APPENDIX. Dr. S's MSS. refpecting Airica. Proofs of Dr. S's ability, and zeal. Obfervations on the ther. mometer. Journals and other MSS. left by the late Dr. H. Smeathman. (See § 331, note.*) 1029. When the concluding fheet of this work was about to be printed off, Mr. Heathcote, a gentleman particularly acquainted with the late Dr. Smeathman, was fo kind as to fend the author a box containing a great number of the MSS. of that indefatigable and philofophical traveller.-Mr. Heathcote's friendfhip to the Doctor originated in an enlightened zeal for the best interests of mankind; and a peculiar defire to contribute to the civilization of Africa, has now induced this gentleman, to entruft the author with the papers of his deceased friend. But unfortunately they have come too late to be rendered of any material ufe to the prefent publication. A cur fory view of these curious MSS. however, fufficiently fhews, that many of them deserve to be published, on account of their intrinfick value. 1030. It is certan that fo many fpeaking proofs of ability and indefatigable diligence, in the cause of humanity and useful knowledge, are not always to be met with among the pofthumous papers of men, whofe fame has yet been found a very profitable theme for fafhionable panegyric. But the very misfortunes of poor Dr. S. and the uncomfortable circumftances in which he often purfued his researches, will enhance the value of his performances in the eyes of every friend to real merit. 1031. In order to gratify fome readers, the following obfervations on the Thermometer are inferted. They are extracted from one of the Doctor's Journals, kept at the Island of Bananas, where they were regularly taken down from the 19th of December 1772, till the 16th of January 1773. Aninteresting ing colonization. There are feveral fimilar obfervations to be met with in different parts of his journals, but not having been made in a regular feries of time, they cannot be arranged. 1032. Among the MSS. of Dr. S. is one confifting of 86 pages large quarto, apMISS. relpect-parently drawn up with much judgement and experience, and which seems to be ready for the prefs. It is entitled, "A Plan for a new and beneficial Syftem of Commerce and Colonization, which may be established at a fmall Expence, on the Grain Coast of Africa, in a feries of Letters to a friend, by H. S." 1033. There are also many detached MSS. refpecting the prefervation of health, and the removal of inconveniences attending warm climates, and various large and interefting journals, fragments of observations, &c. 1034. In short the ardour of Dr. S. in useful researches is abundantly verified by APPENDIX. thefe valuable papers; and it would be a breach of candour and charity to doubt that his purfuits were directed, not by the fordid and mercantile spirit of the prefent Anecdote respecting Dr. age, but by the philanthropic fentiment, thus expreffed in one of his MSS. "If every 5's character. man knew that his happiness depended on making others happy, all mankind would be fo." The Author here fubjoins the Print of the Medal he promised. (§ 331 note). 1035. Capt. I. Kendrick, of the Columbia, the first American veffel that vifited the NW. coaft of N. America, purchased from the Natives a beautiful and fertile traft 240 miles fquare. Firft vessel for difcovery fitted out from N. America. 1036. It may perhaps not be improper to hint, that the easy conditions on which this valuable tract of land might be obtained, independent of all claims of jurifdiction from any nation whatever, ought to have its due weight with all thofe purchafe a fine who may be inclined to form themselves into colonial affociations, for exem- tract of land plifying and extending any enterprize that may be beneficial to mankind, beyond the reach of mercantile influence, either according to the plan hinted at, 604, 606, or any other that may be fuggefted. 1037. The author must not omit to obferve, that the above interefting piece of information has been kindly communicated to him by the gentlemen, fuperintend ing the office for difpofing of American lands, No. 24, Threadneedle flreet. 1038. Mr. A. Dalrymple's plan, and the plans pursued by the gentlemen concerned in the African civilization, tend to improve uncivilized nations; but to improve ourselves in a form of affociation in fome fequeftered part of the world, and thereby to arrive at the fame end, appears to be of much greater importance. fit for coloniz ation. Confifling of ten Chapters, nine of which treat on the Formation of Colonies, on PRIN- Introduction. R. Sparrman, Capt. Arrhenius, and the Author, make a Voyage to Afr.-Dr. S. and the Author examined by the British Privy Council.-Profeffor Zimmerman's opinion of Afr. Obftructions to Colonization, particularly in Africa. Plans of first European colonists ill digested, § 1.—Afr. neglected, and why, § 2, 3.-Slave- trade, §4.-W. Indies derive importance from Africa, § 5.-Oppofition of Merchants and Character and Difpofition of the Africans. Governments, &c. form national characters, § 11.-Afr. character mifreprefented, § 12.- Civilized nations governed by reafon; uncivilized, by the paffions, § 14.-The real character of the Africans sketched, § 15, et feq.-Corrupted by Europeans, § 19.-Inftance in a chief, $21.-Proofs of their industry and intelligence, § 23, et seq. Civilization in general. Will and understanding the leading faculties, § 31.-Education and civilization defined and compared, § 32, et feq.-Innocent luxury promotes civilization, § 36. (See also § 708, 727, et feq. 758.)-Agricultural colonies recommended, § 40. (See alfo § 173, et feq. 606, Climate, Soil, and Water. Wet and dry feafons, § 43.-Quantity of rain, § 45.-Thermometer and barometer, § 46. -Soil from C. Blanco to Gambia, § 47.—Basaltes, § 48.—Adanfon's account of foil from Gambia to Nunez, § 49.-European factories ill fituated, $ 50.-Qualities of rain and river water, &c. § 51, 52.-Guinea worm, § 52.-How to cool and purify water, § 53, 54. Slave-fhips bring little produce, § 55.-Wood veffels deal in flaves, § 56.-E. and W. In- dians oppofe import. of African produce, § 57.-Produce rots in Africa for want of convey- ance, § 58.-Valuable E. and W. Indian productions indigenous in Africa, § 59.—Animals, § 60.-Rice, wild fugar-canes, cotton, and indigo, woods, pepper, nutmegs, &c. § 61, et seq. -Afr. cotton tried, § 64, (and used at Manchester, § 271.)-Hift. of coffee, § 69, note.- 400,000 guineas coined from Afr. gold, in one year, § 70.-Iron mines 700 miles up the The Means of preferving Health. Men and plants affected by transplantation, § 73.—Europeans regardless of health in Afr. $74, 75.-Afr. if cleared, would be healthful, § 75.-Inftance in St. Salvador, § 76, 80.- Commerce preferred to health, § 77. (See alfo § 231, note, 271, note, 777-)-Caufes of mor- tality of foldiers and failors, and why ships of war are healthful § 78.-Comparative falubrity of different places, § 80.-Houfes, temporary and permanent, § 84, et feq. (See alfo plate I.) -Diet, §37.-Sleep, drefs, and employment, § 88.-Cold bath, § 90.- Spirits to be kept up, § 91.-Mind comparatively neglected by physicians, § 92, et feq.-Who ftand Afr. cli- mate beft, § 95.-Mortality at Senegal escaped by temperance, § 97. CHAP. VII. General Reflections on Colonies, and the means of promoting them. tlements and colonies distinguished, ib. note.—Nations and their colonies compared to parents and children, § 104, et feq.—Causes of discord between nations and their colonies, § 109.-Gre- cian colonies, why profperous, § 110.-Some modern colonies originated in folly and injustice, § 111. Others ftunted by monopoly and oppreffion, § 112.-Commission Commerce should be encouraged in a new colony, § 114.-Communication between diftant regions of Afr. already open, 115, note.-Speculation commerce pernicious, § 116.-Speculators unconnected with any community, § 117.-Lord Chatham's opinion of them, § 118.-Dr. Arbuthnot's, ib. note. -And Dr. Johnson's, § 119.--Their operations tend to enflave mankind, § 121.-Because money is become independent of commodities, § 122.-Commercial colonies tend to flavery, agricultural to liberty, § 123.-Neceffity of caution in forming colonies, § 125-How co- |