any errors that had previously escaped were corrected; the forms not having been removed from the press after the last proofs had been taken off. By this precaution, they avoided the danger of errors (a danger of very frequent occurrence, and of no small magnitude), arising from the removal of the forms from the proof-press to the presses on which the sheets were finally worked off. Of this edition, which was ready for publication in 1806, five hundred copies were printed on imperial 4to., two thousand on royal, and three thousand on medium quarto size. In the course of printing this edition from the Cambridge copy, a great number of errors in the latter were discovered and corrected. The London edition of 1806 being exhausted, a new impression was put to press in 1810, which was completed, with equal beauty and accuracy, in 1812, and published in 1813. It will gratify the reader to know, that the edition of 1813 has been recommended by the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, to be adopted as the Standard Edition to which future editions of the English Version of the Holy Scriptures (for the use of the members of that church) are to be made conformable.-(Journal of the Proceedings of the Bishops, Clergy, and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, in a general convention held in the city of Philadelphia, from the 16th to the 24th of May, 1820, p. 54. Journal of the Convention of the same Church in May, 1823, p. 101.)

Of the various editions of the authorised English Version, published with parallel texts, those printed at Cambridge in 1837, with red borders, in two large volumes, (an unique copy of which, magnificently printed on vellum, was presented to her Majesty Queen Victoria,) also a copy in one volume quarto, and another in large octavo in 1838; and likewise the bibles printed at Oxford after that of Dr. Blayney, in 1769; and that of Bishop Wilson, are among the most copious of the larger editions. The Oxford minion octavo, which issued from the press in 1821, is one of the most commodious and correct editions that has ever been printed. The crown quarto Bible, from pica type, and the foolscap octavo Bible, from pearl type, (both published in 1838, and with marginal references) executed by Her Majesty's printers, are two of the cheapest and most beautiful books which ever issued from the press. The marginal references in these editions are rendered more distinct by their being inclosed in ruled borders. Canne's octavo edition, 1682, and Watson's, Edinburgh, 8vo. 1722, are the most valuable of the earlier pocket editions, and are all scarce and dear. The Rev. Thomas The Rev. Dr. Adam Scott's Commentary on the Bible, in 6 vols. 4to., has a very copious and judicious selection of parallel references on the plan of Canne's Bible.

Clarke's Commentary also has a similar selection of parallel texts. The pocket edition of the entire English Bible, published by Mr. Bagster in 1816, forming part of his folio polyglott and quarto tetraglott editions of the Bible, contains a new selection of upwards of sixty thousand references to passages that are really parallel. This edition has been reprinted in North America. The Oxford Bible, from ruby type, published in 1827, with Dr. Blayney's references, is also a beautiful as well as portable volume.

In 1833 various charges of inaccuracy were made against the modern editions of the authorised English version, by a Mr. Thomas Curtis, in a letter addressed to the Bishop of London. The misrepresentations of this writer were exposed and refuted, on the part of the University of Oxford, by the Rev. Dr. Cardwell, and on the part of the University of Cambridge, by the Rev. Dr. Turton (the titles of whose pamphlets will be found in a subsequent page of this bibliographical appendix). The result is, that though absolute inerrancy is impracticable in any printed book, yet all the modern editions (those, for instance, which have been printed since the year 1820) have been proved to be as correct, as unwearied and With reference to the alleged charges of inaccuracy, the incessant industry can make them. editors of an ably conducted Journal thus express themselves:-" These charges we have examined; and we assert, without hesitation or difficulty, that THE TEXT OF SCRIPTURE IN THE

1 The following short table will convey an accurate idea of the progressive increase of references to parallel texts in various editions of the Bible.

Bishop Tenison and

Lloyd's, 1699

Dr. Blayney's, 1769

}

Bishop Wilson's, 1785

6,588

885

1,527

9,000

14,629

1,409

9,857

25,895

20,357

1,417

11,371

33,145

45,190

1,772

19,993

66,955

Hewlett's Commentary, vol. i. p. *45. 4to. edit., in which Mr. H. has adopted the parallel

texts in Bishop Wilson's Bible, as being the most copious, and upon the whole well selected.

(F) 3

ENGLISH BIBLE IS NOT VITIATED BY THE modern Italics, as the charges allege; AND THAT IN ANY COPY OF THE TRANSLATION IN COMMON USE THERE IS NOTHING TO BE FOUND WHICH CAN RENDER THE TEXT OF SCRIPTURE UNWORTHY OF THE CONFIDENCE OF THE UNLEARNED....

And those classes of the community, amongst whom the Bible most largely circulates, should be told, that, in the copies which have been put into their hands, THERE IS NEITHER PERVERSION NOR OBSCURATION OF THE TRUTH. The Bibles of the Oxford, Cambridge, and London" [that is, the King's Printers'] "presses, recently issued, are most beautiful books; and certainly, in respect to the important purposes of their publication and use, MAY BE READ WITHOUT DISTRUST. We do not affirm them to be immaculate, but they afford NO GROUNDS for such imputations as those, which have been, we regret to say, so inconsiderately and so reproachfully directed against them." (Eclectic Review, Third Series, vol. ix. p. 533.)

2. The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments in the common version. With Amendments of the Language. By Noah WEBSTER, LL.D. Newhaven [Connecticut] 1833. 8vo.

This professes to be a carefully revised edition of the Received version of the Bible. "Amendments of Language" may be reduced to the three following classes:

The

1. The editor has corrected acknowledged errors in grammar. At the time the translation was made, the grammar of our language had not been studied and reduced to rules and principles as it has since been. Such errors, he has thought, might be rectified without any

imputation on the translators.

2. In the place of words now entirely obsolete, or so changed in their signification as to be obscure to unlearned readers, he has inserted words more clearly expressive of the sense of the translators.

3. For such words and phrases as offend delicacy the editor has substituted others, equally expressive of the sense of the original, but more suited to the existing state of the language. 4. No alteration has been made in passages, on which different denominations of Christians rely, for the support of their peculiar tenets.

5. An introduction is prefixed, in which "the principal alterations, made in this edition,” are stated and explained. Dr. Webster's edition is neatly printed: there is a copy of it in the Library of the British Museum. "Those who make use of this edition for reading in the family, while they will rarely be conscious of any change in the diction, will find that they read with an increased interest, and with a livelier and more distinct perception of God's Oracles." (Christian Spectator for December, 1833, vol. v. p.656.- Newhaven. [Connecticut.])

3. The Treasury Bible. First division: containing the authorised English Version of the Holy Scriptures, as printed in Bagster's Polyglott Bible, with the same copious and original selection of references to parallel and illustrative passages, and similarly printed in a centre column. Second division: containing the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, consisting of a rich and copious assemblage of upwards of five hundred thousand parallel texts, from Canne, Brown, Blayney, Scott, and others, with numerous illustrative notes. London, 1835, foolscap 8vo.; also in one volume quarto.

The

Of the Polyglott Bible above referred to, a notice will be found in p. 39. supra. quarto copies of this edition of the English Bible are printed on fine writing paper with lines in the fabric of the paper, for receiving manuscript notes. . . . . "The Treasury Bible presents the most complete and attractive apparatus for the attainment of a thorough textual knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, that has ever been presented to the studious and devout." -(Eclectic Review, Third Series, vol. xiv. p. 334.)

4. The Collateral Bible; or, a Key to the Holy Scriptures; in which the corresponding Texts are brought together in one view, and arranged in a familiar and easy manner. By William M'CORKLE, assisted by the Rev. Ezra Styles ELY, D.D., and the Rev. Gregory BEDELL, A.M. Philadelphia, 1826— 1828. 3 vols. 4to. [Containing the Old Testament.]

In this work the best marginal references are printed at large, and in connection with every passage; by which means every parallel or related phrase in the sacred volume is brought at once under the eye, so as to present the whole scope and subject of every text at a single view. On some passages the references are extremely copious. This work, which in England is extremely rare and dear, is very neatly printed and some useful tables are prefixed to the first volume.

5. The New Testament, with References under the Text in words at length, so that the Parallel Texts may be seen at one view. By the Rev. Francis Fox, M.A. London, 1722. Second Edition, 1742. 2 vols. 8vo.

87

The editor of this useful publication has given, for the most part, all the references in the then last and fullest edition of the Bible, together with a great number collected by himself; and has further added the chronology of Archbishop Usher, the marginal renderings, and several good notes on really difficult passages, together with a copious index. This work is now only to be procured at a very high price.

6. Scientia Biblica; being a copious Collection of Parallel Passages, for the illustration of the New Testament, printed in words at length, the whole so arranged as to illustrate and confirm the different clauses of each verse; together with the text at large, in Greek and English, the various readings and the chronology. London, 1825. 3 vols. 8vo.

Its design is to expound Scripture

There are copies of this work in royal 8vo. by Scripture: with this view, the different verses of the New Testament are neatly printed by themselves, in Greek and English; and below them is placed (in words at length) a new selection of parallel references, which is evidently the result of great labour and research, and is calculated to save much time and trouble to Biblical Students. The typographical execution is very neat.

7. A New Self-Interpreting Testament, containing many thousands of Various Readings and Parallel Passages, collected from the most approved Translators and Biblical Critics, including all those of the authorised Version; and set under the Text in words at length. With Introductory Arguments, concerning the Origin, Occasion, and Character of each Book; a Reconciliation of seeming Contradictions; and the Meaning and Pronunciation of Scripture Proper Names. By the Rev. John PLATTS. London, 1827. royal 4to. ; also in 4 vols. 8vo.

The plan of this work differs from that adopted in "Scientia Biblica." In the first place, the Greek text is omitted; and the parallel passages here given at length are much less numerous. selection, and to have inserted apposite texts, while he has rejected all such as were The compiler professes to have proceeded on a principle of not really parallel. Little that is new is confessedly to be found in this publication, in preparing which the editor honourably acknowledges his obligations to the previous labours of Mr. Fox (No. 5. in this section), and of Mr. Cruttwell, in his edition of the Bible with Bishop Wilson's Notes, and the various renderings of preceding translators. The introductions to each book are necessarily brief. Several genealogical tables are prefixed, and the work terminates with a reconciliation of thirty-eight seemingly discrepant passages of the New Testament, together with various miscellaneous observations for understanding it: a collection of the principal prophecies of the Old Testament relating to the Messiah and his Kingdom; the meaning and pronunciation of the New Testament Proper Names; a Table of Scripture Weights, Measures, and Time; and an Index to the New Testament History, which is copied from that usually annexed to the quarto editions of our authorised Version.

8. A Scriptural Commentary on the Book of Genesis and the Gospel according to St. Matthew, comprising the Sacred Text of these Books, with the most copious Marginal References annexed to each clause of each verse, in the words of Scripture. By the Rev. Charles Lambert COGHLAN, D.D. London, 1832. 2 vols. 8vo.

9. The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Ephesians: with Parallel Texts, printed at length. By the Rev. H. A. SIMCOE. London, 1833. foolscap 4to. These very copious parallel texts are selected from the labours of the Rev. Thomas Scott, from Mr. Platt's Self-interpreting New Testament, from Mr. Cruttwell's Concordance of Parallels, from the parallel references given in the English Version of the Polyglott Bible, published by Mr. Bagster in 1816, and from other sources.

10. A Scriptural Commentary on the first Epistle General of Peter: with an Appendix concerning the profitable reading of Scripture. By the Rev. J. E. RIDDLE, M.A. London, 1834.

Editions of the authorised English Version, the Text of which is divided into Paragraphs, according to the subject.

1. The Holy Bible: containing the Old and New Testaments, translated out of the original tongues, and with the former Translations diligently compared and revised, by command of King James I., arranged in paragraphs and parallelisms, with philological and explanatory annotations. By T. W. COIT, D.D., Rector of Christ-Church, Cambridge, [New England]. Cambridge and Boston, 1834. 8vo.

Upwards of thirty years since, John Reeves, Esq. one of the Patentees for the office of King's Printer, published several editions of the authorised version, with scholia or short notes (of which an account is given in a subsequent page); the text of which in the historical parts was printed in paragraphs and long lines, and the poetical parts in verses, as usual. A duodecimo copy of an Oxford impression of Mr. Reeves's text, printed in 1828, without notes, served Dr. Coit, as the copy for preparing his edition: but the length of his paragraphs being objected to, Dr. C. has divided the historical books into paragraphs of convenient length, regulated by the subject: and the poetical parts of the Old Testament, together with the Hymns of the Virgin Mary and of Zacharias in Luke i., are printed in parallelisms, according to the laws which regulate Hebrew Poetry. The editor has bestowed much care on the punctuation: in some instances, he has departed from the received text, of which deviation he has given notice in the very brief notes which he has furnished. The volume is very neatly executed.

2. The Paragraph Bible. The Holy Bible: containing the Old and New Testaments, translated out of the original tongues, and with the former Translations diligently compared and revised, by his Majesty's special command. Arranged in Paragraphs and Parallelisms. Lond. 1838. 8vo.

The venerable Society for promoting Christian Knowledge, and the British and Foreign Bible Society, being restricted to the circulation of editions printed with the ordinary divi sions of chapters and verses, the Religious Tract Society (instituted in 1799) have conferred upon bible-students no small favour in reprinting Dr. Coit's edition noticed in the preceding paragraph, with considerable improvements in the divisions of the paragraphs, and with additional correction and revision. The marginal renderings are printed at the foot of each page. Besides collation with the best modern editions, frequent reference has been made to the first edition printed in 1611; and various errors in punctuation, &c., which had crept in at different times, have been discovered and removed. In addition to these corrections, the editors have carefully attended to uniformity in printing, especially in the use of capital letters, in the names of the Deity, and in compound words. The typographical execution of this edition is singularly neat and accurate, and reflects the highest credit on her Majesty's Printers.

3. The Holy Bible: containing the Old and New Testaments, translated out of the original tongues, and with the former Translations diligently compared and revised. The Text of the common Translation is arranged in paragraphs, such as the sense requires; the divisions of chapters and verses being noted in the margin for reference. By James NOURSE. Boston and Philadelphia, 1836. 12mo.

Anglo-Romish Versions of the Bible.

1. The Holie Bible faithfvlly translated into English ovt of the Avthentical Latin. Diligently conferred with the Hebrew, Greeke, and other Editions in diuers languages. With Argvments of the Bookes, and Chapters: Annotations: Tables: and other helpes for better vnderstanding of the text: for discouerie of corruptions in some late translations and for clearing Controversies in Religion. By the English College of Doway. Printed at Doway by Lavrence Kellam. 1609-10. 2 vols. 4to.

2. The New Testament of Iesvs Christ, translated faithfully into English out of the authentical Latin, according to the best corrected copies of the same, diligently conferred with the Greeke, and other editions in diuers languages: Vvith Argvments of bookes and chapters, Annotations, and

other necessarie helpes, for the better vnderstanding of the text, and specially for the discouerie of the Corrvptions of diuers late translations, and for cleering the Controversies in religion, of these daies: In the English College of Rhemes. Printed at Rhemes by Iohn Fogny. 1582. 4to.

These are the first editions of the Old and New Anglo-Romish Testament; they are not often to be met with. Fine copies of them are in the Library of the British Museum.

In the year 1582, the Romanists, finding it impossible to withhold the Scriptures any longer from the common people, printed an English New Testament at Rheims : it was translated, not from the original Greek, but from the Latin Vulgate. The Old Testament was translated from the Vulgate at Douay (whence it is called the Douay Bible), in two volumes 4to., the first of which appeared in 1609, and the second in 1610. Annotations are subjoined, which are ascribed to one Thomas Worthington: the translators were William (afterwards Cardinal) Allen, Gregory Martin, and Richard Bristow, traitors to their country. This translation, with the Rhemish version of the New Testament above noticed, forms the English Bible, which alone is used by the Romanists of this country. The translators retained the words azymes, tunike, holocaust, pasche, and a multitude of other Greek words untranslated, under the pretext of wanting proper and adequate English terms by which to render them; and thus contrived to render it unintelligible to common readers. Hence the historian Fuller took occasion to remark that it was 'a translation which needed to be translated;' and that its editors 'by all means laboured to suppress the light of truth, under one pretence or other.' Our learned countryman, Thomas Cartwright, was solicited by Sir Francis Walsingham to refute this translation: but, after he had made considerable progress in the work, he was prohibited from proceeding further by Archbishop Whitgift; who, judging it improper that the defence of the doctrine of the Church of England should be committed to a puritan, appointed Dr. William Fulke in his place. By him the divines of Rheims were refuted with great spirit and ability. Fulke's work appeared in 1617; and in the following year, Cartwright's confutation was published under the auspices of Archbishop Abbot; both of them were accompanied with the Rhemish translation of the New Testament; the titles of their publications are subjoined.

(1.) The Text of the New Testament of Jesus Christ, translated out of the vulgar Latine, by the Papists of the traiterous seminary at Rheims, with arguments of Bookes, Chapters, and Annotations, pretending to discover the corruptions of divers translations, and to clear the controuersies of these dayes. With the authorised English Version, and a confutation of all such arguments, glosses, and annotations, as contain manifest impiety or heresy, treason and slander, against the Catholic Church of God, and the true teachers thereof, or the translations used in That late the Church of England. By W. FULKE, D.D. London, 1617; 1633. folio. This elaborate work first appeared in 1586, and was again reprinted in 1601. elegant scholar and pious divine, the Rev. James Hervey (though sometimes rather too candid and indiscriminate in his public recommendations of books) passed the following very just encomium on Dr. Fulke's noble performance:-He styles it "a valuable piece of antient controversy and criticism, full of sound divinity, weighty arguments, and important observations;" adding,-"would the young student be taught to discover the very sinews of popery, and be enabled to give an effectual blow to that complication of errors, I scarce know a treatise better calculated for the purpose."

(2.) A Confutation of the Rhemists' Translation, Glosses, and Annotations of the New Testament. By Thomas CARTWRIGHT. London, 1618. folio.

In 1749, a new edition of the Anglo-Romish Bible, with some alterations in the text, and many in the notes, was published from the copy of Dr. Chaloner, titular bishop of Debra, and one of the vicars apostolic of the Romish Church in England. Various other editions have been printed at different times and in different sizes.

3. The Holy Bible, translated from the Latin Vulgate: diligently compared with the Hebrew, Greek, and other Editions in divers languages; the Old Testament, first published by the English College at Doway, A.D. 1609: and the New Testament, first published by the English College at Rhemes, A.D. 1582. With Annotations, and an Historical and Chronological Index. Revised and corrected according to the Clementin Edition of the Scriptures, and approved of by the most reverend Doctor TROY, R.C.A.D. Dublin,

1816. 4to.