เ

empecher aux diverses Tentatives qui ont été faites en Europe, pour imiter les Egyptiens. Paris, in 8vo pp. 36.

1816. Chatelain, le Chevalier, a cavalry officer. Mémoire sur les Chevaux Arabes; Projet tendant à augmenter et ameliorer les Chevaux en France; Notes sur les differentes Races qui doivent être preferees à ce sujet, &c. &c. Paris, 8vo.

1817. Bornot, M. A., a notary at Savoisy.

Pratique raisonnée de la Culture du Trétle et de Sainfoin. Paris, Svo. pp. 100.

1818. Avrouin, Foulon, mayor of Semblançay. Essai sur les defrichemens des Landes, et le desechement des Marais Tours, Svo. pp. 40.

1819. Lullin, Ch. J. M.

Des Prairies artificielles d'éte et d'hiver; de la Nourriture des Brébis, et des ameliorations d'une Ferme dans les Environs de Génère, 2d édit. revisée et considerablement augmentee. Genève, 8vo. pp. 532.

1819. Peyrouse, Baron Picot de La.

A Sketch of the Agriculture of a District in the South of France. Translation with Notes. 8vo.

1819. Villeneuve, Comte Louis de.

Essai d'un Manuel d'Agriculture ou Exposition du Système de Culture suivi pendant 19 ans dans le Domaine d'Hanterive, Commune de Cartres, Departement du Tours Toulouse, 8vo. PP. 908.

1819. Yvart, A. Victor, member of the Institute, and one of the writers in the Nouveaur Cours d'Agriculture, &c.

1. Excursion Agronomique en Auvergne, principalement aux Environs des Monts d'Or et de Puy-de-Dome; stuvie de Recherches sur l'Etat et l'Importance des Irrigations en France. Paris, 8vo. pp. 218.

2. Considerationes générale et particulières sur la Jachère et sur les meilleurs Moyens d'arriver graduellement à sa suppression avec de grand Avantages. Imprimé par ordre de la Société Royale et Centrale d'Agriculture. Paris, Sve. pp. 220. avec planches. 1822.

1820. Audouin, Maurice.

Exposé du Projet d'établissement d'une Ferme experimentale dans chaque Departement du Royaume. Paris, 8vo. Pp. 8.

1820. Crud, Le Baron E. V. B. the translator of Thaer's works from the German.

Economie de l'Agriculture. Genève, 4to. pp. 414. 1820. Deslandes.

Elemens de l'Agriculture et des Sciences qui s'y rapportent, &c. Paris, 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 600.

1821. Guillaume, Ch.

Instrumens aratoires, inventés, perfectionnés, dessinés, et gravés. Par Ch. G. Paris, oblong folio, pp. 28. avec 12 planches.

1821. Lajons, M. de, mayor of Atigat.

Abrégé elementaire d'Agriculture pratique, d'apres les principes de Rozier, Arthur Young, Duhamel, &c.; principes appliqués à la Nature du Solles Pyrenées, à sa Température, &c. Toulouse, 8vo. pp. 532. avec fig.

1822. Adamson, Madame Aglaë.

La Maison du Campagne. Paris, 3 vols. 18mo. pp. 1098. ↑

1822. Morogues, Baron de.

Essai sur les Moyens d'ameliorer l'Agriculture en France, particulièrement dans les Provinces les Moins riches, et notamment en Soulogne. Paris, 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 932.

1822. Thiery, P. J. (officier comptables du dépôt royal d'étalons de Strasbourg.)

Mémoire sur l'Amelioration des Chevaux en Alsace, par le croisement des Races et l'Education, et particulièrment sur le Moyens de les preserver de la Cécité. Memoire Couronné, &c. Strasbourg, 4to. pp. 160. 1822.

1822. Polignac, Comte Charles de.

Rapport au Roi sur les Troupeaux de pure Race, expliquant les Motifs et le Developpemens des nouveaux Principes d'Administration pratiqués dans son établissement rural de Calvados. Svo. Caen, 1822.

1823. Chaptal, Comte, a distinguished chemist and statesman, who cultivates a considerable part of his own estate.

La Chimie appliquée à l'Agriculture. Paris, 2 vols. 8vo. 1823. Bosc, Th. vice president de la Société d'Agriculture du Dents.

1. Rapport sur l'emploi du Plâtre en Agriculture fait au Conseil Royal d'Agriculture. Paris, 8vo. pp. 108.

2. Traité éleinentaire de Physique végétale appliquée à l'Agriculture. Paris, 1824. 8vo. pp. 110.

1824. Dubois, Louis.

SUBSECT. 2. Bibliography of German Agriculture.'

7113. The German agricultural works are as numerous as those of the French, but chiefly translations, and these, for the most part, from the English.

We have given a very limited selection, the German language being less generally understood than either the French or Italian. In forest management (Forstwissenschaft) the German bibliography is very rich, and it is chiefly these books, and descriptions of local practices, which can be of any interest to the British cultivator. The older German works in rural affairs are enumerated in Haller's Bibliography; and the modern ones, and new editions in Ersch's Handbuch der Deutschen Litteratur, and the Leipsic Catalogues, published annually. Thaer of Moeglin is decidedly the highest in repute as an author, and Sickler's Deutsche Landwirthschaft, a voluminous work, will give a general idea of every part of German husbandry.

1578. Heresbachius, Conradus, counsellor to the Duke of Cleve; was born in 1508, died in 1576. He wrote various theological works, besides his Rei Rustic, libri iv., which was published in 1570, and his Legum rusticarum, et operarum per singulos Menses digestæ, in 1595. The former was translated by Barnaby Gooch, of Lincolnshire, with the following title:

Foure Bookes of Hushandrie, containing the whole Art and Trade of Husbandrie, Gardening, Grafting, and Planting, with the Antiquitie and Commendation thereof. Newly Englished and increased by Barnebe Googe, Esquire. At London, 4to. 1578. Leaves 194, besides the Dedication, Epistle and Table at the beginning; and Olde English Rules in Verse for purchasing Lande, at the end.

His authorities extend from the Bible and doctors of the church, through the Greek and Roman writers, Homer, Cato, &c., to the moderns as low as Ruellius, Fuchsius, Matthiolus, Cardanus, and Tragus. He subjoins a list of his friends and others who assisted him. S. Nich. Malbee, M. Cap. Byngham, M. John Somer, M. Nicas. Yetzwert, M. Fitzherbert, M. Willi. Lambert, M. Tusser, M. Tho. Whetenhall, M. Ri. Deering, M. Hen. Brookhull, M. Franklin, H. King, Richard Andrews, Henry

SUBSECT. 3. Bibliography of Italian Agriculture.

7114. A number of Italian agricultural works have been published: such as they are, perhaps more of them are original than the books of the French or Germans, because the culture of other parts of Europe is but ill adapted for Italy. The vine, olive, mulberry, orange, and the irrigation of lands, have a good deal occupied the Italian writers. Re may be reckoned their general and popular author, and his Nuovi Elementi, 4 vols. 8vo. 1815, and Annali del Agricultura, &c. 22 vols. 8vo. to 1814, will give a good idea of Italian husbandry and gardening, the two arts in that country being for the most part combined.

1471. Crescentius, Crescenzio, or De Crescentiis, was born at Bologna about 1233; died 1320.

1. Opus Ruralium Commodorum sive de Agricultura, libri xii. Augsburg, fol.

2. De Agricultura, Omnibusque Plantarum et Animalium Generibus. Basil, 1538.

1496. Bertochus, Dionysius, of Bologna, who printed some very early works at Vicenza.

Scriptores de Re Rustica. This contains the Agricultural works of Columella, Varro, Cato, and also of Palladius, &c. 1545. Alamanni, Luigi.

Della Coltivazione. Rome. Svo.

1564. Gallo, Agostino.

1. Le dieci giornate della vera Agricoltura, e Piaceri della villa: in Dialogo. Bresc. ap. G. B. Bozzola. Ito.

2. La Vinti Giornate dell' Agricoltura, e de' Piaceri della villa. Turin, 1579. 4to.

1622. Soderini, Giovanvettorio, e Bernardo Dava

zati.

1781. Brugnone, Gio.

1. Trattato delle razze de' cavalli, col disegno della fabbrica della regia mandra di Chivasso, e quello dei pascoli e prati. Torino, in 8vo. fig.

2. Boometria, o sia della conformazione esterna del corpo delle bestie bovine, delle loro bellezze e difetti, e delle avver tenze da aversi nella loro compra. Torino, 1802, in 8vo.

3. Ippometria, o sia della conformazione esterna del Cavallo, dell' Asino e del Mulo, delle loro bellezze e difetti, e delle attenzioni da aversi nella loro compra. Torino, 1502, in 8vo. 1785. Amoretti.

1. Istruzioni pubblicate della Societa Patriottica di Milano, intorno ad alcuni quesiti della medesima proposti per l' anno 1795, in 4to.

2. Della coltivazione delle patate e loro uso. Milano, 1801, in 8vo. fig.

3. Delle Torbiere esistenti nel dipartimento d' Olona e limitrofi, e dei loro vantaggi ed usi. Milano, 1807, in 4to.

4. Coltivazione delle Api nel Regno d'Italia. Milano, 1811. in 8vo. fig.

5. Della Torba e della lignite nel Regno d' Italia, Milano, in 8vo. fig.

6. Domande relative all' Agricoltura. Mil. in 4to.
1785. Barbaro, Marco.

Esperimenti sopra il grano fermentato, ed altre agrarie scoperte. Milano, in svo.

1790. Rocca, Abbé Della, vicar general of Scyros. Traité complet sur les Abeilles, &c. i. c. A Complete Treatise on the Management of Bees, as prac.ised at Scyrus, together with an Account of that Island. Faris. Svo.

1791. Caronelli, Pietro.

1800. Livy, Cav.

Three Menioirs on Agriculture; 1. On the Use of the Alga Marina in Agriculture and in the Arts; 2. On the Treatment of Vines; 3. On the Economy of the Flour which flies away in the Mill, and during the separation of the Bran. Palermo." 1801. Simonde, J. C. L., a distinguished literary character who formerly managed an estate in the Vale of the Arno.

Tableau de l'Agriculture Toscane. Généve.
1802. Fabbroni, Adamo.

Dissertazione sopra il quesito: indicare le vere Teorie, con le quali devono eseguirsi le stime dei terreni, ec. Firenza, in Svo.

2. Della economia agraria dei Chinesi. Memoria. Venezia, 1802, in Svo.

1802. Targioni, Luigi.

1. Lezioni di Agricoltura specialmente Toscana. Firenze, vol. vi., in Svo.

2. Memorie su l'Agricoltura, la Pastorizia, e l'Applicazione dei Naturali prodotti agli usi degli abitanti dell' Italia, ed alla loro industria. Napoli, 1814, vol. ix., in Svo.. fig.

1803. Carradori, Gioachino.

Della fertilita della terra. Pisa, in 8vo.
1803. Vallée, Alexandre.

Instructions élémentaires d'Agriculture, ou Guide Nécessaire
au Cultivateur, traduit de l'Italien de Fabbroni.
1804. Ronconi, Ignazio.

Dizionario d'Agricoltura, o sia la Coltivazione Italiana, in cui si contiene la coltura e conservazione dei diversi prodotti riguardanti le terre seminative, i prati, i boschi, le vigne, ed i giardini, ec. Venezia, vol. v., in 8vo.

1805. Piacenza, Giovanni.

Nnovo metodo di fare le misure dei fieni, a che si aggiunge qual sia la migliore Agricoltura de' prati. Milano, in 8vo. 1807. Barelle, Giuseppe.

1. Della Malattia della Golpe del grano turco. Milano, in Svo. fig.

2. Saggio intorno la Fabbricazione del Cacio detto Parmigiano. Milano, 1808, in 8vo.

3. Monografia Agronomica dei Cereali del Frumento, trattato diviso in tre parti. Milano, 1809, in 8vo., con rami é tavole.

1807. Biroli, Giovanni.

1. Del riso, trattato economico rustico. Milano, 8vo. 2. Trattato di Agricoltura. Novara, 1812, vol. iv. in 8vo. con tavole.

1807. Galeotte, Francesco.

Metodo per migliorare ed accrescere l'Agricoltura nello stato di Parma. Parma, in Svo.

1807. Gautieri, Giuseppe, inspector of woods and forests to the Viceroy of Lombardy, author of a tract on forests. (See Encyc. of Gard. p. 1128.)

1. Della ruggine del Frumento. Milano, in Svo. fig.

2. Dei vantaggi e dei danni derivanti delle capre in confronto delle pecore. Mil. 1816, in 8vo.

1808. Abbate, Antonio.

Coltivazione dei Bigatti o sia Metodo pratico per farli nascere, coltivarli nei varii periodi della loro vita, è fabbricarne la semente. Milano, Svo.

1808. Re, Filippo, librarian to the Patriotic Society at Milan, afterwards in the employ of Government, at Turin, where he died in 1820 or 1821. He wrote a great number of works on rural and economical subjects.

1. Elementi di economia campestre ad uso de Licet. Milano, in Svo. carta fina.

2. Annali dell' Agricoltura del regno d'Italia cominciati In Gennajo 1809. e terminate in Giugno, 1814, fascicoli 66, for. manti 22 vol. in Svo. con circa 30 rami e tavole.

3. Del Cotone, e delle avvertenze per ben coltivarlo. Milano, 1811, in 8vo.

4. Nuovi Elementi di Agricoltura, volumi 4 in 8. Dedicati a S. A. R. Francesco IV d' Este, Duca di Modena, ec. ec.

5. Dei Letami e delle altre sostanze adoperate in Italia per migliorare i terreni e del come profittarne; Saggio. Milano, 1815, in Svo.

6. Saggio sopra la Storia e il Coltivamento dell' Erba Medica. Milano, 1817, in 8vo.

7. Saggio storico sullo stato e sulle vicende dell' Agricoltura Antica dei paesi posti fra l'Adriatico, l'Alpe, e l'Appennino, sino al Fronto. Mil. 1817. 8vo.

1807. Tupputi, D.

Reflexions sur l'Etat de l'Agriculture et de quelques autres parties de l'Administration dans le Royaume de Naples, sous Ferdinand IV., précédées d'une Introduction ou Coup-d'-ceil sur l'ancien Etat de ce Pays, et suivies d'un Mémoire intitulé, Recherches sur la Plante vulgairement nommée Storta dans le Royaume de Naples, in 8vo.

1809. Arduinio, Luigi.

1. Memoria intorno la coltura ed usi economici del Cinosuro Corakan. Mil. 8vo. fig.

2. Nuovo metodo per estrarre lo zucchero dalle canne dell' Olio di Cafrería. Padova, 1811, 8vo. fig.

1809. Tozzetti, Oct. Targ., M.D., professor of agriculture at Florence, and director of different national establishments there.

1. Dizionario dei Nomi di Botanica e di Agricoltura, LatinoItaliano e Italiano-Latino. Firenze, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Lezioni d'Agricoltura. Firenze, 6 vols. 8vo. 1810. Benetti, Santo.

L'accorto Fattor di Villa, o sia Osservazioni utili ad un fattore per il governo della Campagna e per la sopraintendenza ai Coloni. Venezia. Svo.

Il padrone contadino, osservazioni agrario-critiche. Cole. 8vo. fig.

1816. Finorchi, Anton. Maria

Regole teoriche-pratiche e rustico-legali per fare le stune dei predj rustici. Firenze. Svo.

1816. Ricci, Jacopo.

1. Catechismo Agrario. Firenze. 8vo.

2. Del vino, delle sue malattie, e dei suoi rimelj, e dei mezzi per iscoprirne le falsificazione; dei vini arancial, e della fabricazione dell' aceto. Xva.

1816. Onorati, Niccola Columella.

1. Delle patate, loro coltura, uso economico, e manera di farne il pane. Milano, 18mo.

2. Saggi di economia campestre e domestica pri dodici mei dell' anno, ad uso degli agricoltori, dei pastori, e di altra gest industriosa. 18o.

3. De Vinaccioli e del modo di estrarne l'obo, e di at vi vantaggi che si possono attenere da' medesimi. Napoli, 1818 8vo. 1817. Landeschi, Miniato.

-, parish priest of Saint

Saggio di Agricoltura, con note di Antonio Becchi. Firmat. Svo. fig.

1818. Ferrario, G. A.

L'Agente in Campagna o sia regola esperimentats per mi gliorare i prodotti d'ogni genere d' Agricoltura secondo le terre del regno d'Italia; opera accommodata all intelligenza de contadini per loro maggior profitto. Milano. Svo.

1818. Gialdi, Giuseppe.

Lezione proemiale d'Agricoltura practica ragionata. Parma.

8vo.

SUBSECT. 4. Of the Bibliography of the Agriculture of the other Countries of Europe. 7115. Germany and Britain are the only countries in Europe in which it answers to print agricultural books for the sake of the indigenous readers. In Britain education is so general among the middling and lower orders, that reading among them is a necessary convenience of life in Germany, education and reading are equally general and essential; and consequently in either of these two countries, a book will pay by its sale within the country. But this is not the case in any other European country. In France the mass of the people do not read, but books printed there pay because they are in a language more universal than any other, and perfectly understood by all men of education in Europe. Italian books pay, because they are enquired for by the agriculturists of the south of France, all Spain, and in part of Spanish America.

After the

7116. Spanish and Portuguese books on agriculture are in much too limited a demand for production The earliest Spanish author is Herrera in 1596; and there are scarcely half a dozen since. most particular researches of a book agent at Madrid, he was only able to send a list of translations, and the transactions of the Economical Society of Madrid, who have also published_Herrera's work with notes within the present century. In 1815, a professor at Madrid published Leiones de Agricultura explicadas en el Jarden Botanico, 2 tomes, 4to. An anonymous author, Disertaciones sobre varica Paasdos Agronomicos, 1 tom. 4to. Of Portuguese books we could hear of none."

117. Of Flemish and Dutch books on agriculture there are scarcely any. These languages are very limited, and every reader in Holland or Flanders understands French or German, Many works hav been published in the low countries in Latin and French, but these cannot be considered indigenous. The few Dutch works on culture belong almost all to gardening, (Encyc, of Gar, 7695.) The result of our corres pondence with Amsterdam is a Nieuwe Naamlijst van Bocken, &c., from which we see little worth taking There are several transiations from British works on culture, and French veterinary books, and 27 following seem the latest on husbandry.

Magazijn van Vaderlandschen Landbouw, door J. Kops, Commissaris tot den Landbouw, 6 doeken kompleet met register.

Aanwijzing ter verbetering van de Akkerbouw en Landhuishoukunde, in de Nederlanden, door Professor A. Bruchausen, in 2 deelen.

De Boeren Goudmijn, of kunst, om van verschillende soorten van Landerijen, het meeste nut te trekken, meer Vee te kunnen houden, en andere Wetenswaardigheden tot den Landbouw, door J. F. Serrurier en J. Kops, met platen.

7118. Of Swedish and Danish books on agriculture, there are necessarily very few; these linguages being of very limited use, and the mass of the people too poor to be able to afford to read about ordinary matters, or what they consider as already well known to them. The time such a people give ta reading will be devoted to religious subjects, heroic and romantic poetry, or history. The universes of

Stockholm and Upsal every one knows has produced some useful naturalists; some of these have written tracts on agricultural improvements, especially on planting fruit trees (Frukt-Träd) and cultivating culinary vegetables (Köchs-och Krydd). A few of such works we have enumerated in our Bibliography of Gardening (7696.), but we can scarcely find any fit to be inserted here as agricultural. The Natural and Chemical Elements of Agriculture, by Count Gustavus Adolphus Gyllenborg, a learned Swedish statesman, were translated by John Mills in 1770, and may be considered as the prototype of Davy's Agricultural Chemistry.

7119. Of Polish and Russian books on agriculture it may be easily conceived there are very few. Some translations from French works were made into the Polish language under Fred. Augustus II.; but few or none since that time; the German or French being universally understood by the reading class. Books of agriculture in the Russian language could be of little use. The only things printed in that way there are in the transactions of the Economical Society of Petersburgh, by foreigners resident there, and in Latin or German. The best informed Russian nobles read French or German like the Poles. There is an agricultural society at Warsaw, who occasionally print their transactions.

SUBSECT. 5. Agricultural Bibliography of North America.

7120. There are a few American books of agriculture, and republications there of most of our best works on the subject. Dean's New England Farmer's Dictionary, and Dwight's Travels, may be considered as giving an idea of the husbandry of that part of the country; and Roughley's Jamaica Planter, of the agriculture of the West India Islands. A number of interesting papers on the subject will be found in the transactions of the American, New York, Philadelphia, and other societies.

1764. Elliot.

Observations concerning the Fly-weevil that destroys the Wheat : with some useful Discoveries and Conclusions. (Trans, Amerie. Soc. 1. 274.)

1790. Dean, Dr.

New England Farmer's Dictionary.
1800. Destère.

La Science du Cultivateur Americain: Ouvrage destiné
aux Colons et aux Commerçans. 8vo.
1801. Bordley, J. B.

Boston, New delphia, Svo.

Essays upon the Husbandry in New England. Lond. 4to. 1779. Carver, Jonathan, Esq., born in America in 1752; died at London 1780, in great poverty.

A Treatise on the Culture of the Tobacco Plant, with the Manner in which it is usually cured, adapted to Northern Climates, and designed for the Use of Landholders of Great Britain, with two Plates of the Plant and its Flowers. Lond. Svo.

1789. Antill, Hon. Edward, Esq., of New Jersey. 1. An Essay on the Cultivation of the Vine, and the Making and Preserving of Wine, suited to the different Climates of North America. (Americ. Trans. i. 181.)

2. The Method of curing Figs; and Observations on the raising and dressing of Hemp. (16. 1. 266.)

1789. Bartram, Moses.

Observations on the Native Silk Worms of North America. (American Truns. i. 294.)

1789. Carter, Landon, of Sabine Hall, Virginia.

Essays and Notes on Husbandry and Rural Affairs. Phila1812. Barton, Benjamin Smith, M.D., professor of natural history and botany in the university of Philadelphia.

On the Native Country of the Solanum Tuberosum, or Potatoe. (Nic. Jour. xxxi. 290)

1823. Roughley, Thomas, nearly twenty years a sugar planter in Jamaica.

The Jamaica Planter's Guide; or, a System for Planting
and Managing a Sugar Estate, or other Plantations in that
Island, and throughout the British West Indies in general.
Illustrated with interesting Anecdotes. 8vo.
Higgins, Jesse, of Delaware.

A Method of Draining Ponds in Level Grounds.
Americ. Soc. vol. 3. p. 325.)

(Trane.

Greenway, Dr. James, of Dinwiddie County, in Virginia.

Of the Beneficial Effects of the Cassia Chamcrista, in recruiting worn-out Lands, and enriching such as are naturally Poor. (Trans. Americ. Soc. iii. p. 226.)

CHAP. V.

Of the Professional Police and Public Laws relative to Agriculturists and Agriculture. 7121. By Professional Police, we mean those associations which agriculturists have formed at different times and in different manners for mutual benefit or instruction; and also those institutions for the same purpose established by the legislature, or of such a nature as to be considered public, or national: by laws we allude to those special legislative enactions which affect more particularly agriculture; these are so numerous that we must refer the reader to his lawyer or law dictionary.

7122. There are few or no agricultural lodges, of the nature of those of masonry or gardening. In Scotland it would appear something of this kind had existed among ploughmen at one time, as the passwords and initial ceremonies are talked of in some of the counties by old men. In Forfar, Kincardine, Banff, &c. it is not uncommon for ploughmen, as well as various descriptions of operatives, to belong to gardener's lodges. In the southern districts where sheep farming is followed, there are some shepherd's societies for mutual interchange of experience, and aid in case of losses of such sheep as are the shepherd's perquisite: there are some ploughmen's clubs in different places, and various associations among them of the nature of benefit societies, but these do not come under the description of professional.

7123. Agricultural societies for interchange of knowledge are of modern date, but they have increased rapidly since 1794: the number at present or lately existing in the British isles, is at least equal to the number of the counties. Societies of this description