28. That of the Somaschi, but where the printers of this name exercised their art, neither Orlandi nor Santander have indicated.

29. The device of the Wechels, eminent printers at Paris and Frankfort. 30. That of Zacharias Kaliergus, who first printed at Venice in 1499, and afterwards at Rome, at the beginning of the 16th century. Mr. Beloe has given an interesting account of the labours of this learned Cretan, in his Anecdotes of Literature, vol. v. pp. 55—78, 31. The mark of Giovanni Maria Bonelli, a Venetian printer in the 15th century. Santander mentions a Manfredus de Bonello, who printed at Venice from 1491 to 1498: it is probable that G. M. Bonelli was related to him, perhaps his son, and successor. 32. The very elegant device of Johannes Veldener, a learned Dutch printer, who executed several translations. He printed first at Louvain from 1475 to 1478, at Utrecht in 1479, 1480, and 1481; whence he departed to Culembourg, in Guelderland; here, in 1483, he printed the celebrated Flemish edition of the Speculum Salvationis. His device is a double one: on the right are the arms of Louvain; on the left are those of Veldener himself, whose name appears in the centre. Our figure is copied from Lambinet, who has engraved it from the Fasciculus Temporum, Louvain, 1476, folio. See his Recherches, p. 270.

33. The device of Colard Mansion, who is supposed to have established printing at Bruges, in 1471; from the form of his types, he is supposed to have acquired his knowledge of the art in France. His earliest production is dated in 1472 or 1473. See a further account of this learned artist's labours in Lambinet's Recherches, pp. 371-393, and Santander's Dict. Bibl. du xv. Siecle, tom. i. pp. 351-353. Mansion died in 1484.

84. The device of Gerard Leeu, a celebrated Dutch printer, who exercised his art first at Gouda, from 1477 to 1484, and afterwards at Antwerp, from 1484 to 1497. This device, which is copied from Lambinet, was used by him while at Gouda: on the left are the arms of that town, and on the right are those of the printer. When Leeu settled at Antwerp, he adopted the castle gate of that city as his device. In his 8vo editions, he used one corresponding with his own name, viz. a Lion, holding on the right the arms of Antwerp, representing a Castle surmounted by two Hands, and on the left those of the Printer.

1. The device of Sixtus, (Riessinger) and Georgius, a German, who printed in partnership at Rome, in 1481 and 1483. This and the three following devices are given on the authority of Audiffredi, who has, for the first time, engraved them from the works where they originally appeared. See his Cat. Rom. Edit. Sæc. xv. p. 476.

2. Another device of Thierry Martens, of Amsterdam. See a former one of his, supra, p. xxviii. No. 18.

3. The mark of John Besicken, whose name first appears in 1489 among the printers of Basle, and in 1493 together with Sigismund Mayr. See Audiffredi, pp. 417, 418.

4. That of Andreas Fritag, a native of Strasburg, who printed at Rome in 1492 and 1493. Two productions of his press are briefly described by Audiffredi, pp. 311, 323.

SECTION II.

Monograms and Devices of early English Printers.

Explanation of the annexed Engraving.-No. IV.

1, 2, and 3. Are the marks affixed by Caxton to his publications: an account of this father of English typography is given supra, pp. 187-192.

4, 5, and 6. Are the marks used by Wynkyn de Worde; who being, in fact, Caxton's successor, adopted his devices, with some slight alterations. See a notice of Wynkyn de Worde, supra,

pp. 193-235.

7. Is the device of Richard Pynson, of whom a short account is given in pp. 193, 194, 236.

8. Is the mark of Julian Notary, of whom see p. 194.

Explanation of the annexed Engraving.-No. V.

1. Is the mark of William Faques, who was king's printer, and was probably joined in the same patent with Pynson. They both printed the act of parliament which passed in the 19th Henry VII. 1503, and in each styled themselves printers to the King. How long he had printed before, or for what subsequent period he continued to exercise his art, does not appear, as his history is very obscure. His books evince him to have been an excellent workman, and that he lived within St. Helen's. He was a member of the Stationers' Company, and died in 1511. (Nichols's Lit. An. vol. ii. p. 546.) A specimen of Faques's work, highly creditable to him, is given supra, p. 237. The sentence in his device, Melius est modicum justo super divitias peccatorum multas, is taken, with some variation, from the book of Proverbs, ch. xvi. v. 8. And that following, Melior est patiens viro forti, et qui dominat, is from Ecclesiastes, chap. vii. v. 8 (vulgate version).

2. The device of John Skot, or Scott (for he printed his name in both ways). He is supposed to have learned his art of Wynkyn de Worde, or Pynson, from the resemblance which the type and press-work of his first printed book bear to the productions of their presses. In 1521 (the date of his first book), he lived without Newgate, in the parish of St. Sepulchre, whence he afterwards removed to St. Paul's Church-Yard, and some time also in George Alley, Bishopsgate. He was a member of the Stationers' Company.

3. Is the mark of Thomas Godfray, who lived at Temple Bar in 1510, and printed many works without date; he continued in business till 1532, in which year he executed an edition of Chaucer's Works, in folio, cum privilegio rege indulto.

4. The device of John Rastall, citizen and printer. was a native of London, and received his

This learned man education at the