30 ft.; flowering in April and May, and, for the second time, in August." If cut down every year, it produces rods 6 ft. or 8 ft. long, in considerable plenty, for coarse basketwork, but not equal to S. triándra when peeled." (Smith.) Among the insects which live upon this species is the Phala na anastomosis L., the