Afflictio, which is deriv a of-affligere, to dafh or beat down to the Earth.

to affray (RJ. 71, 3.) affright. Fre. effraier.

to affront (Cym. 92. 30; H. 58. 15; and T&C. 59, 31.) face, meet, meet in the Face, ad Frontem venire. Ital. affrontare. Affront (Cym. 100. 23.) is a Subftantive form'd from this Verb in the Senfe above-given, whose proper Meaning is-Onfet.

to atty (2. H. 6. 73, 6. T. A. 5, 1.) affure or betroth: also,-to rely or put Truft in. Fre. affier.

SPECIMEN OF THE NOTES.

ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL,

1. 10.

rather than flack it] The verb in the old editions is "lack;" but this, having no active fignification,—that is, not implying action,→→ cannot properly be oppos'd to "fir up" "flack," a reading of the three latter moderns.-is the very term the place calls for; and fo natural a correction, that he who does not embrace it, must be under the influence of fome great preposseffion.

4, 2.

O, that had! how fad a paffage tis !] Seeing Helena disorder'd; affected, as the imagines, by the mention of her father. “Passage" has no extraordinary force in this place, but means fimply-a paffing over: "how fad a paffage 'tis !" how hard to be paff'd over without emotion and forrow! 66 Play" in 1. 5, has been alter'd to—play'd ; but very unneceffarily, to fay no more of it: it is a fubflantive of known fignification, and oppos'd to another fubftantive—“ work.”

D°, 23.

her difpofitions fhe inherits, &c] The change of terms in this paffage, and the very uncommon fenfe that is put upon fome of them, have involv'd it in too much obfcurity. "Difpofitions," mean -natural difpositions; by implication, good one: and "gifts," the acquirements of education; good ones, likewise: the first he calls afterwards, "fimpleness;" and then, "bonefty" the other, with too much licence, virtuous qualities, virtues," and (finally) "goodness:" If the reader will carry this in his mind, he may be able to decypher the fpeech without a paraphrase; and will fee too the propriety of changing "their" into "her", with the Oxford editor. But it fhould not be conceal'd from him, that the speech has fome other defects befides these which are mention'd; fuch as will draw upon it the cenfure of the grammarian and logician too: the latter will fay of it, that what the Countefs is made to urge, is no fit reafon for entertaining the hopes" that she speaks of; and the other will find a relative in it, that does not belong, as it fhould, to the fubitantive nearest at hand, but to another remote one; and these circumftances too have their fhare in the fpeech's obfcurity.

5, 11.

Laf. How underfaud we that?] But the critick may fay,-he understands better the words alluded to, than he does-why Lafeu makes fo pert a remark on them: is it, for that the author would make us

timely acquainted with a branch of this amiable character,-it's unthinking and frenchman-like liveliness ?

D°, 24.

He cannot want the beft,] i. e. the best advice, better than can be given him by me, taxing modeftly his own infufficiency; the procurement of which advice, fays the fpeaker, must be the neceflary confequence of the "love" his good deferts will draw on him The third line before this, is printed thus in the folio ;-" Fall on thy bead. Farewell my Lord, The change made in the punctuation, and confequently in the addrefs, by the prefent editor, and what he has put in black character, can furely ftand in need of no words to explain or defend them: And the fame may alfo be faid of fome other changes to wit, of that in 1. 4; of the infertion, 1. 8, in this, page, and of that in the next at 1. 5, the first of which was made by the third modern.

6, 27.

Looks bleak] But wherefore not-look, fays an objector? Because "virtue's ficely bones," which it accords with, is put (poetically) for fteely-bon'd virtue. What follows, may afk a little explaining, which take in these words. "Withall," that is-Add to this, that "ifdom" (perfons of understanding) poor and thinly attir'd, may very often be feen to dance attendance on "folly" (men of flender capacities) that riots in all fuperfluity.

D°, 30.

monarch.] This word (which fhould be accented upon the ultima) alludes, fomething covertly, to a being well known in the court of queen Elizabeth; (fee the "School" in-Monarcho) but is underflood by Parolles, and occasions his reply: That of Helen, which follows it, fignifies-Nay, if you difclaim my appellation, fo do I yours. Solely a coward," fix lines above this, has the force ofand a coward,(admiringly) one that ftands alone and by himself, not to be match'd.

7. 5.

Keep him out.] The Oxford editor has here the most violent alteration that can well be conceiv'd, and the moft unneceffary; owing evidently to an opinion, that "keep out" could have no other meaning than, "barricado" which it is made a reply to: But" keep out" may mean -keep at a distance, let him not come near you: and that it is fo understood by the perfon 'tis fpoke to, is evinc'd by her reply," But be affails;" that is, he will not keep his distance, he has made his approaches, and will attack us in form.Inftead of "rational," a litthe way lower, the fame editor has-national, taking it from his predeceffor; but "rational encreafe," fignifies-encreafe of beings that have reason: And a sentence fome lines after this, "He, that hangs bimfelf, is a virgin," has been needlefly tamper'd with too: virgin," imports more than-is like a virgin, for it is the frongest mode of expreffing fimilitude; fignifying is the thing itself, guilty of the very fame crime that the is guilty of, for virginity murders itfelf; &c. The emendation, 1. 6, is found in the fourth modern

"" is a

only;

only; the other, 1. 17, in all of them, and fo is that in the opposite

page.

8, 24.

Not my virginity yet.] With thould be fupply'd from the sentence before: Not [with] my virginity yet" meaning that he would keep it a little longer; and is an evafive reply to a knavish question. The difcourfe growing fomething too rich for her, is abruptly broken off; and the fanciful paffage that follows, as abruptly begun upon : the words that introduce it, are taken from the Oxford edition, and happily chosen; the chasm as compleatly filled up by them, as was ever done by words of that fort.

10, 12.

Our remedies &c.] This fententious and rhythmical fpeech is like others of the kind in this Author, clofe, and full of words of no usual fignification. "Fated," in the nex line, means-inhabited by fates; that is, in the opinion of men: "Native," a little lower, has the fenfe of congenial; and the line it occurs in, affords a fubftantive—“ likes”—that will not be found in our amplest dictionaries. Weigh their pains in fenfe," is-calculate over-nicely, what trouble and pain of the fenfe their undertaking must put them to; and fo intimidate themselves by it, as to "Suppose," that "what hath been cannot be ;" which is certainly ground leis, for (as fhe presently subjoins) "Who ever ftrove" &c. The means fhe takes afterwards then come into her thoughts, and the leaves the scene with a declaration of trying them.

ART. III. A Series of Experiments relating to Phosphori, and the Prifmatic Colours they are found to exhibit in the Dark. By B. Wilfon, F.R.S. and Member of the Royal Academy at Upfal. Together with a Tranflation of Two Memoirs of the Bologna Acts, upon the fame Subject, By J. B. Beccari, Professor of Philofophy at Bologna. 4to. 6s. Dodsley*.

The Bologna ftone, fo remarkable for its property of fhining in the dark, having accidentally engaged the attention of the naturalifts, and given rife to a number of curious experiments, refpecting the luminous appearance of a variety of phosphori; thofe experiments have been fince defignedly extended to other fubftances; from which an unexpected exhibition of furprizing appearances of the like kind hath displayed itself to inquifitive obfervers. Among these none hath been more fuccessful, prior to our Author, than the learned Beccari of Bologna; of whofe refearches, Mr. Wilfon makes honourable mention.

"This excellent obferver, fays he, by great patience and industry, joined to very great abilities in philofophical enquiries, made many new difcoveries, which he published in two memoirs in the Bologna acts for the years 1744 and 1745, upon this fubject: from which it

* Announced in our Review for April laft.

appears,

appears that the family of phofphori have been by him extended to an amazing number. Some fhining with a greater, and others with a lefs light, after having been expofed to the fun for a few feconds, and then removed fuddenly into the dark.

"The most brilliant phofphori which he difcovered, were from linen, paper, fome earths, ftones, gums, and even the human skin: befides others, when they were properly dried or roafted. Thofe memoirs.containing fo many curious facts, and this undertaking of mine being a kind of fequel to his difcoveries, I have thought it not improper to publish a traflation of them at the end of this work: as they may ferve to illustrate each other, and render the whole of this enquiry more easy to be understood."

Mr. Wilfon proceeds to defcribe the apparatus, which differed a little from that of profeffor Beccari, and to enumerate the various experiments he made on different fubftances; beginning with thofe on paper; in the courfe of which he makes the following remark on a paffage in Dr. Priestley's Hiftory of Vision. "Dr. Priestley, in his hiftory of Beccari's difcoveries, has mentioned a very remarkable experiment. He tells us that Beccari found, that paper, after it had been made red hot, and cooled again, was an excellent phofphorus *. I must own, that upon strictest research into the work to which he refers, I have not been able to find any fuch account. Nor do I conceive in what manner paper can have been made red hot, and afterwards cooled, without being reduced to afbes. I fhould nevertheless be greatly obliged to the learned hiftorian who relates the experiment, for an explanation of his meaning, if he can point out the paffage to which his elaborate work refers."

Among other fubftances, Mr. Wilfon remarks, that there are many diamonds, and fome of different colours, which thine very well and appear lucid throughout; while others, and thofe very fine ones, give little or no light: which obfervation agrees with thofe of Mr. Boyle, Du Fay, Profeffor Beccari and others.

"I had a fingular opportunity, fays he, by the favour of Lord Pigot, of examining in the dark his exceeding fine diamond, it be ing the most valuable one in this kingdom from its water and fize, and weighing two hundred grains. The great luftre and magnitude of it, though unfet, were flattering circumstances that it would produce a confiderable phofphoric light. But our expectations were greatly difappointed by making the experiment. For instead of perceiving a brilliant photphoric appearance, we only were able to obferve light enough from it to pronounce its prefence, after it had been expofed to the fun. The degree of this light did not exceed that produced from the red and green feathers mentioned before.

Beccarius himself fufpected that many other changes in the internal ftructure of bodies were made by the light of the fun, and he was fatisfied that feveral fubftances which had the property of imbibing light, were much injured by them in that refpest. He found that paper, after it had been made red hot and cooled again was an excellent phosphorus of this kind; but he was satisfied notwithstanding his firft fufpicions to the contrary, that it was greatly injured by being expofed. to the light. Dr. Prieftley's Hift. of Vifion, Light, and Colours, p. 332. VOL. II. "The

Р

"The fame noble lord, who was extremely obliging and ready to promote the enquiry I had in hand, produced a large brilliant drop, which was alfo unfet. This diamond gave no better light than the former.

"But a large yellow diamond, fet in a ring, and which belonged to the fame nobleman, produced a very good light, that lasted several minutes.

"Some diamonds of lefs value, which were alfo fet, and some of different colours, were phofphori: but fome fhone better than others. "Two rubies, a faphire, topaz, and aqua marine, which were very large and fine in their kind, gave no light.

"The opal gave a pretty good light, but a fine emerald only an indifferent one.

"The cat's eye made as indifferent an appearance: but a very large pearl in Lord Pigot's collection fucceeded better: the light of which being nearly equal to that which paper gives without heat, and the duration of it was about twelve feconds.

"Befides thefe gems, I was favoured with several more of confiderable value by Lord Seaforth and particularly a yellow diamond that was fet tranfparently, which gave a moderate light, though it rained heavily at the time of obferving it. I mention the circumftance of transparency, because the yellow diamond belonging to Lord Pigot defcribed above, had a foil underneath it."

Mr. Wilfon proceeds to the defcription of a great number of well-conceived experiments, on the exhibition of colours, arifing from the mixture of calcarious fubftances, feverally, with folutions of copper, gold, filver, iron, tin, fulphur, vitriol, corrofive fublimate, &c.

Next follow experiments on acids without mixture; on alcaline faits; neutral falts; on metals, and a diverfity of fubftances too numerous to particularife.

During the making thefe experiments, fays our Author, I took every opportunity in my power to learn whether the prifmatic colours, in photphoric fubftances, had been difcovered by any of the learned who have written upon the fubject of phosphori. Hitherto I have not been able to make out any more than that a red light has been obferved in two or three different phofphori, and particularly in one by the celebrated Marggraaf, which is mentioned in a memoir of his printed in the Berlin acts for 1750, vol. vi. p. 156.

..

La folution d'écailles d'huitre faite dans l'efprit de nitre, précipitée par l'efprit de vitriol, & calcinée avec les charbons, donnera "une lumiere rouge."

"When I first read the account of this experiment, it appeared fomewhat fingular to me, that the phofphoric preparation therein defcribed gave only a red colour in the dark, notwithstanding it had been expofed to a charcoal fire: bat, upon a little reflection, I have fince fufpected, that the heat M. Marggraaf employed was either too violent, or too long continued; for I have frequently obferved, that the colours, which the hells exhibit, may be entirely deftroyed