(From a mezzotint in the New York Public Library, Emmet Collection. painting by Copley; published, London, 1794) Made from a GENERAL MAP OF THE NEW YORK CAMPAIGN OF 1776 Currency Issued by New York in 1776 I 7 7 6 George, the Grand Battery, and the water batteries at every landing on the lower end of Manhattan Island, there was a chain of redoubts just north of the city, about on the line of the Grand street of today. At the northern end of the island, the hills overlooking Kingsbridge were fortified; and works were erected on Long Island. To defend these widely separated fortifiWashington's cations, Washington had, on the twenty Army of April. Lee's plans for the defense of the city were enlarged. Governor's Island was garrisoned; Paulus Hook on the Jersey shore and Red Hook on Long Island were fortified; and hulks were sunk in the channel between Governor's Island and the lower end of the city. Fort Lee was built at the Palisades and Fort Washington on the eastern side of the river at what is now One Hundred and Eighty-third street, and the intervening channel was obstructed. Besides Fort Dr is EXCELLENCY GEOF GE WALLINTON, Efquire, General, and Commander in Ch of the Amy of the United States of NortAmerica. HEREAS a Barbardi cat and Attack WHE upon the City of New-York, by of cruel, and inv.terate Fnemy, may b. hourly expected: And as there are get Numbers of Women, Children, and inaen l'erfor, vet remaining in the City, whofe Continuance will r.the. be prejudicial than advantagonist remmy, and the Perfons e pofed to gat mg, and Hed: I Do therefore recoramore to ad fuch Perfons, as they vele their own fity and Prefervation, to remove with spuition, out of the Town, at this critical endd-trufing, the ith the Hofe of Peaven, ou the American Ara they may foun return it in perfe& Security. And I do enjoin and agaie, all the (ficers and Solders in termy, under my Command, to forward and at fich Ledog, in their Compli ance with this Accomagade-ion. C.VN under my he, at HeadQuarters, New-Yak, GEORGE IVASHINGTON. 1 Washington's Proclamation to the People of New York seventh of August, about twenty-eight thousand five 1 7 7 6 hundred men, of whom eight or nine thousand were not available for duty. Twenty-five out of seventy-one regiments or parts of regiments were "continentals;" their men were enlisted under the regulations of congress and their officers were commissioned by that body and not by the states; they were the "regulars" of the Revolution. The other troops were militia, generally ill clad and poorly armed, good raw material but undisciplined. The artillery was mostly old and of varying calibre and pattern. Long Island Earlier in the month, Heath, Spen- August 9 cer, Sullivan, and Greene had been made major-generals. On the morning of the twenty-second of August, Howe's General Howe transferred fifteen thousand British and Army on Hessian troops and forty field-pieces from Staten Island to Long Island. To oppose this force, the Americans had on the island not more than eight thousand men most of whom were raw militia, an inadequate supply of artillery, no cavalry, and no naval support. Cornwallis drove back the Pennsylvania riflemen who had been patrolling the coast since May and advanced as far as Flatbush. On the twenty-fourth, Washington wrote to Governor Trumbull of Connecticut asking if it would be "practicable for |