à létter which he wrote exprefsly on the fubject, after his efcape from the caftle of Nantes. Thus the public remained totally igno rant of the nature both of the above-mentioned engagements, and alfo of thofe ftipulations which his eminency made, for himself and his friends, at the time when he refigned his pretenfions in form. The filence of the court on this occafion arose from a conviction that the refignation which had been thus obtained from the Cardinal was altogether invalid, and that the Pope would never ratify it, through an apprehenfion left other fecular Princes fhould, from thence, conceive a notion that they were authorized to divest a bishop of his fee at their pleasure. "The only confequence which refulted to the Cardinal from this refignation, was a change in the place of his imprisonment, having been conducted by Davanton from Vincennes to the caftle of Nantes, and delivered into the custody of the Marthal de la Meilleraye. The court had promifed that upon his removal thither, he should be waited on by his own fervants, and that his relations and friends should be permitted to vifit him, but, in fpite of thefe prontifes, he now found himfelf as clofely confined as before. "It is here to be observed, that, during the whole time of the Cardinals imprisonment, both at Vincennes and at Nantes, comprizing a period of near twenty months, the court had never laid any crime to his charge, and that no judicial procefs had been inflituted against him till after his efcape from the caftle of Nantes; which enterprize was executed in the following manner. The Abbé Rouffeau, a man of great ftrength and vigour, having procured cords for the purpofe, let his eminency down, at noon-day, from the terrace of the caftle, into a ditch which runs at the bottom of the wall, near the river; during which time the centinels who guarded his eminency were engaged in drinking a bottle of wine, which had been defignedly given them by one of the Cardinal's fervants. The more effectually to deceive the centinels, Rouffeau spread the Cardinal's outer garment, together with his red cap, on a bench which his eminency made ufe of in performing his devotions, that, feeing his garments at a diflance, they might be led to imagine, that he was then at prayers, as his valets had told them alfo, in order to prevent their approaching the fpot. "One of the Marthal de la Meilleraye's pages, who was bathing at that inftant in the river, perceiving a perion coming down, by a cord, into the ditch, left the water with all hafte, crying out, Cardinal de Retz is attempting to make his escape!" but the failors and others, who were on the fhore, paid no attention to what he faid, being fully employed in affifting a triar who was very near drowning. "His eminency was drawn out of the ditch by fome persons whom the Duke de Briffac had hired for the purpofe, and was immediately mounted on horfeback. But he had scarcely gone two hundred paces before, in turning the corner of one of the streets in the fuburb, his horfe falling, he was thrown off, and diflocated his fhoulder. The perfons who efcorted him found it very difficult to perfuade him tơ uffer himself to be remounted, although the Marshal de la Meilleraye's guards were then in fight. "All the neceffary difpofitions had been made for conducting him to Paris, where it was propofed that he should take poffeffion of the archiepifcopal palace, or, in cafe that should not be judged a fecure afylum, that he fhould fecrete himself in the fteeple of the cathedral. "But the above accident totally difconcerted all the measures which his friends had taken, and obliged himself and his attendants to fly for refage to a place near Beaupreau, belonging to the Duke of Briffac, brother-in-law of the Duke de Retz, the Cardinal's brother. "Cardinal de Retz thus made his escape from the castle of Nantes on the 8th of August, 1654, at which time the court and Cardinal Mazarin were employed in raifing the fiege of Arras, on the frontiers of Picardy, which was then invested by the Prince of Condé." From this fpecimen of the work, our readers will form no very high idea of the prefent verfion. Indeed the tranflation, on the whole, is but indifferently executed. The French idiom is in general too clofely adhered to, the fenfe fometimes miftaken, and the ftile low and inelegant*.-As to the political fentiments interfperfed throughout thefe volumes, they are for the most part fuch as tend to the depreflion of public fpirit and the propagation of paflive obedience and non-refiftance among the populace. Of thefe a fimple fpecimen to juftify our remark, will of courfe fuffice. "The animofity which thefe perfons entertained against the King's minifters muft, certainly, have prevented their reflecting, that it was God who had appointed this Prince to reign over them, and that, having been deftined, by that fupreme power, to give law to Europe, he was accountable to no one elfe for his conduct." It is to the influence of the Star, alfo, which prefided at the birth of this prince, that the fame writer attributes his fuccefs in fubduing the numerous factions, which had fprung up, under the people's hatred to Cardinal Mazarin, to disturb the beginning of his reign. But as we believe neither in the divine right of princes to do wrong, nor in the influence of the Stars on their fuccefs in enflaving their fubjects, we here difmifs the Memoirs of the Meffrs. Joli and the Dutchefs of Nemours. ART. VI. Defcription des Royaulmes D'Angleterre et D'Efcoffe. Composé par Etienne Perlin. Par. 1558. Hiftoire de L'Entree de La Reine Mere dans la Grande Bretagne. Par P. De La Serre. Par. 1639. Illuftrated with Cuts and English Notes. 4to. 5s. Payne. The two pieces, here offered to the public, contain the idea, which fome of our neighbours formed of us in the two last cen To inftance only one or two paffages, Vol. III page 264. "The whole Grêve was fill with perfons, who appeared to be no other than the populace; but, by their fobfequent conduct, they plainly proved that they were nothing less than what they appeared to be:" meaning they were very far from being what they appeared to be. Again, Vol. I. page 19., "This man had the cominand of the city guard in the quarter where he lived, called the Chevalier de Gret." But this term is that of his office and not of the quarter of the town in which he lived. VOL. II, K turies, turies. The phyfician, in the fixteenth century, thinks he cannot fet us in too contemptible a light, and with the true vanity of his nation, delivers into the hand of his master, not only this little ifland, but the whole world. The hiftoriographer, in the feventeenth, flatters us a little more, but his picture of us is only a back-ground to fet off his mistress; who, the victim of her own fierté, feeks among us a momentary protection in the arms of her fon-in-law. both writers for The one brings Perhaps we should forgive the prejudices of the fake of the anecdotes they tranfmit to us. us acquainted with fome historical particulars, the other has tranfmitted to us feveral interefting topographical ones. The anecdotes of the reigns of Edward VI. and Mary, and the elevations of old London, and fome other places, must atone for the grafiereté of Perlin and La Serre *. To this purpose the Editor, in an entertaining preface; in which, among a number of ingenious hiftorical and philological obfervationst, he gives an abftract of a little Italian piece in *Of the first of thefe writers, the Editor remarks, that he knows no more than what is to be learned from his book; that he ftudied in the Univerfity of Paris, and was an ecclefiaftic, having compofed a Latin work in a lofty fiyle, and with unparalleled induftry,' on the human body, and the diforders incident to it, dedicated to Henry II, who gave him licence to publith it. In an old catalogue of T. Ofborne's, 1758, I find, fays he, "Perlinus de variis morborum generibus, Par. 1558," octavo. The prefent tract was first printed at Paris 1558, 12mo, and the only copy ever faw was purchafed, at a high price, at Mr. Wett's fale, by John Martin, Esq. of Ham Court Worcestershire, who permitted me to tranfcribe and re-publish it. It had formerly belonged to Stephen Baluze, afterwards, 1738, to the induftrious Mr. Oldys, who had written in the margin English contents, fome of the right names, and the note x, p. 21. Ι + Perlin's book, fays our Editor, is another inftance of the difficulty of expreffing the fame founds in different languages. We can hardly forbear holding up the French to ridicule for corrupting our proper names. To thofe adduced by the editor of Hentzner, I might fubjoin from Monconnys, a lift of names of things and places, which, if found alone, might defy the united effors of all the gloffographers, from Hefychius to Du Cange: Bots, orfes, fcalars, biacs, Arondelats, Greumche, Longeuker, I Pare, Kucinfiriten, Likenfen-fils, Grefin, Morfil, Ellor, Smit fils, Ogierlen, milord Dalis. But the French are not fingular in this dignity of ignorance. We find as extraordinary perverfions of English proper names in Hentzer and the Italian above cited. The tranflator of the former has fet his travefties to rights. As neither his nor any edition of the Latin is common, I thall here prefent to my reader fome of the most striking, in their native fimplicity: Flimovolt, Flimwold. 1 ball domus a futore quodam ædificata, &c. This anfwers to Leadenhall, which was built as a granary, 1419, by Simon Eyre upholder and draper, rebuilt 1443, by John Hatherley ironmonger and mayor; and converted to a market foon after. Stowe fays nothing of a fhoemaker, whom the tranflator of Hentzner has degraded to a cobler. Boats, oars, fcullers, yachts; Arundel-house, Greenwich, Long Acre, Hyde park, Queen-fireet, Lincolns-ina-fields, Gray's-inn, Moorfields, Holborn, SmithReid, Hofier-lane, lord Hollis. Some of thefe are corrected in the 12mo, edition in 4 vols. titled, "Hiftoria delle cofe occorfe nel regno d'Inghilterra in materia del Duca di Notomberlan dopo la morte di Odvardo VI." printed at Venice, in 1558, the fame year with Perlin's book; taking in the fame period and agreeing in many respects with Bishop Godwin's account of Edward's reign. He introduces alfo a picture of English good-living by one of Perlin's cotemporaries, as a vindication of our ancestors on this head, and a comment on Perlin's sketch of the venerable Lord Warden's houfe-keeping. Our readers will probably find fome entertainment in the perufal of this defcription. "In number of dishes and change of meat the nobilitie of England (whose cooks are for the most part muficall headed Frenchmen) do moft exceed, fith there is no daie in manner that paffeth over their heads, wherein they have not onelie beefe, mutton, veale, lambe, kid, pork, conie, capon, pig, or fo manie of thefe as the feafon yeeldeth; but also fome portion of the red or fallowe deer, befide great varietie of fish and wild foule, and thereto fundrie other delicates; wherein the fweet hand of the fea-faring Portingale is not wanting. But as large feeding is not feen in their guests, no more is it in their own perfons; for fith they have dailie much refort unto their tables (and many times unlookt for), and thereto retaine great numbers of fervants, it is verie requifit and expedient for them to be fomewhat plentifull in this behalfe. The chiefe part likewife of their dailie provifion is brought in before them commonlie in filver veffell, if they be in the degree of barons, bifhops, and upwards, and placed on their tables; whereof when they have taken what it pleaseth them, the rest is reserved and afterward fent down to their ferving men and waiters, who feed thereon in like fort with convenient moderation, their reverfion alfo being bestowed upon the poore, which lie ready at their gate in great numbers to receive the fame. This is fpoken of the principall tables whereat the nobleman, his ladie, and guests are accustomed to fit; befide which, they have a certain or Grefin, Lyconfin, Gray's-inn, and Lincoln's-inn. Rattelevv, Ratcliffe. Hatzdan, Hodsdon. Bochritsch, Puckeridge. Botton, Potton. Obern, Wooburne. Leitten, Leighton. Elsberg, Ailefbury. Nittellbett, Nettlebed. To the mifnomers of the Italian already noticed, I thall just add Huulet for 'Wiat, Serosbari, Shrewsbury, Ciftre, Chichefter, and the lift of the lords who went to meet Philip at Autona [Southampton], milord Paggetto, Conte di Rottolante, milord Privifel, conte di Rondel, milord Ponfguater, il gran teforiero, milord Stranger, milord Matraverfo, milord Veitin†. Learn hence ye modern etymologifts how ye deduce the Egyptians from the Chinese, or the Patagonians from the Welth, on the ftrength of founds. See a different lift in Hollinfhed, p. 1118. K 2 dinarie dinarie allowance dailie appointed for their hals, where the chiefe officers and houfhold fervauntes (for all are not permitted by custom to wait upon their mafter), and with them fuch inferior guests do feed as are not of calling to affociate with the nobleman himself; fo that befides thefe aforementioned which are called to the principall table, there are commonly forty or threefcore perfons fed in those hals, to the great relief of fuch poor futors and strangers also as oft be partakers thereof, and otherwife like to dine hardlie. As for drinke, it is ufuallie filled in pots, gobbelets, jugs, bols of filver in noblemens houfes, alfo in fine Venice glaffes of all formes, and for want of thefe elfewhere in pots of earth, of fundry colours and moulds, whereof manie are garnished with filver, or at the leaft-wife in pewter, all which notwithstanding are feldom fet on the table; but each one, as neceffitie urgeth, calleth for a cup of drinke as him lifteth to have; fo that when he hath tafted of it, he delievered the cup againe to fome one of the standers by; who making it cleane, by pouring out the drinke that remaineth, reftored it. By this devife much idle tippling is furthermore cut off, for if the full pots fhould continually ftande at the elbow, or near the trencher, diverfe would alwaies be dealing with them; whereas now they drink feldom, and only when neceffitie urgeth, and fo avoid the note of great drinking, or often troubling the fervitours with filling of their bols. Neverthelefs, in the noblemens hals this order is not ufed, neither in any man's houfe commonlie under the degree of a knight, or efquire of great revenues. The gentlemen and merchants keepe much about one rate, and each of them contenteth himself with four, five or fix dishes when they have but fmall refort; and peradventure, but one, or two, or three at the moft, when they have frangers to accompany them at their tables. And yet their fervants have their ordinarie diet affigned, befides fuch as is left at their masters boordes, and not appointed to be brought thither the fecond time; which, nevertheless, is often feen, generallie in venifon, lambe, or fome efpeciall dish, whereon the merchantman himself liketh to feed when it is cold; or, peradventure, for fundrie causes incident to the feeder, is better fo than if it were warm or hot. To be fhort, at fuch time as the merchant do make their ordinarie or voluntarie feaftes, it is a world to fee what great provifion is made of all manner of delicat meats, from everie quarter of the countrie; wherein, befide that they are often comparable herein to the nobilitie of the land, they will feldom regard anie thing that the butcher ufually killeth, but reject the fame as not worthie to come in place. In fuch cafes alfo geliffes of all colours, mixed with a varietie in the reprefentation, of fundrie flowers, herbes, beafts, fish, foules, and fruits, and thereunto marchpaine wrought with no fmall curiofitie, tartes of diverfe hewes and fundrie denominations, conferves of old fruits forren and homebred, fuckets, codinaces, marmilats, march paine, fugar-bread, ginger-bread, florentines, wild-foule, venifon of all forts, and fundrie outlandish confection, altogether feafoned with fugar, doo generallie beare the fwaye, befides infinit devifes of our own, not poffible for me to remember.-And all eftates do exceed herein, I mean for urangeneffe and number of coftlie dishes, fo thefe forget not to |