lowed by the laborious editor of the "Fragments" annexed to the quarto editions of Calmet's Dictionary of the Bible, and also by Mr. Vansittart in his "Observations on Select Places of the Old Testament, founded on a Perusal of Parson's Travels from Aleppo to Bagdad." Oxford and London, 1812. 8vo.

5. Oriental Customs; or an Illustration of the Sacred Scriptures, by an Explanatory Application of the Customs and Manners of the Eastern Nations. By Samuel BURDER, A.M. sixth edition. London, 1822. 2 vols. 8vo.

This is a useful abridgment of Harmer's Observations, with many valuable additions from recent voyagers and travellers, arranged in the order of the Books, Chapters, and Verses of the Bible. It was translated into German, by Dr. E. F. C. Rosenmüller, (4 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1819), with material corrections and much new matter. Such of these as were additions to the articles contained in the "Oriental Customs," have been translated, and inserted, in the sixth edition above noticed. But those articles which are entirely new, being founded on texts not before brought under Mr. Burder's consideration, are translated and inserted in

6. Oriental Literature, applied to the Illustration of the Sacred Scriptures; especially with reference to Antiquities, Traditions, and Manners, collected from the most celebrated writers and travellers, both antient and modern, designed as a Sequel to Oriental Customs. By Samuel BURDER, A.M. London, 1822. 2 vols. 8vo.

7. Oriental Customs: applied to the Illustration of the Sacred Scriptures. By Samuel BURDER, A.M. London, 1831. 12mo., and subsequent editions. This volume is designed for general readers and for young persons, as well as those of studious habits. It consists, partly of such selections from the two preceding works as are adapted for general perusal, and partly of original illustrations of the sacred Scriptures, derived from recent publications. These illustrations are methodically arranged under heads, but they follow the order of the books and chapters under each head.

8. Oriental Illustrations of the Sacred Scriptures, collected from the Customs, Manners, Rites, Superstitions, Traditions, Parabolical, Idiomatical, and Proverbial Forms of Speech, Climate, Works of Art, and Literature of the Hindoos, during a Residence in the East of nearly fourteen years. By the Rev. Joseph ROBERTS, Corresponding Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1835. 8vo.

This work "is replete with instructive matter, and in a condensed form contains more illustrations of Holy Writ than any other book we know of...... Mr. Roberts, as his predecessor in the same field, Mr. Harmer, richly deserves our thanks, and the thanks especially of those who are not able to possess many volumes illustrative of the Oriental rites and customs to be found in the Bible." (British Critic, No. xxxiv. for April, 1835. p. 453.) These illustrations supply a most important desideratum in biblical literature; they are arranged in the order of the books, chapters, and verses of the Bible, and furnish to very many difficult or obscure passages satisfactory explanations, which are not more original than they are entertaining and instructive.

9. The Eastern Mirror; an Illustration of the Sacred Scriptures, in which the Customs of Oriental Nations are clearly developed by the writings of the most celebrated travellers. By the Rev. W. FOWLER, 8vo. Exeter,

1814.

An abridgment of Harmer's Observations, and the earlier editions of Burder's Oriental Customs, with a few unimportant additions.

10. Oriental Observations, and occasional Criticisms, more or less illustrating several hundred Passages of Scripture. By John CALLAWAY. London, 1827. 12mo.

The author of this volume resided about ten years as a Missionary at Ceylon. As the usages of the Ceylonese frequently bear a resemblance to those of the Jews, he has applied them to the explanation of the Sacred Writings. He has also introduced many hints from the fourth edition of Calmet, and from the illustrations of Scripture contained in Mr. Ward's History, &c. of the Hindoos. "The notes are for the most part brief; and when suggested by the author's personal observation, interesting and to the purpose." (Eclectic Review, N. S. vol. xxix. p. 265.)

11. Oriental Fragments. By Maria HACK. London, 1828. 12mo.

12. Illustrations of the Holy Scripture, in three Parts. By the Rev. George PAXTON. Edinburgh, 1819. 2 vols. 8vo. Reprinted at Philadelphia, 1821. 2 vols. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1825, second edition, 3 vols. 8vo.

The copious volumes of Professor Paxton differ in their plan from those of Harmer and Burder, and exhibit a more ample range of subjects. Not confining his details and remarks to the several classes of objects to which their researches were directed, he has aimed to make his work a general depository of knowledge, illustrative of the text of the Bible in the several particulars of Geography, Natural History, Customs, and Manners......" These copious volumes comprise a very ample collection of materials for the illustration of the Scriptures, and are well adapted for the use of those who are engaged in the work of public religious instruction; for whose benefit they are chiefly intended by the author, having been originally prepared for the students under his care. It is, indeed, a work, which must interest and gratify every reader, who makes the intelligent perusal of the Scriptures an object of his attention." (Eclectic Review, N. S. vol. xvi. pp. 515. 521.)

13. The Truth of Revelation demonstrated by an Appeal to existing Monuments, Sculptures, Gems, Coins, and Medals. By a Fellow of several Learned Societies. London, 1832. 8vo.

"This interesting book is clearly the production of a mind pious and cultivated, enriched by science, and enlarged by various information. Adapted especially to guard the young against the too welcome theories of scepticism, it will also afford to the general reader both gratification and improvement. It chiefly consists of striking facts, deduced from the labours of modern inquiry, of allusions gleaned from literature, of memorials of past events, scattered over the relics of by-gone times, in sculptures, gems, and medals; and its object is, to apply these various materials to the illustration and establishment of the sacred records; as well as to impress the conviction, that the foundations of a scriptural hope are not to be shaken by advancing knowledge, nor ultimately injured by the rash assaults of a class of men, who, aspiring to be deemed the votaries of philosophy, give too much reason for the suspicion, that the stimulus, by which their industry is excited, is the vain expectation of some discovery adverse to the Christian religion, rather than zeal for the promotion of science. "It is full of interesting facts and observations; and one which we can cordially recommend, as adapted not less to please than to convince." (Eclectic Review. Third Series, vol. viii. pp. 14. 32.)

14. Eastern Manners illustrative of the Old Testament History. By the Rev. Robert JAMIESON. Edinburgh, 1836–38. 2 vols. 18mo.

15. The Oriental Key to the Sacred Scriptures, as they are illustrated by the existing Rites, Usages, and Domestic Manners of Eastern Nations. By M. de CORBETT. London, 1837. 18mo.

16. Twelve Lectures on the connexion between Science and Revealed Religion, delivered in Rome by Nicholas WISEMAN, D.D. London, 1836. 2 vols. 8vo. Reprinted at New York, 1837, in one volume 8vo.

This is one of the most entertaining as well as useful works which learning and ingenuity have produced, for confirming the truth of the Holy Scriptures. The lectures were first

delivered, as a course introductory to the study of theology, by Dr. Wiseman, to the pupils in the English college at Rome, an institution for the education of ministers of the Romish Communion in England. In 1835, they were repeated to a large and attentive auditory, and again at London in 1836. "We welcome this book as a valuable and interesting addition to the cumulative department of the Christian Evidences...... The book is executed in a fair and catholic spirit. It might have been expected that the author would be careful to render this work an instrument for advancing the reputation of his own system to the disparagement of others: but it is gratifying in this instance to be able to acquit him of such a design." (Congregational Magazine, March, 1838, pp. 167. 176.)

17. Illustrations of the Holy Scriptures, derived principally from the Manners, Customs, Antiquities, Traditions, and Forms of Speech, Rites, Climate, Works of Art, and Literature, of the Eastern Nations; embodying all that is valuable in the Works of Roberts, Harmer, Burder, Paxton, Chandler, and the most Celebrated Oriental Travellers; embracing also the · Subject of the Fulfilment of Prophecy, as exhibited by Keith and others. With Descriptions of the Present State of Countries and Places mentioned in the Sacred Writings, illustrated by numerous Landscape Engravings, from Sketches taken on the spot. Edited by the Rev. George Bush, Professor

of Hebrew and Oriental Literature in the New York City University. Brattleboro' [Vermont], 1836. Imperial 8vo.

This volume is avowedly compiled from the works of forty-six authors, British and foreign (but principally British). The earlier travellers, whose works were first applied by the Rev. Thos. Harmer to the elucidation of the Scriptures, as well as the more recent researches of Buckingham, Burckhardt, Dr. E. D. Clarke, Chateaubriand, Jowett, de Lamartine, Morier, Niebuhr, Porter, Rich, Roberts, Smith, and Dwight, Seetzen, Volney, and others, have all furnished materials for Mr. Bush's volume. To Mr. Roberts's Oriental Illustrations (page 390. No. 8. suprà), and to the "Landscape Illustrations of the Bible" (page 389. No. 1.), Mr. Bush has expressed himself more especially indebted. By far the greater part of Mr. R.'s admirable work, as well as of the engravings and descriptions of the " Landscape Illustrations," are incorporated in this volume, which is neatly executed. The texts illustrated are printed in larger type than the Illustrations, which are disposed in the order of the books, chapters, and verses of Scripture.

18. Holy Scripture verified: or, the Divine Authority of the Bible confirmed by an Appeal to Facts of Science, History, and Human Consciousness. By George REDFORD, D.D. L.L.D. London, 1837. 8vo.

"This work is a series of lectures, in which, if there be things that, under various shapes, have repeatedly been discussed. . . . there is likewise a body of evidence, which has rarely, if ever, been applied to the inquiry. The plan and design of the lectures are good; and the points of view, in which the truth of Holy Scripture is exhibited, are numerous and very complete." (Church of England Quarterly Review, July, 1838. p. 350.)

19. Rationalism and Revelation: or the Testimony of Moral Philosophy, the System of Nature, and the Constitution of Man, to the Truth of the Doctrines of Scripture, in eight Discourses preached before the University of Cambridge, being the Hulsean Lecture for the year 1837. By the Rev. Richard PARKINSON, B.D. London, 1838. 8vo.

This original and important volume contains an able view of the testimonies to the truth of Scripture, furnished by ethical philosophy, the intellectual powers, the ultimate destiny of the body, the relation of men to external things, the relation of men to each other, and by the relation of man to himself.

20. Scripture Costume exhibited in a Series of Engravings, representing the principal Personages mentioned in the Sacred Writings. Drawn under the Superintendence of the late Benjamin West, Esq. P. R. A., by R. Satchwell, with Biographical Sketches and Historical Remarks on the Manners and Customs of Eastern Nations. London, 1819. Elephant 4to.

21. Jewish, Oriental, and Classical Antiquities; containing Illustrations of the Scriptures, and Classical Records, from Oriental Sources. By the Rev. Daniel Guilford WAIT, LL.B. [now LL.D.] Cambridge, 1823. 8vo.

The object of this work is, to illustrate Biblical and Classical Antiquities from Oriental writings. This volume is exclusively devoted to a demonstration of the coincidence which subsists between these different departments of study: and that coincidence the author has satisfactorily shown by various examples.

22. Lettre à M. Ch. Coquerel sur le Système Hiéroglyphique de M. Champollion, considéré dans ses Rapports avec l'Ecriture Sainte. Par A. L. C. COQUEREL. Amsterdam, 1825. 8vo.

23. Essai sur le Système Hiéroglyphique de M. Champollion le Jeune, et sur les Avantages, qu'il offre à la Critique Sacrée. Par J. G. H. GREPPO, vicaire-général de Bellay. Paris, 1829. 8vo.

M.

Many of the recent discoveries in Egyptian Hieroglyphics (the clue to which was FIRST struck out by our late learned archæologist, Dr. Young) are here happily applied to the elucidation of the Holy Scriptures. In our first volume, pp. 191-193, we have given a few well-authenticated instances which corroborate the credibility of the Old Testament. Greppo acknowledges his obligations to the previous publication of M. Coquerel; which has, in fact, furnished him with some of his best illustrations. In the first part of his volume, Mr. G. gives an outline of Champollion's hieroglyphic system; and in the second part he applies it to the elucidation of various passages of the Old Testament, historical, chronological, and geographical. An English translation of M. Greppo's Essay, by Mr. Isaac Stuart, was published at Boston [Massachussetts], in 1830, in 8vo. Some valuable notes are added by his father, the Rev. Professor Stuart, of Andover.

24. Illustrations of the Bible from the Monuments of Egypt. By W. C. TAYLOR, LL.D. London, 1838. 8vo.

In the sixth edition of this "Introduction to the Critical Study of the Scriptures," published in 1828, Egyptian antiquities were for the first time (at least in this country) applied to the collateral confirmation and illustration of the Holy Scriptures. Since that date, great light has been thrown upon this interesting branch of archæology by the magnificent publications of Signor Rosellini, at Turin, and of M. M. Champollion and Cailliaud, at Paris. By the diligent study of their labours, Dr. Taylor (whose work was published while this sheet was passing through the press) has considerably extended this mode of demonstrating the historical veracity of the sacred writers, by means of the new and undesigned confirmations of their narratives, furnished by the remains of Egyptian art. Nearly three hundred texts of Scripture are more or less explained in this elegantly executed volume, and in a manner equally curious and interesting. A portion of Dr. T.'s work was published in the ably-conducted journal, "The Athenæum", in which his researches excited much and deserved attention. It is now corrected and enlarged, and is illustrated with one hundred well-executed engravings on wood; and it offers a valuable acquisition to the library of every Biblical Student.

In the Saturday Magazine for the years 1837 and 1838 there are several interesting illustrations of Scripture from the remains of Egyptian antiquity; but the most complete view of those reliques of ages long since past (in which are numerous elucidations of Scripture) will be found in the "Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians." By J. G. Wilkinson, Esq. London, 1837. in 3 vols. 8vo.

SECTION III.

TREATISES ON THE GENEALOGIES MENTIONED IN THE SCRIPTURES.

1. The Genealogies recorded in the Sacred Scriptures, according to every Family and Tribe. With the line of our Saviour Christ observed, from Adam to the Blessed Virgin Mary. By J[ohn] S[PEED]. London, 1615. 4to.

These Genealogical Tables were first published anonymously in 1611, when they were prefixed to the first edition of our authorised Version of the English Bible. They are here ascribed to the industrious antiquary John Speed, on the authority of the Biographia Bri.annica (Art. Speed).

2. Scripture Genealogy from Adam to Christ; exhibiting, in a Series of thirty-six engraved Tables, a distinct View of the Nation, Tribe, Family, Lineal Descent and Posterity of every person mentioned in the Bible, so far as they can be traced from Sacred or Profane History. London, 1817. royal 4to.

The Tables, contained in this elegantly-executed volume are an improvement upon those of Speed. To the name of each person mentioned in every table, chronological dates are affixed, on the very respectable authorities of Usher and Blair; and likewise references to passages of Scripture, where the respective names are to be found. Altogether, this a very useful and agreeable companion to the Biblical Student.

3. An Arrangement of the Genealogies in the Old Testament and Apocrypha, to which are added, from the same authorities, a Selection of Single Names and Chronological Tables of the Kings of Egypt, Syria, and Assyria: with Notes, critical, philological, and explanatory, and copious Indexes. By the Rev. Gilbert BURRINGTON, M.A. London, 1836. 2 vols. 4to.

This very elaborate work is divided into three parts, viz. The first contains the genealois of the Old Testament and Apocrypha; the second, a collection of single names mened in the Old Testament and Apocrypha, independently of those mentioned in the .ealogical tables; and the third, genealogical tables of the kings of Egypt, Syria, and Assyria, mentioned in the Bible. The whole is illustrated by copious notes, critical, philological, and explanatory, which are the result of long and laborious study; and which materially elucidate many verbal and chronological difficulties.

4. The Genealogies recorded in the Sacred Scriptures, according to

every Family and Tribe, with the Line of our Saviour Jesus Christ observed, from Adam to the Virgin Mary, [containing forty-six engraved Tables, with illustrative letter-press.] By John Payne MORRIS. [Dublin and London], 1837. small folio.

This volume consists of forty very neatly engraved plates, with illustrative letter-press. It is a very considerable improvement upon the genealogical tables published by Speed, and which are now very rarely to be met with. A copious catalogue of names occurring in the Bible terminates the volume.

5. Genealogia Sacra: or Scripture Tables, compiled from the Holy Bible. By William BERRY. London, 1819. 4to.

These tables are neatly stereotyped, and are chiefly confined to the patriarchs and descendants of our first parents, with references to the chapters and verses of the several books of the Old and New Testament, where the names are mentioned. The chronological dates are taken from Blair, Usher, and others. An alphabetical index is subjoined, which facilitates reference to this unassuming publication.

6. Jo. Michaelis LANGII Dissertationes Theologica de Genealogia Christi ex patribus secundum carnem. Noribergæ, 1703. 4to.

7. The Genealogies of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, as recorded by St. Matthew and St. Luke, critically examined, explained, defended, and reconciled to each other, and to the Scriptures of the Old Testament. By Edward YARDLEY, B.D. London, 1739. 8vo.

8. The Genealogies of Jesus Christ in Matthew and Luke explained, and the Jewish Objections removed. London, 1771. 8vo.

9. A newly-invented Table for exhibiting to the View, and impressing clearly on the Memory, the Genealogy of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, as given by St. Matthew and St. Luke: also the Difference of their Accounts explained: with Notes on the most illustrious persons from whom our Lord descended, and the Objections to Matt. i. 11, 12. answered, from all the best Commentators. By Robert Berkley Greene. London, 1822. 8vo.

This Table is ingeniously constructed; the notes exhibit, in a small compass, the result of much laborious research.

10. The Genealogy of Jesus Christ, recorded by Saint Matthew and Saint Luke, harmonised, and the apparent contradictions reconciled. By Gervas WATSON. Retford and London, 1833. 12mo.

11. Reflections on the Genealogy of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. as recorded by Saint Matthew and Saint Luke. By David BENHAM, London, 1836. 4to.

12. A Chart of the Lineal Descent of our Lord Jesus Christ. By William WHITTON, Junr. Dublin, 1836. [single sheet] folio.

SECTION IV.

TREATISES ON SACRED CHRONOLOGY.

1. Ludovico CAPPELLI Chronologia Sacra ab orbe condito ad Christum. 4to. Paris, 1655.

This work is reprinted by Bishop Walton, in the prolegomena to his edition of the Polyglott Bible.

2. Gerhardi Johannis VossII Chronologiæ Sacræ Isagoge. Hage Comi

tum 1659. 4to.

3. Annales Veteris et Novi Testamenti, à primâ mundi origine deducta ad extremum Reipublicæ Judaicæ excidium, à Jacobo USSERIO, Archiepiscopo Armachano. Geneva, 1722. folio.