THE melancholy duty of examining the papers of my deceased friend devolved upon me at a time when I was depressed by severe afflictions.

In that state of mind, I hesitated to undertake the task of selecting and preparing his manuscripts for the press. The warmth of my early and long attachment to Mr Gibbon made me conscious of a partiality which it was not proper to indulge, especially in revising many of his juvenile and unfinished compositions. I had to guard, not only against a sentiment like my own, which I found extensively diffused, but also against the eagerness occasioned by a very general curiosity to see in print every literary relic, however imperfect, of so distinguished a writer.

Being aware how disgracefully authors of eminence have been often treated by an indiscreet posthumous publication of fragments and careless effu.

sions; when I had selected those papers which to myself appeared the fittest for the public eye, I consulted some of our common friends, whom I knew to be equally anxious with myself for Mr Gibbon's fame, and fully competent from their judgment to pro

tect it.

Under such a sanction it is that, no longer suspecting myself to view through too favourable a medium the compositions of my friend, I now venture to publish them: and it may here be proper to give some information to the reader respecting the contents of these volumes.

The most important part consists of Memoirs of Mr Gibbon's Life and Writings, a work which he seems to have projected with peculiar solicitude and attention, and of which he left six different sketches, all in his own hand-writing. One of these sketches, the most diffuse and circumstantial so far as it proceeds, ends at the time when he quitted Oxford. Another at the year 1764, when he travelled to Italy. A third, at his father's death in 1770. A fourth, which he continued to March 1791, appears in the form of annals, much less detailed than the others. The two remaining sketches are still more imperfect. But it is difficult to discover the order in which these several pieces were written. From all of them the following Memoirs have been carefully selected and put together.

My hesitation in giving these Memoirs to the world arose principally from the circumstance of Mr Gibbon's seeming, in some respect, not to have been quite satisfied with them, as he had so frequently varied their form: yet, notwithstanding this diffidence, the compositions, though unfinished, are so excellent, that I think myself justified in permitting my friend to appear as his own biographer, rather than to have that office undertaken by any other person less qualified for it.

This opinion has rendered me anxious to publish

the present Memoirs without any unnecessary delay; for I am persuaded that the author of them cannot be made to appear in a truer light than he does in the following pages. In them, and in his different letters, which I have added, will be found a complete picture of his talents, his disposition, his studies, and his attainments.

Those slight variations of character, which naturally arose in the progress of his life, will be unfolded in a series of letters selected from a correspondence between him and myself, which continued full thirty years, and ended with his death.

It is to be lamented, that all the sketches of the Memoirs, except that composed in the form of annals, cease about twenty years before Mr Gibbon's death; and consequently that we have the least detailed account of the most interesting part of his life.

His

correspondence during that period will, in great measure, supply the deficiency. It will be separated from the Memoirs, and placed in an Appendix, that those who are not disposed to be pleased with the repetitions, familiarities, and trivial circumstances, of epistolary writing, may not be embarrassed by it. By many the letters will be found a very interesting part of the present publication. They will prove how pleasant, friendly, and amiable, Mr Gibl on was in private life; and if in publishing letters so flattering to myself I incur the imputation of vanity, I shall meet the charge with a frank confession, that I am indeed highly vain of having enjoyed for so many years the esteem, the confidence, and the affection of a man, whose social qualities endeared him to the most accomplished society, and whose talents, great as they were, must be acknowledged to have been fully equalled by the sincerity of his friendship.

Whatever censure may be pointed against the Editor, the public will set a due value on the letters for their intrinsic merit. I must indeed be blinded either by vanity or affection, if they do not display

the heart and mind of their author in such a manner as justly to increase the number of his admirers.

I have not been solicitous to garble or expunge passages which to some may appear trifling. Such passages will often, in the opinion of the observing reader, mark the character of the writer; and the omission of them would materially take from the ease and familiarity of authentic letters.

Few men, I believe, have ever so fully unveiled their own character, by a minute narrative of their sentiments and pursuits, as Mr Gibbon will here be found to have done; not with study and labour-not with an affected frankness-but with a genuine confession of his little foibles and peculiarities, and a goodhumoured and natural display of his own conduct and opinions.

Mr Gibbon began a Journal, a work distinct from the sketches already mentioned, in the early part of his life, with the following declaration :

"I propose from this day (August 24th, 1761) to keep an exact Journal of my actions and studies, both to assist my memory, and to accustom me to set a due value on my time. I shall begin by setting down some few events of my past life, the dates of which I can remember."

This industrious project he pursued occasionally in French, with the minuteness, fidelity, and liberality, of a mind resolved to watch over and improve itself.

66

The Journal is continued under different titles, and is sometimes very concise, and sometimes singularly detailed. One part of it is entitled " My Journal," another "Ephemerides, or Journal of my Actions, Studies, and Opinions." The other parts are entitled Ephémérides, ou Journal de ma Vie, de mes Etudes, et de mes Sentimens." In this Journal, among the most trivial circumstances, are mixed very interesting observations and dissertations on a satire of Juvenal, a passage of Homer or of Longinus, or of any other author whose works he happened to read in the

course of the day; and he often passes from a remark on the most common vent, to a critical disquisition of considerable learning, or an inquiry into some abstruse point of philosophy.

It certainly was not his intention that this private and notley diary should be presented to the public; nor have I thought myself at liberty to present it in the shape in which he left it. But when reduced to an account of his literary occupations, it forms so singular and so interesting a portrait of an indefatigable student, that I persuade myself it will be regarded as a valuable acquisition by the literary world, and as an accession of fame to the memory of my friend.*

*

*

*

.*

*

In the collection of writings which I am now sending to the press, there is no article that will so much engage the public attention as the Memoirs. I will therefore close all I mean to say as their Editor, by assuring the reader, that although I have in some measure newly arranged those interesting papers, by forming one regular narrative from the six different sketches, I have nevertheless adhered with scrupulous fidelity to the very words of their Author; and I use the letter S to mark such notes as it seemed to me necessary to add.

It remains only to express a wish that, in discharging this latest office of affection, my regard to the memory of my friend may appear, as I trust it will do, proportioned to the high satisfaction which I enjoyed for many years in possessing his entire confidence, and very partial attachment.

Sheffield Place,

6th Aug. 1795.

SHEFFIELD.

* Some interesting extracts from this Journal are given by way of note to the Memoirs; but as modified by lord Sheffield, and separately supplied in the collection of Miscellanies, it can scarcely be regarded as autobiographical, and is therefore omitted.