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APPENDIX. ny's attention till the peace. Yet the plan was not abandoned. The factories eftablished by M. David, at Bambouc and Boudou, were kept up. The Sieur Auffenac, Governor of Fort St. Jofeph in Galam, went in 1756, to Kelienaut and Natacou, where new mines were discovered, which, finding to be rich and abundant, he fent to the Director of the Company at Paris, ores (des mineraux) fo rich in gold, that feveral of them yielded 3 and 4 drams. The Sr. Auffenac obferved in one of his memoirs, that the deeper the mines were dug, the richer they were found; and he stated, as the refult of all the attempts, that, after paying all expenfes, there remained a profit of between 40 and 50 per cent; and that this profit would be greatly augmented, because all preparatory expenfes were paid, and need not be repeated. The taking of Senegal in 1758, put an end to this bufinefs. The English, indeed, fent out an artift who died at Galam; and fuch has fince been the unfettled ftate of that country, that no farther attempts have been made. (See § 70, 651, et feq*.)

Expense of the expedition,

and it's objects

998. "The Sieur Chauvel is fo much convinced, that two perfons of skill would easily discover this precious metal in that country, that he hereby proposes to equip a vessel of between 100 and 150 tons burden, which ought not to draw more than nine feet water, when loaded. She ought to be well sheathed, to prevent the worm, commorin those hot climates, from damaging her bottom. Such a veffel, well equipped and furnished with one year's provifions, would coft from 25 to 30,000 livres Tournois. It would be proper to put on board this veffel, goods to the value of 60 or 70,000 livres; fo that the whole expedition would coft from 90 to 100,000 livres. The Sieur Chauvel will defray one half of this expenfe, if the two gentlemen, or their friends, will furnish the other half.

999." If the gentlemen confent to this condition, the management of the business muft be committed to the Sr. Chauvel, who will addrefs a memorial to the Minifter

* The fate of the miners fent from England, is mentioned by Dr. Lind, in his Effay on the Difeafes of hot Climates, p. 40, where, on the authority of a medical gentleman, he gives a lamentable account of the lofs of lives, in the paffage of 6 weeks, up the river, against the ftream; and also of the mortality at the little fort fituated on it's banks, above 700 miles from the fea. During the inundations, this fort is furrounded by the waters of the river, and during the reft of the year, by a large extent of mud and flime. It is no wonder then, that in such a navigation, and such a situation, the mortality was enormous. But I beg leave to observe, that, as my fellow travellers and myself intended to have gone to Galam, if we had not been prevented, ( § 615.) we made very particular enquiries respecting that place, and the journey thither. We were affured by feveral perfons at Goree, and particularly by a refpectable French officer who had twice vifited Galam, that the journey by land is attended with little mortality, and that the mountains, where the gold is found, at a moderate distance from the oozy banks of the river, are bleffed with a healthful air. I was told, at the fame time, of a French officer, who had lived many years among the natives at Galam, and that he was fo well pleased with his fituation, that he rejected fome very tempting offers made him by the Senegal Company, only to come down and acquaint them with the nature of the country, and the beft mode of cultivating a commercial intercourfe with the natives.

up

Trade com bined with mi

of the Marine, to obtain the protection necessary for such an undertaking, the fuccefs APPENDIX. of which will be the more certain, as it will embrace two objects-firft, the difcovery of mines ;—and, secondly, trading with the natives, while the gentlemen refide on the spot; so that, in case they should not fucceed in their researches, (which I hold to be impoffible,) their expenses might be defrayed by the following operations. 1000. "The vessel ought to be ready to fail in May; fo that they may be on the coaft in June and July, to take advantage of a fort of convoys which the na- ning fcheme. tives fit out, at that time of the year for Galam*. And, instead of coming downthe river, with the annual floods, as is the practise of those whose only object is trade, the veffel would remain at Galam, and trade in ivory, gold and flaves. These articles, though not very abundant, are yet in fufficient plenty to employ advantageoufly the time in which the gentlemen will be making their refearches.

1001."A very small number of men will fuffice to navigate the vessel to Senegal, which is commonly performed in 3 or 4 weeks. On arriving at Fort Louis, it will be advisable to take on board a reinforcement of the natives, who are excellent failors.

1002." To prevent disputes with the natives, it will be necessary to obtain some of the king's fons as hostages, (which is never refused) and to detain them, till the bufinefs be finished.

1003. "The gentlemen need not carry any attendants with them; for negroes are eafily hired in the country, to perform every kind of labour. Befides the negroes purchased in the course of trade may be employed in the most laborious work.

1004." The gentlemen being able, as there is no room to doubt, to fulfil the object of their voyage, by the discovery of the mines, would remain to pursue their refearches, while the veffel, having finished her business, would proceed with the negroes to St. Domingo, and return with produce to Havre. And to fupply the gentlemen with neceffaries, M. Chauvel, on receiving advice from them, would dispatch a veffel to them, if needful: or they might be fupplied by the fhips belonging to a company to whom the king has granted an exclufive charter for the gum trade, and, who of course will have many fhips going and coming to and from that part of the world.

1005." If the foregoing propofals meet with the approbation of the gentlemen, an Conditions agreement to the following purport may be figned by thefe gentlemen, and by propofed by M. Reinicke, in behalf of D. Chauvel and fon.

1006. "We, the underwritten.

refiding at

and

Dd. Chauvel and fon, Merchants in Havre, in whose behalf M. N. Reinicke will fign these presents, have mutually agreed upon the following articles.

* M. Chauvel here means the convoy which annually fails from Fort Louis, up the Senegal, during the inundations, and which, in fome years, confifts of 50 or 60 veffels, large and small.

Meff.Chauvel.

APPENDIX.

1007. (1°.) "The Sieurs D. Chauvel and fon, fhall fit out a veffel of fuch fize as may appear to them proper for trading in the river Senegal, and the forts and rivers thereon depending.

1008. (2.)" The Sieur Chauvel and son are hereby empowered, to purchase suck goods as they may think suitable, for the cargo of the faid veffel.

1009. (3°.) "The propofed plan of operation, after arriving at Senegal, is to hire black failors, and to take one of the king's fons as a hoflage, who fhall remain at Senegal, while they proceed to fearch for mines, and to trade in flaves, ivory and gold-duft.

are hereby authorized to re

1010. (4°.) " Meffieurs main as long as they think it convenient, for the discovering of mines, and the veffel, when the fhall have finished her trade, fhail proceed to St. Domingo with the flaves, and return with produce to Havre, whence she shall be immediately dispatched to Senegal with fuch articles as the gentlemen may requeft to be fent them: and the fame veffel, if they think proper, fhall attend them upon other discoveries, of which they fhall be bound to give notice to the Sr. Chauvel, when they fend for the goods which they may want.

1011. (5°.)" While the veffel remains at Senegal, or is on her voyage to St. Domingo and Havre, and back to Senegal, if Meffieurs

fhould be in want of any European articles, the Sr. Chauvel and son, on receiving advice thereof, will take care to fend them out by the first opportunity; or, if they are of great importance, will even difpatch another veffel with them.

1012. (6.) "It is computed that the cargo and outfit will coft from go to 100,000 livres, of which one half shall be on account of the Sieurs Chauvel, and the other half on account of Meffieurs

who, on figning this agreement, fhall direct fome house in Stockholm, Hamburg, Amfterdam or London, to make reimbursement.

1013. (7°.) “All the transactions respecting the fhip and cargo, the discovery of mines, and the expenfe thereof, as well as the profits which may refult therefrom, fhall be an account of Meff. and the other of Meff. Chauvel.

1014. (8.) "The management of the whole bufinefs, in Europe, fhall be entirely committed to the Srs. D. Chauvel and fon, not only the outfit of the vessel, and the purchafe of the cargo, but the fale of the returns; and Meffieurs

oblige themselves to remit to them all the gold and other minerals refulting from their refearches, and which the Srs. Chauvel and fon bind themselves to fell, and to apply one half of the neat proceeds, agreeable to the order of Meff.

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1015. (9.) The veffel fhall be under the orders of Meffieurs

who may conduct her to any place where they chufe to make researches; but the trade in flaves, gold-duft and ivory fhall be entrusted to the captain.

1

1016. (10°.) "If Meffieurs do not understand French, they APPENDIX. may carry with them a young man to act as interpreter and clerk, at the expenfe of

the concern,

D. CHAUVEL and SON.

No. 3. See § 613. Letters explaining various Difficulties in the Execution of
our Undertaking, and how they were to be removed; alfo fhewing with what
Zeal and Generofity the Swedish Ambassador, (Baron de Stael,) and the French
Minifter, (Marechal de Caftries,) promoted our Views.

M. Le Baron de Stael d'Holftein.

Paris, le 12 Août, 1787.

MONSIEUR L'AMBASSADEUR,

La Compagnie s'étoit empreffée d'offrir fes fervices les plus étendus à M. M. de Sparrman, Arrhenius, et Wadstrom. Les ordres qu'elle a reçus depuis, à ce fujet, de M. le Mal. de Caftries, et la recommendation que vous lui avez fait l'honneur de lui addreffer, font autant la recompenfe de fon zêle, que des motifs de devoir et d'encouragement. Elle a eu plufieurs conferences avec ces favants fur les moyens de rendre leur voyage de l'interieur de l'Afrique, auffi fûr et le moins pénible qu'il fera poffible, Ils trouverent dans les comptoirs, et auprès des agents de la Compagnie, les refeignemens, le fecours, les refources que la colonie peut comporter; et en attendant ils feront traités avec beaucoup de diftinction dans le navire qui va les transporter au Senegal.

La Compagnie fe felicite infiniment d'avoir une pareille occafion de temoigner a votre Excellence combien elle defire de lui être agréable. Je fuis, avec respect,

MONSIEUR L'AMBASSADEUR, &c.
FRAISSE, Adr. Deur.

Par procuration de la Compagnie du Senegal.

Baron Stael von Hoftein.

Paris, Aug. 12, 1787,

SIR,

THE Company anxiously wish to The Compaoffer the most extensive services to Meffrs. Sparr- ny's answer to Bar. de Stael. man, Arrhenius, and Wadftrom. The order they have received on that head, from the Marechal de Caftries, and the recommendation which you have done them the honour to address to them, at once recompenfe their zeal, and are motives for their activity. The Company had many conferences with those learned gentlemen, refpecting the means of rendering their journey into the interior, as fecure and eafy as poffible. They will find at the factories, and with the Company's agents, the directions, affistance, and refources, which the fettlements can afford; and, in the mean time, they will be treated with great attention on board the fhip which is to convey them to Senegal.

The Company is extremely happy in having this opportunity of fhewing your Excellency how much they defire to be agreeable to you. I am, with respect,

Your Excellency's, &c.
FRAISSE, Acting Director.
For the Senegal Company.

No. 3.

APPENDIX.

The Company excufe themselves to Bar. de Stael.

M. Le Baron de Stael d'Holftein.

MONSIEUR L'AMBASSADEUR,

No. 4. See § 613.
See613.

VOUS me faites l'honneur de me marquer, que M. Mistral, Intendant de la Marine au Havre, fait difficulté de laiffer embarquer M. M. Arrhenius et Wadftrom. La Compagnie n'y à aucune part, puisqu'elle a donné ordre à ses adminiftrateurs au Havre, d'accorder le paffage gratis, a ces naturalistes, auffi qu'à M. Sparrman. Je penfe, Monfieur, que ce que j'ai de mieux a faire c'eft d'envoyer à Havre, la lettre originale par laquelle M. le Marechal de Castries a recommandé à la Compagnie ces trois voyageurs, fans exception; et néanmoins je vais écrire à ce Miniftre, pour le fupplier de faire favoir ses intentions à M. Mistral inceffamment à ce fujet. J'ai vû dans les bureaux, fa decifion donnée fur une lettre de M. de Malefherbes, qui ne lui recommandoit que M. Sparrman. C'eft là-dessus que les commis auront fait la lettre minifterielle, pour ordonner au bureau de claffes du Havre, que ce Docteur fut embarqué au fraix du roi ; et ils auront ignoré qu'il avoit deux compagnons. Votre Excellence peut-être perfuadée, que ces deux compagnons auront au moins, inceffamment la permiffion de s'embarquer. Quant au fraix de leur paffage, la compagnie en recevra le remboursement du miniftre, fi ce font fes intentions: mais elle ne le demandera point, parce qu'elle est très flattée de pouvoir contribuer de fon mieux à des voyages auffi intereffants.

Je fuis, avec refpect, &c.

FRAISSE, Adr. Dear.

Par procuration de la Compagnie du Senegal.

Baron Stael von Holstein.

SIR,

YOU do me the honour to observe, that M. Miftral, Intendant of the Marine at Havre, objects to the embarkation of Meffrs. Arrhenius and Wadftrom. This was no fault of the Company, who have ordered their managers at Havre, to give a paffage gratis, to these naturalifts, as well as to M. Sparrman. I think, Sir, I had beft fend to Havre the original letter, in which the Marshal de Caftries, hath recommended to the Company those three travellers, without exception; and I will, moreover, write to that minister, to make his intentions on that fubje&t known immediately to M. Mistral. I have seen in the office his determination, in a letter to M. de Malesherbes, which recommended M. Sparrman only. In confequence, the clerks, in writing the minister's letter, ordering the office of the department of Havre, to give the Doctor a paffage at the king's expense, did not know he had two companions. Your Excellency may rest affured that the two other gentlemen shall have immediate permiffion to embark. As to the expense of their paffage, the Company will receive it from the minifter, if fuch be his intention. But they will never ask for it, being much gratified by having it in their power to contribute to their utmost, to voyages of this interesting nature. I am, with respect, &c. FRAISSE, Acting Director. For the Senegal Company.

No. 5.

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