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its second year, doubled its price, we felt certain of its entire success. Since that time, it has grown steadily in popularity and influence, and now it wears an appearance of strength and permanence that leaves no room for doubting that it will soon become one of the best paying newspaper establishments in the country. It is now one of the best mediums for every description of advertising, and it will not be long before it is crowded with that species of business.

We had intended, in this connexion, to notice somewhat in detail, a series of articles now in course of publication in the Times, under the title of The Great Conversationists," but we have left ourselves little room for the fulfilment of our purpose. We recognize in them the hand of an esteemed friend -a man of the finest literary attainments, and an elegant writer. He has already treated of Jefferson, Calhoun, and several other of the great lights of the South. His last number is devoted to the "Lesser Lights of South Carolina." As a specimen of his style, we give an extract from his sketch of George McDuffee. The fidelity of his limning will be recognized by all who have had an opportunity to hear that very able man and powerful orator.

From the Examiner.

the heaviest of the seas as they approach. If this precaution be neglected, it is almost a matter of certainty that the boat will broach to broadside to the sea and be capsized. In truth, in this manner nearly all the crews of distressed vessels who take to their boats, and attempt to land through a heavy surf, are drowned. chant seamen may, I believe, be instrumental in that it is an infallible rule of safety. A boat may saving many lives. It is not, of course, pretended be so short or small in proportion to the magnitude of the waves, that they may break over her bow and stern (whichever is to seaward) and fill her at once, or throw her "end over end;" but in such a case it is their only chance.

The circulation of this information among mer

With a boat under the command of oars this management may be readily effected, but not so under sail, since, even if the sails be lowered, the boat will probably still retain too much speed, and if she broach to with the top weight of a mast and sail, nothing can prevent her capsizing if the sea be very heavy.

with a considerable amount of ballast, a lifeboat Without the top weight of a mast and sail, and may, in the like circumstances, go no further than her beam-ends, merely half filling with water, and then turning round head to the sea.

It cannot, I conceive, be too urgently forced on the attention of the crews of such lifeboats as have the means of both rowing and sailing, that if they have been off to a distant wreck under sail, their proper course, on nearing the land and before getting into broken water, even if it be

HOW TO HANDLE A BOAT AMONGST daylight, will be to get down their mast and sail,

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It is a well-known thing to the seamen on the most exposed parts of our coasts, that the chief danger to a boat does not occur when going off against a heavy sea, but on returning before it, at which time the greatest skill and carefulness are necessary, even under oars, to prevent a boat from broaching to and turning broadside on to the sea. Their experience has taught them that, when seeing a heavy breaker following their boat up from astern, instead of yielding to the natural impulse of giving her all possible speed away from it, and so, as might be expected, to lessen the violence of the shock, their only safety lies in checking the boat's way through the water, and keeping her end on to the sea till it has passed them, to effect which they back their oars, or even face a portion of the crew round the reverse way, who row backwards with all their force against

and to take their boat carefully in under oars. In the night time, as was the case in this instance, when the breakers cannot be seen until the boat is among them, to run over the bar of a river, or through any heavy broken water, under sail, I consider to be an act of extreme imprudence.

It may not be uninteresting, even to the general reader, to point out what is evidently the cause of this unexpected effect of the action of the sea, which requires a treatment the reverse of that which we should pursue on an impending collision between two opposite forces upon the land, and which makes it safer to boldly charge the danger than to flee from it.

It would be unsuitable here to enter on the theory of the waves, as far as it is understood; and the fact is observed by every one, that, as they approach the shore, and meet the rebound of those which have preceded them, their violence is increased, and, acquiring now an actually progressive motion, their upper stratum rushes onward, and falls over like a cataract, while a constant undercurrent, or backwater, at the same time setting off against them, serves but to increase their fury, and adds greatly to their dangerous effects.

On a boat advancing against one of these waves, or, as they are now denominated, rollers, from their rolling or tumbling motion, or breakers, from their broken surface, she receives the concussion of the blow, parts the wave with her bow, by her own inertia retains her position, and the immediate danger is past. To be sure, if she be

too short and small in proportion to the height of the wave, she may be thrown almost into a perpendicular position, and turned "end over end," as it is termed. Or, again, if she be too cumbersome, or her bow present too broad or bluff a surface to the water, she may, in a very heavy sea, lose her headway and be driven astern, when, if she be straight sheered and have but little height at her ends, she may be forced down stern foremost or be turned over quarter ways. If, however, she have sufficient height of bow to prevent the sea from breaking in a large body over it, and enough power to retain her headway over the crest of the wave, she has nothing to fear.

On returning to the shore, however, if she attempts to run from a heavy breaker or roller, it soon catches her, throws her stern up, and carries her away with it; she cannot get away from it; she and it together are running along at a frightful pace over the ground, yet she has not steerage way through the water, and is quite unmanageable; it hugs her and crowds on her more and more; it runs her bow under water; the under current, acting on her fore foot, turns her round broadside to the sea, which still presses on her; her whole lee side is under water, and, if an ordinary open boat, she is instantly upset. Even if she be a lifeboat, unless she has a large amount of well-secured ballast, and although she have no mast or sail up, she will probably be turned quite over either by the same wave or else by the following one, which will fall on her before she can recover her position.

It may, therefore, be considered an axiom in the management of all boats in a heavy sea and shoal water, when going to windward to give the boat the greatest possible speed against each sea as it approaches, and when rowing to leeward to check her way and back her against each wave until it has passed.

These last propositions may perhaps require some qualifications. The Brighton fishing boats, for example, run in under sail in the worst weather, and with a heavy sea on and broken water, and it is seldom that an accident happens. They are, as every one knows, of the shape of half a walnut shell, and have good free board.

We cannot quite assent to the axiom of giving the utmost way to a boat in meeting a heavy sea, especially if it be short and breaking. In such case it is more prudent to diminish the speed, for the same reason that, in sailing craft beating to windward in bad weather and a heavy sea, it is often advisable to haul a headsail to weather to deaden the way, and meet the sea more easily. In hard westerly gales, pilot-boats and small craft, beating through the Needles on the falling weather tide, can only make their passage over the Bridge with their foresails hauled to windward, not hove to, but keeping way on but diminished way. The same principle must apply to rowing boats, especially if strongly manned, as life-boats generally are.

From Poems by Elizabeth Barnett.

THE SLEEP.

Come unto me all ye who labor and are heavy laden, and
I will give you rest.

Of all the thoughts of God that are
Borne inward unto souls afar,
Along the Psalmist's music deep-
Now tell me if that any is,
For gift or grace, surpassing this.
"He giveth His beloved, sleep"?

What would we give to our beloved?
The hero's heart, to be unmoved
The poet's star-tuned harp, to sweep -
The senate's shout to patriot vows -
The monarch's crown, to light the brows?
"He giveth His beloved, sleep."

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For me my heart that erst did go
Most like a tired child at a show,
That sees through tears the jugglers leap,
Would now its wearied vision close,
Would childlike on His love repose,
Who giveth His beloved, sleep!

And friends! dear friends! when it shall be
That this low breath is gone from me,
And round my bier ye come to weep
Let one, most loving of you all.
Say, "Not a tear must o'er her fall".
"He giveth His beloved sleep!"

From Henry Taylor's "Notes from Life."
ON CHOICE IN MARRIAGE.
MANAGEMENT IN PROMOTING MARRIAGE.

sumed, as may suffice for a perfect discerning till too late."* In our age the freedom of access is sufficient; but the access is, for the most part, at times and places where nothing Ir an unreasonable opposition to a daugh- can be discerned but the features of a restless ter's choice be not to prevail, I think that, and whirling life. And if Milton could say, on the other hand, the parents, if their views" Who knows not that the bashful muteness of marriage be pure from worldliness, are of a virgin may ofttimes hide all the unlivelijustified in using a good deal of management ness and natural sloth which is really unfit for not more than they very often do use, but conversation," we, on the other hand, who more than they are wont to avow or than cannot reasonably complain of the bashful society is wont to countenance- - with a view muteness of the virgins, may be in our own to putting their daughters in the way of such way perplexed in the attempt to discover what marriages as they can approve. It is the way is the life that lies beneath those dancing and of the world to give such management an ill glancing outsides of which we see so much. name-probably because it is most used by those who abuse it to worldly purposes; and It may be observed, I think, that women I have heard a mother pique herself on never of high intellectual endowments and much having taken a single step to get her daugh- dignity of deportment have the greatest diffiters married-which appeared to me to have culty in marrying, and stand most in need of been a dereliction of one of the most essential a mother's help. And this not because they duties of a parent. If the mother be wholly are themselves fastidious, for they are often passive, either the daughters must take steps as little so as any, but because men are not and use management for themselves (which humble enough to wish to have their superiors is not desirable), or the happiness and the for their wives. most important interests of their lives, moral Great wealth in a woman tends to keep at and spiritual, must be the sport of chance a distance both the proud and the humble, and take a course purely fortuitous; and in leaving the unhappy live-bait to be snapped many situations, where unsought opportunities at by the hardy and the greedy. If the of choice do not abound, the result may be wealthy father of an only daughter could be not improbably such a love and marriage as gifted with a knowledge of what parental caro the mother and every one else contemplate and kindness really is, it is my assured belief with astonishment. Some such astonishment that he would disinherit her. If he leaves I recollect to have expressed on an occasion of the kind to an illustrious poet and philosopher, whose reply I have always borne in inind when other such cases have come under iny observation : "We have no reason to be surprised, unless we know what may have been the young lady's opportunities. If Miranda had not fallen in with Ferdinand, she would have been in love with Caliban."

her his wealth, the best thing for her to do is to marry the most respectable person she can find of the class of men who marry for money. An heiress remaining unmarried is a prey to all manner of extortion and imposition, and with the best intentions becomes, through ill-administered expenditure and misdirected bounty, a corruption to her neighborhood and a curse to the poor; or if experience shall put her on her guard, she will lead a life of resistance and suspicion, to the injury of her own mind and nature.

In the case, therefore, of either high endowments or great wealth in a daughter, the care of a parent is peculiarly needed to multiply her opportunities of making a good choice in marriage; and in no case can such care be properly pretermitted.

DUE MATURITY FOR MARRIAGE.

But management, if it is to be recommended, must be good management, and not the management by which young ladies are hurried from ball-room to ball-room, so that a hundred prelibations may give one chance to be swallowed. A very few ball-rooms will afford the means of introduction and selection of acquaintances; and the intercourse which, by imparting a real knowledge of the dispositions, will give the best facilities for choice, will be that which is withdrawn, by one When the mother takes no pains, the marremove and another, from gay metropolitan assemblies-first, to intercourse in country riage of the daughter, even if not in itself inplaces; secondly, to domestic society. Our eligible, is likely to be unduly deferred. For present manners admit, perhaps, too much the age at which marriages are to be confreedom of intercourse in public, too little in tracted, is a very material consideration, private. The light familiarity of festive meet-Aristotle was of opinion that the bridegroom ings is carried far enough, further than tends should be thirty-seven years of age and the to attach; but the graver intimacy is wanting. bride eighteen; alleging physical reasons, Milton complained that in his time, choice in which I venture to think exceedingly inconmarriage was difficult, because there was not clusive. Eighteen for the bride is the least that freedom of access, granted or pre- * Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, ch. 3.

ships, fill up the measure of life, and make the single heart sufficient to itself. It is when these things have partly passed away. and life has lost something of its original brightness, that men begin to feel an insufficiency and a want. I have known it to be remarked by a Roman Catholic priest, as the result of much observation of life amongst his brethren, that the pressure of their vow of celibacy was felt most severely towards forty

to be objected to, and would yet be rather
early in this climate. A girl of that age may
be not absolutely unprepared for marriage
but she has hardly had time for that longing
and yearning affection which is to be her best
security after. Sir Thomas More, in account-
ing for Jane Shore's infidelity to her hus-
band, observes, that "forcasmuche as they
wer coupled ere she wer wel ripe, she not very
fervently loved for whom she never longed.
But whether or not the girl be to be con-years of
sidered ripe at eighteen, I know no good reason,
moral or physical, why the man should with-
hold himself till seven-and-thirty, and many
excellent reasons against it. Some few years
of seniority on the part of the man I do con-
ceive to be desirable; and on this, as well as
on other grounds, the woman should marry
young; for if the woman were to be past her
first youth and the man to be some years
older, it follows that the man would remain
longer unmarried than it is good for him to
be alone.

The woman should marry, therefore, rather before than after that culminating period of personal charm, which, varying much in different individuals, is but a short period in any, and occurs in early youth in almost all. She should marry between twenty and thirty years of age, but nearer the former than the latter period. Now the man at such an age would probably be too light for the man's part in marriage; and the more so when marrying a wife equally young. For, when two very young people are joined together in matrimony, it is as if one sweet pea should be put as a prop to another. The man, therefore, may be considered most marriageable when he is nearer thirty than twenty, or perhaps when he is a little beyond thirty. If his marriage be deferred much longer there is some danger of his becoming hardened in celibacy. In the case of a serious and thoughtful man, it need not be deferred so long; for, in such a case, a remark made in a letter of Lord Bacon's will probably be verified that a man finds himself seven years older the day after his marriage.

age.

If a man have fairly passed that period without marrying or attempting marriage, then, I think, or very soon after, he may conclude that there is no better fortune in store for him, and dispose himself finally for the life celibate.

Till age, refrain not; but if old, refrain, says one of the shrewdest of the unpoetical poets.*

UNNATURAL ALLIANCE.

The marriages of old men to young women their motives as in their results; and the are, for the most part, as objectionable in mistake of such marriages is generally as great as the moral misfeasance. There is no greater error of age than to suppose that it can recover the enjoyment of youth by possessing itself of what youth only can enjoy ; and age will never appear so unlovely as when it is seen with such an ill-sorted accompaniment—

A chaplet of forced flowers on Winter's brow
Seems not less inharmonious to me

Than the untimely snow on the green leaf. For the young women who make such marriages there is sometimes more to be said than for the old men. When the motives are mercenary, there is nothing to be said for them; and but little when the case is one of weak consent to the mercenary baseness of parents, or when they sacrifice themselves (as they will sometimes allege) in a rich alliance for the relief of a large family of destitute brothers and sisters. These are but beggarly considerations, and might be eagerly plead in defence of a less disguised prostitution. But There are other motives and circumstances a case will sometimes occur in which a young besides those connected with prudence, which, woman is dazzled by great achievements or in the case of men, militate against early mar-renown; and what is heroical or illustrious riages. If their first passion (as it happens may inspire a feeling which, distinct though with most first passions) have issued in a dis- it be from that which youth inspires in youth, appointment, and if they have passed through is yet not unimaginative, and may suffice to their disappointment without being betrayed, sanctify the marriage vow. And there is anby the heart's abhorrence of its vacuum, into other case, not certainly to be altogether vinsome immediate marriage of the pis-aller kind, dicated and yet not to be visited with much resorted to for mere purposes of repose, they harshness of censure, in which a woman who will probably find that a first seizure of the has had her heart broken, seeks, in this sort kind guarantees them for a certain number of of marriage, such an asylum as, had she been years against a second. In the mean time, a Roman Catholic, she might have found in a the many interests, aspirations, and alacrities convent. of youth, its keen pursuits and its fresh hard

* Crabbe.

From the Boston Atlas.

LEPROSY IN NORWAY.

The hospital is, in part, supported by the government. The number of its inmates has varied from eighty to one hundred and twenty, the average being about one hundred, some of whom arrive at old age. When I left Bergen, twenty-three years ago, I was not aware that any serious attempt had been made to cure this disease, but I remember some quacks in the medical profession made unsuccessful attempts.

MESSRS. EDITORS: -Much has been said of late in the papers relative to this disease, both as to its being "contagious," not contagious, “a misnomer to call it leprosy,' "a scrofula," "curable," "incurable," and also that its publication is made at the instigation of the Norwegian government, for the purpose of throwing impediments in the A number of years ago, the attending phyway of emigration." As a native of that sician, Dr. Danielsen, who had made this subcountry, permit me to state a few facts ject his study, was sent by the government to derived from many years' personal observa- Paris and other parts of Europe, where distion, and full five years' frequent intercourse cases of similar symptoms had formerly existwith the diseased, being at that time con-ed, to study and collect every fact that could nected with one of the establishments in aid him in his investigation. He returned in Bergen, which furnished medicines to the hospital for that disease, the only one in the country, which was established many years ago, to which is attached one physician, one minister, and a church, in which is held weekly religious services.

The appearance of the disease is generally very loathsome. The parts of their bodies exposed to view are often covered with large knots on the face, eyes affected, with loss of nose, of fingers, of toes, limbs swollen, voice hoarse, amounting in many to a faint whisper, and those whose appearance shows less disease, suffer more internally from pains, to alleviate which, with internal and external applications, is the most that medical science has as yet affected.

This disease does not show itself at any particular age, but appears in children from the age of ten, up to the aged of sixty. Its first symptoms, I believe, are hoarseness and the knotty appearance of the skin, and when this shows itself, the person is generally provided with a certificate from the physician, the parish minister, or a magistrate, to the trustees of the hospital, where, after examination, he is admitted.

due time, with fair prospects of beneficial results. A large edifice has been erected outside the city, in a healthy and beautiful location, under his superintendence, furnished with many of the modern improvements. I went over the whole building, with a medical friend, four years ago, and found it far more comfortable than the old one, in which I had been a frequent visitor. In this, Dr. D., who was then out of town, has greater facilities to accomplish his object, to which he has devoted himself, and from which I have been expecting to hear happy results.

The cause of this disease is yet unknown. The generally adopted opinion is, that it is caused by the constant living on fish, too frequently badly prepared, together with the too little attention paid to personal cleanliness, which characterizes some of the districts in which this disease mostly prevails. For this supposition there is some foundation. Bergen, and Bergenhuus Stift (State) derives its prosperity from the great fisheries all along its coast and in its numerous bays; and to that part of the country this frightful disease is mostly confined; it is not often found in the interior.

Bergen is situated on the south-west coast Norway is an independent kingdom. Its of Norway, in latitude sixty degrees and forty-nominal head is the King of Sweden, who is eight minutes, near the North sea, and the also king of Norway. She has her own flag, diseased come from a little more south of is republican in principles, has a most excelBergen, and northerly all along the coast, as lent and liberal constitution, to which her high up as to the seventieth degree. independent but law-abiding sons are much attached. There is no nobility, and every farmer is master of his own soil. Most of the municipal authorities in the cities and in the country are elected by the people, who also elect their representatives to the Storthing (Congress), consisting of two houses, which makes the laws, regulates the financial affairs of the country, and meets every three years for about six months- and oftener, if convened by the king on extraordinary occasions. His power is very limited; he possesses, however, the veto power-but if the Storthing passes the same bill at three successive sessions, then it becomes a law without his approval.

The occupation of these people is mostly connected with the fisheries, but also with the forest and agriculture. It is, as before observed, not confined to any particular age, nor is it frequent that more than one member of a family is afflicted. A father, a mother, a child may be diseased, but none else in the family; and again, the disease disappears in one or two generations, when it reappears. Those less diseased are permitted to walk abroad in the city, and dispose of the few articles made by their fellow-sufferers, and to the disagreeable sight of these unfortunate beings, the citizens have been accustomed from childhood. 3

CCCCLXIII.

LIVING AGE. VOL. I.

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