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LETTER VII.
No visible or necessary Connexion in Nature between Popula
tion and Vegetation.-The Relation is intellectual and artifi
cial, arising from the Plan and Mind of the Creator.-America
no support to the Malthusian Ratio.-Countries resorted to by
Emigrants, or enlarged by Conquests, no Authorities for the
Laws of Natural Population.-Instances of this in Canada
and Russia Page 47
LETTER VIII.
The State of the American Population from 1800 to 1830 un-
favourable to the Malthusian Theory
LETTER IX.
58
The experienced Increase shows the real Natural Laws, which
are not the same for every Period of Society.-State and
Progress of Population in England, Scotland, Ireland, France,
and some other Countries of Europe
LETTER X.
65
A Rule suggested, by which the Malthusian Ratio may be al-
ways tried.-Its Conditions have not occurred anywhere.-
The more probable Rate shown in the late Increases of our
own Population.-In Russia a similar Gradation.-Also in
Prussia and Lithuania
LETTER XI.
74
The Populations of the World are all in different States, which
imply different Laws acting in each.-The three Elements of
Population are Marriages, Births, and Deaths, all linked and
adjusted to each other in the Plan and System of Creation.-
On the Ratio of Marriages, and of Married and Marriageable
Feinales in various Populations
LETTER XII.
84
The Proportion of Births to Marriages.-The Variation in dif-
ferent Countries.-The established Limits to these and usual
Laws
98
LETTER XIII.
The Laws of Death considered.-Their Adjustment to the Laws
of Birth.-Statement of their Rate and Proportions in differ-
ent Countries
111
LETTER XIV.
Limitations of Population produced by the Ordinary Laws of
Death.-Statement of these as they occur in England and in
several other Countries Page 123
LETTER XV.
Other Laws of Death.-Mortality increases as Births increase.
-Apparent Connexion between the Times of their occurrence.
-Relations between Death and the Price of Food.-Effects
of Climate and Soil.-Results of Childbirth.-Reflections on
Infant Deaths
LETTER XVI.
130
Sketches of the Plans and Principles on which Population has
been conducted, and of the Purposes which are effectuated
by it.--It never has been injurious to Society
LETTER XVII.
140
Increasing Population may require some new Civil Regulations.
-Statement of the Natural Advantages from it.-It cannot
rise if there be not Food for it
LETTER XVIII.
147
Further Considerations on the Benefits which arise from an
increasing Population
LETTER XIX.
153
Views of the State of the Living World in several Countries.-
The Comparative Proportion of their Inhabitants at the suc-
ceeding Ages of Life.-The possible Longevity of Human
Nature, and Instances of it in various Parts of the World
LETTER XX.
164
The Natural Division of Population into Moieties of Youth and
Age in England.-The settled Preponderance and Power of
the Elder.-Effect of this established Arrangement.-Their
respective Operations on each other
LETTER XXI.
176
Sketch of the Plan on which the FEMALE WORLD appears to
have been arranged, qualified, and stationed.-The Effect of it
on Human Society
186
LETTER XXII.
The AGED Class of Society considered.-State and Proportion
of them in England and Wales.-Review of their Character,
Position, and Utilities in the Living World
LETTER XXIII.
Page 202
Great Longevity one Part of the Plan, and one of the Laws o
Human Life.-Its existence in Antiquity, and in all Periods
of the World, down to our own Times.-The most remarka-
ble Instances of it in the last two Centuries - 211
LETTER XXIV.
Longevity made a Natural Property of Human Nature.-At
present increasing in frequency.-Not attended naturally with
Decay of Faculties.-Instances of its Efficiency.-Distin-
guished Men among the Ancients who were Aged
LETTER XXV.
223
Further Instances showing that Longevity has been and may
be a pleasurable and efficient State.-Facts as to the Diet
which Long-livers have used.-Cornaro's Experience.-Ob-
servations on our own Power of obtaining it
LETTER XXVI.
235
Dotage and Disability of Mind or Body no necessary Compan-
ion of Longevity.-Continuity of existence anywhere can be
no Prejudice to an Immortal Soul.-The Divine Plan of
Human Life and Revelation is founded on its being Immor-
tal and Improveable
LETTER XXVII.
247
Inquiry into the State of the Mind at the time of our earthly
Death, and on the Indications then given of the Immortality
of its Nature.-Ilustrative Incidents from the Dying Moments
of many Persons more or less distinguished
LETTER XXVIII.
253
Mankind have been created on the Principle that Subsistence
should be essential to them.-Instances showing that this was
not an indispensable Condition of Human Existence. But,
having been made the Law of it, we may be certain always
of a sufficient Supply
271
LETTER XXIX.
Indication of the present general Superabundance of Produce
for the Subsistence of Mankind, notwithstanding the Univer-
sal Multiplications of the Population of Europe and other
Regions of the Globe
LETTER XXX.
Page 283
Grounds for a Rational Assurance that the future Multiplication
of Mankind will find sufficient Subsistence.-Provision made
in Nature for this, by the quantity of Ground left hitherto un-
cultivated
LETTER XXXI.
298
The Principle of Animal Nutrition is, that it shall arise from
what has had life within it.-Animal and Vegetable Organiza-
tions prepare all Human Food.-Facts to show that Mankind
can and do Feed on all the Classes of the Animal Kingdom,
and find Nutriment from all
LETTER XXXII.
313
Almost all the Vegetable Kingdom is applicable and convert-
ible into Human Food.-Instances of this in the use of its
various Genera for that Purpose in different Parts of the
World.-The Impossibility of Mankind perishing from Fam-
ine
LETTER XXXIII.
324
Animal and Vegetable Matter, in any Form, capable of Nourish-
ing Human Life.-Four Sources of it.-Three that will last
as long as Man.-Probability that the Improvements yet at-
tainable in Cultivation will always suffice.-The Benefit of
small Allotments and Spade Husbandry under wise Regula-
tions
331
LETTER XXXIV.
Miscellaneous Facts and Remarks as to the Diet of different
Countries. Their general Enjoyment alike of all that they
are used to.-The Benefit arising from a moderate or abstemi-
ous Use of Food.-Vegetable Diet the most common.-Di-
gestibility of the different Substances eaten.
341
LETTER XXXV.
The SUPERNATURAL History of the World a real Subject for
Human Study and Knowledge --The Hebrew Scriptures are
written Records of so much of it as has been disclosed to us.
-Their endless value to us.-What was done in Judea by the
Almighty was done for the Knowledge and Benefit of all.-
The Communications of the Deity to us must always be mi-
raculous.-The true Nature of Miracles
Page 282
LETTER XXXVI.
Rise and Prevalence of PAGANISM in the fifth Century after the
Deluge. Its Deleterious Effects and Self-perpetuation.--Hu-
man Causes continued, and could not subvert it.-Divine
Interposition by an Intellectual Process essential both for Re-
ligious and Moral Tuition and Improvement
LETTER XXXVII.
372
Mankind unable to liberate themselves from their Pagan Super-
stitions or from Atheism.-The general Disposition to dis-
credit Specific Relations.-Divine Agency has been indispen-
sable to rescue Mankind from those Errors and Perversions
385
LETTER XXXVIII.
The Divine Process for the complete Formation of Mankind a
prospective and progressive one, foreseen and settled at the
Creation to be so.-Their Nature made to be improveable with
this View.-The Improvements it had always to acquire 397
LETTER XXXIX.
A Delineation of that Part of the Divine Process which was
comprised in the Formation, Establishment, and Instruction
of the Jewish Nation
404
LETTER XL.
The Divine Commands to the Jewish Nation as to their Poor.
-Reasoned Principles on the Production in Society of all its
Necessaries.-The Divine Plan has been that every Producer
is a Benefactor, and that all are conferring Benefits on each
other. It is the Duty and Interest of Society to provide the
Mechanism and the Means, that all who are in want of Em-
ployment should be furnished with it
413