Buds often without spines. Calyx 2-3-lobed. Corolla with a purple limb, and yellowish base. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry ovate, yellow. Stamens bearded near the base. There is a variety of this, having livid or pale corollas, and reddish yellow berries. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 458.) A climbing shrub, a native of the north of Asia, Africa, and south of Europe; where it flowers from May till August. It was introduced in 1696; and what has been said respecting L. europæ'um is equally applicable to this sort, which, we think, may, without any hesitation, be pronounced only a variety of it. 3. L. (E.) CHINE'NSE Mill. The Chinese Box Thorn. Identification. Mill. Dict., No. 5.; Bunge in Mem. Acad. Petersb., 2. p. 123.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458. Synonymes. L. bárbarum 8 chínénse Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 257.; L. bárbarum Lour. Cock., 1. p. 165. ?; L. ovàtum N. Du Ham., 1. p. 107. Engravings. Lam. Ill., t. 112. f. 2.; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 8.; and our fig. 1110. from the N. Du Ham., and fig. 1111. from, we think, a specimen in the Horticultural Society's Garden. Spec. Char., &c. Branches pendulous, prostrate, striated. Buds spinescent. Leaves by threes, ovate, acute, attenuated at the base. Peduncles much longer than the calyx, which is entire. Stamens exserted. Said by Bunge to be nearly allied to L. ruthénicum; but differs in the leaves being broadovate. Corollas purple. Berries orange-coloured. Shoots very long (ex Mill.). We know not whether the plants described by Miller and by Bunge are the same: the plant here meant is that of Bunge. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 458.) A climbing shrub, a native of China, about Pekin and Canton; and of CochinChina; where it flowers from May till August. It is uncertain when it was introduced; but there are plants in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges; and the chief difference between it and L. europæ`um is, that it is a smaller, weaker plant. 4. L. (E.) TREWIA'NUM G. Don. Trew's Box Thorn. Identification. Don's Mill., 4. p. 458.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. 1111 Synonyme. L. bárbarum Lam. Dict., 3. p. 509., ex Poir. Suppl., 3. p. 427., Trew Ehret., t. 68., exclusive of the synonymes'; L. chinense N. Du Ham., 1. p. 116., Pers. Ench., 1. p. 231. No. 9. Engraving. N. Du Ham., t. 30. Spec. Char., &c. Branches diffuse, angular. Buds spinose. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, acute. Peduncles 1-flowered, solitary, or twin, extra-axillary. Calyx 2-3-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted. This species differs from L. chinénse Mill. in the spines, and from L. bárbarum in the leaves. Branches rufescent. Spines few. Corolla fine purple, with a white star in the centre. Filaments pilose at the base. Berry ovate. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 458.) A shrub, a native of China, where it grows 6 ft. high, flowering from May till August. It was introduced in 1818; and, judging from the plants in the Hackney arboretum, is scarcely, if at all, different from L. europæ'um. 5. L. (E.) RUTHENICUM Murr. The Russian Box Thorn. Identification. Murr. Comm. Goett., 1779, p. 2. t. 2. ; Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc., 1. p. 166. ; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. L. tatáricum Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. p. 78. t. 49.; Lycien de la Russie, Fr. Variety. L. r. 2 cáspicum Pall. Fl. Ross., t. 49. f. A.- 1112 6. L. (E.) LANCEOLA TUM Poir. The lanceolate-leaved Box Thorn. Identification. Poir. Suppl., 3. p. 429.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458. Synonyme. L. europæ'um 8 Dec. Fl. Fr., No. 2699., Pers. Ench., 1. p. 231. No. 8., N. Du Ham., 1. p. 123. t. 32., Loud. Hort. Brit., ed. 1829. Engraving. N. Du Ham., t. 32. Spec. Char., &c. Branches dependent, reflexed. Buds spinescent. Leaves lanceolate, nearly sessile, acute at both ends. Flowers solitary, extra-axillary, pedicellate. Corolla funnel-shaped. Sta mens exserted. Calyx unequally 5-toothed. Corolla purple, with a white bottom. Berry oblong, red. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 458.) A climbing shrub, a native of the south of Europe, particularly of Naples, Greece, &c.; where it flowers from May till August. When it was introduced is uncertain, and we have never seen the plant. 7. L. (? E.) TURBINA'TUM Du Ham. The turbinate-fruited Box Thorn. Identification. N. Du Ham., 1. p. 119. t. 31.; Pers. Ench., 1. p. 231., exclusive of the synonyme of Lam., No. 3.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458. Synonymes. L. halimifolium Mill. Dict., No. 6. ?; L. bárbarum 3 Dec. Fl. Fr, No. 2700. Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 31.; and our fig. 1113. Spec. Char., &c. Stems erect, fascicled. Branchlets dependent, terete. Buds spiny. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminated. Flowers aggregate, pe. dicellate, extra-axillary. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted. Calyx trifid. Berry red, and turbinate. Corolla violaceous, with a white bottom. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 458.) It is a climbing shrub, a native of China, where it flowers from May till August. It was introduced in 1709; but we have not seen the plant. Though we consider many of the sorts of this genus, which are described as species, as only different varieties, it does not follow from that circumstance that each sort may not be tolerably distinct. Wherever plants are raised in great numbers from seed, it is easy to pick out from among the seedlings many different varieties, which, if propagated by extension, will remain distinct till the end of time. We must confess, however, that we know of very few genera of ligneous plants, indeed, where so many of the different alleged species so very closely resemble each other, as in Lycium. We have no doubt that by taking a dozen plants of any one of the kinds, from numbers 1 to 9 inclusive, and placing them in a dozen different climates, soils, and situations, we should have a dozen sorts, as well entitled to be considered as species, as most of those which are here described as such. 8. L. (?E.) TETRA'NDRUM Thunb. The tetrandrous-flowered Box Thorn. Identification. Thunb. Prod., p. 37.; Lin, Suppl., 150.; Thunb. in Lin. Trans., 9. p. 154. t. 15.; Don's Miil., 4. p. 460: Engraving. Lin. Trans., 9. t. 15. Spec. Char., &c. Spiny, erect. Branches angular, straight. Leaves fascicled, ovate, obtuse. Flowers nearly sessile. Corollas quadrifid, tetrandrous. Stem twisted, glabrous, angular, grey, stiff. Branches horizontal, spiny. Leaves a line long. Flowers solitary, rising from the fascicles of leaves on short pedicels. Very like L. àfrum, but is distinguished from that species in the leaves being more fleshy, and in the flowers being tetramerous and tetrandrous. It is also, perhaps, the L. capénse of Mill. Dict., No. 7., of which the following description is given:-"Leaves oblongovate, thickish, crowded. Spines strong, leafy. Leaves scattered, solitary, or fascicled, thick, pale green, permanent." (Don's Mill., iv. p. 460.) A shrub, a native of the Cape of Good Hope, about Cape Town; where it grows to the height of 6 ft. or 7 ft., flowering in June and July. It was introduced in 1810; but we have not seen the plant. 9. L. (? E.) SHA'WI Rom. Shaw's Box Thorn. Identification. Rom. et Schultes Syst., 4. p. 693.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 458. Synonyme. L. europæum Mill. Dict., No. 4., Shaw Afr., p. 349. f. 349. Spec. Char., &c. Branches dependent, rather tomentose at the apex. Buds spinescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, thickish. Branches scattered. Prickles strong. Leaves short, thick, scattered. Flowers lateral, small, white. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 458.) A shrub, a native of Barbary, where it grows 7 ft. or 8 ft. high; flowering in June and July. It was introduced in 1700. 10. L. A FRUM L. The African Box Thorn. Identification. Lin. Sp., 277.; Don's Mill., 4. p. 459. Engravings. Mill. Icon., t. 171. f. 1.; Swt. Fl. Gard., 2d ser. t. 324.; Bot. Reg., t. 354.; Lam. Ill., 112. f. L.; N. Du Ham., 1. p. 107-110.; Trew Ehret, 4. t. 24. f. 2.; Plenck Icon., t. 127.; Mich. Gen., p. 224. t. 105. f. 2.; Nis. Act. Par., 1711., p. 420. t. 12.; and our figs. 1114. and 1115. Spec. Char., &c. Erect, spiny. Leaves fascicled, linear, canescent, attenuated at the base, obtuse, fleshy. Flowers almost axillary, solitary, drooping. Corola tubular, 3 times longer than the calyx. Stamens enclosed. Bark grey-coloured; the smaller branches frequently spiny. Leaves 1114 glaucous. Filaments bearded near the base, as in all the true species. Stigma slightly 2-lobed. Corolla violaceous rich purple above. Berry globose, violaceous. Calyx 5-toothed. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 459.) It is a shrub, a native of some parts of Spain, the north of Africa, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and Arabia Felix; where it grows to the height of from 6 ft. to 10 ft., flowering in May and June. It was introduced in 1712, and is very commonly kept in the green-house; but a plant in the Chelsea Botanic Garden has stood out against a wall since 1825, where it has attained the height of 12 ft., and flowers profusely every year. 1115 It is readily distinguished from all the other sorts by its dark blue or black fruit. Belon, in speaking of the plain of Jericho, and of the banks of the river Jordan, says, the bushes which bear the lycion grow in this plain; and we find in the Bible (Genesis, chap. 1. v. 10, 11.), that the Children of Israel, in their journey from the land of Goshen to Canaan, came to the threshing-floor of Atadad; that is, in Hebrew, lycium; the plant being cultivated there for its berries, which were used in medicine as a purgative, known to the ancients by the name of lucion, and the mode of preparing which is indicated by Dioscorides. It is, however, doubtful, whether the berries of Rhámnus saxátilis, which are known to be cathartic, are not confounded with those of the Lycium in this passage. Lýcium àfrum is one of the most ornamental species of the genus; and, though rather tender, it well deserves a place in every collection, against a wall. Plants, in the London nurseries, 2s. 6d. each. L. ovatum Hort. There are plants bearing this name in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and at Messrs. Loddiges's. L. spathulatum Hort. There is a plant bearing this name in the Horticultural Society's Garden against the wall. GENUS III. GRABOWSKIA Schlecht. THE GRABOWSKIA. Lin. Syst. Pentándria Monogynia. Identification. Schlecht. in Linnæa, 7. p. 72.; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. Synonymes. Lycium sp. Lin.; Ehretia sp. L'Hérit.; Crabowskia Don's Mill., 4. p. 480. Description, &c. A shrub, with the habit of the genuine species of Lycium, much branched, furnished with axillary spines. Leaves scattered, quite entire. Flowers from fascicles of leaves, or the revolute branchlets; or subcorymbose from the tops of the branchlets: hence, they appear as if they were panicled at the tops of the branches. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 480.) 1. G. BOERHAAVIEFO`LIA Schlecht. The Boerhaavia-leaved Grabowskia. Identification. Schlecht. in Linnæa, 7. p. 72.; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. Synonymes. Lycium boerhaaviafolium Lin. Suppl., p. 150., N. Du Ham., 1. p. 128., Lam. Dict., 3. p. 510.; Ehrètia halimifolia L'Hérit. Stirp., 1. p. 45. t. 83.; Lycium heterophyllum Murr. Comm. Gött., 1785, p. 6. t. 21.; Jasminöldes spinosum Du Ham. Arb., 1. p. 306. No. 5.; Crabówskia boerhaaviefolium Don's Mill., 4. p. 480.; Lycium paniculé, Fr. Engravings. L'Hérit. Stirp., 1. t. 83.; Bot. Reg., t. 1985.; and our fig. 1116. 1116 Spec. Char., &c. Leaves coriaceous, glaucescent, with a saltish, bitterish taste. Corolla white, having the throat veined with green. Stamens white. Stigma green. Nuts the form of those of Coffea arábica, convex on one side, marked by a slender furrow in the middle, obtuse at top, and perforated by two roundish holes at the base: hence it is tridentate, the first tooth from the middle of the back, the other two from the sides: sometimes, but only by abortion, 1-celled. Albumen copious, fleshy. (Don's Mill., iv. p. 480.) A shrub, a native of the south of Brazil, in woods, where it has been collected by Sello; but which was introduced from Peru by Joseph Jussieu into France, whence it was sent to this country in 1780. It grows to the height of 6 ft., and flowers in April and May. There are fine specimens of it in the Horticultural Society's Garden, against a wall; and in the Epsom Nursery, as a bush in the open garden; from which it appears to be as hardy as Lycium europæ'um. The whole plant has a mealy white appearance; by which, and by the singular form of its leaves, it may be known at first sight from any species of Lycium. Though it has been introduced into British gardens so many years since, and was known in France in the time of Du Hamel, it is rarely met with in collections; and, though so easily propagated by suckers, it is not to be found for sale in the nurseries. App. I. Half-hardy ligneous Plants belonging to the Order Solanaceae. Nicotiana glauca Grah., Bot. Mag., t. 287.; and our fig. 1118.; is a splendid suffru ticose plant, which will grow to 10 ft. or 12 ft., or probably to 20 ft. or upwards, against a wall, making a fine appearance in the summer season, with its large glaucous leaves, and yellowish green flowers. A plant in the Horticultural Society's Garden has stood out since 1832; and, though its stems are occasionally cut down by the frost, yet the stool always pushes out vigorously in the spring. A plant of this species in the Chelsea Botanic Garden attained the height of 14 ft., in 1835, in the open border. Brugmansia sanguinea Ruiz et Pav.; B. bicolor Pers., Swt. Fl. Gard., 2d ser., t. 272.; and our fig. 1117.; has an arboreous stem, which rises to the height of from 10 ft. to 20 ft. The flowers are produced from the forks of the branches. Corolla funnel-shaped, 7 in. long, green towards the base, orange yellow farther along its length. The limb 5-lobed, of a deep orange scarlet; this colour, lessened in intensity, seems to extend down the tube, until it blends with the orange |