SECTION III. INTRODUCTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, IN PARTICULAR. 1. AN Introduction to the BEAUSOBRE and L'ENFANT. 8vo. Reading of the New Testament, by MM. This was originally a preface to the French version of the New Testament published by MM. Beausobre and l'Enfant at Amsterdam in 1718. It has been several times printed, and is also to be found in the third volume of the Theological Tracts collected by Bishop Watson. 2. Commentatio Critica ad Libros N. T. in genere ; cum præfatione J. Gottlob CARPZOVII. Accurante J. W. Rumpæo. Lipsia, 1757. 4to. 2d edit. Critical questions of great variety and importance are here briefly but satisfactorily discussed by a reference to the writers of the greatest credit who have treated on each of them. 3. Jo. Gottfr. EICHHORN Einleitung ins Neue Testament.-Introduction to the New Testament. Leipzig, 1804-15. 3 vols. 8vo. The first volume of this work is analysed in the Critical Review, Series III. vol. x. for 1807, pp. 449-465. 4. An Introduction to the Writings of the New Testament, by Dr. John Leonard HUG, Professor of Theology in the University of Freyburgh, in Brisgau, &c. Translated from the original German, by the Rev. Daniel Guilford WAIT, LL.D. London, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. Professor Hug (who is in communion with the church of Rome) may be considered as the principal and most learned writer of that class, which has opposed itself to the scepticism and fanciful theories of some modern German Divines. His Introduction has long been held in the highest estimation on the Continent for the variety and importance of his critical researches on the New Testament. Dr. Wait has added numerous notes, chiefly derived from Jewish and Oriental Antiquities; and he has occasionally corrected the erroneous statements of Hug relative to some of the antient versions. Some parts of his work, however, evidently show that he was not sufficiently acquainted with the German language. To the first volume he has prefixed a copious preface, containing an epitome of Dr. Bertholdt's Introduction to the New Testament, in which many important topics of sacred criticism are discussed. 4 An Introduction to the Writings of the New Testament, by Dr. J. L. HUG. Translated from the German, by D. Fosdick, Jun.; with Notes by Professor Stuart. Andover [Massachusetts], 1837. 8vo. An excellent translation, which in every respect is preferable to that of Dr. Wait. 5. An Introduction to the New Testament, by John David MICHAELIS, late Professor in the University of Gottingen. Translated from the fourth edition of the German, by Herbert MARSH, D.D. 8vo. 6 vols. Cambridge, 1802. 3d edit. 1818. The first edition of Michaelis's inestimable work was published in Germany, in 1750, and translated into English in 1761, 4to.; its value is very materially enhanced by the notes of Bishop Marsh (which extend to part of the work only), who has further added a Dissertation on the Origin and Composition of the three first Gospels. The Rev. Dr. Randolph (who was subsequently Bishop of London), in 1802, published anonymously some severe "Remarks" on the "Dissertation," by way of caution to students in divinity. To these remarks Dr. Marsh replied in some "Letters," which were published in the same year, in 8vo. See an ample critique on Bishop Marsh's work, in the British Critic, (O. S.) vol. iii. p. 601-608., and vol. iv. pp. 46–54. 170-176. 6. Introduction au Nouveau Testament, par J. D. Michaelis; quatrième édition, traduite sur la troisième de Herbert Marsh, évêque de Peterborough, avec une partie de ses notes, et des notes nouvelles, par J. J. CHENEVIERE, pasteur et professeur en théologie à Genève. 4 tomes, 8vo. Genève, 1822. 7. Essai d'une Introduction Critique au Nouveau Testament, par J. E. CELLERIER, fils. Genève, 1823. 8vo. Partly a translation, and partly an analysis of Professor Hug's German Introduction to the writings of the New Testament. 8. Georgii PRITII Introductio ad Lectionem Novi Testamenti, in quâ quæ ad rem criticam, historiam, chronologiam, et geographiam pertinent, breviter et perspicuè exponuntur. 1st edit. Lipsiæ, 1704. 12mo.; 4th edit. by Hoffman, in 1737, 8vo. and reprinted, with corrections, in a large octavo volume, in 1764. "The service rendered by Carpzov to the Old Testament was performed by Pritius for the New. The improvements of his editor, Hoffman, on the original, are so considerable, that whoever purchases the Introduction of Pritius (and it deserves to be purchased by every student in divinity) must be careful in regard to the date of the title-page." (Bishop Marsh.) 9. An Introduction to the Study and Knowledge of the New Testament. By Edward HARWOOD, D.D. London, 1767-1771. 2 vols. 8vo. The learned author designed a third volume, which was to embrace the chief critical questions respecting the New Testament. This work contains a collection of dissertations, relative partly to the characters of the sacred writers, partly to the Jewish history and customs, and to such part of heathen antiquities as have reference to the New Testament. As these dissertations display great erudition, and contain much information illustrative of the New Testament, Dr. Harwood's Introduction is certainly to be recommended to the Theological Student." (Bishop Marsh.) Another experienced divinity tutor (the late Rev. Dr. Williams) has also justly remarked, that this work may be read with advantage, making allowance for the author's theological sentiments (Christian Preacher, p. 417.), which were Arian. The writer of these pages has derived many useful illustrations from Dr. Harwood's labours, in the third volume of this work. The value of Dr. H.'s Introduction would not have been diminished, if he had acknowledged his obligations to the preceding work of Pritius, to which he has been very considerably indebted. 10. A Key to the New Testament, giving an Account of the several Books, their Contents, their Authors, and of the Times, Places, and Occasions, on which they were respectively written. [By Thomas PERCY, D. D. Bishop of Dromore.] Third and best Edition. London, 1779. 12mo. The multiplied editions of this valuable little manual attest the high esteem in which it is deservedly held, as a guide for younger students. 11. Isagoge Historico-Critica in libros Novi Fœderis sacros. Scripsit Henricus Augustus SCHOTT. Jenæ, 1830. 8vo. 12. Antonii BLOCH Chronotaxis Scriptorum Divi Pauli. Flensburgi et Lipsia, 1782. 8vo. CHAPTER III. TREATISES ON THE SACRED TEXT, ITS STYLE, IDIOM, AND VERSIONS. SECTION I. TREATISES ON SACRED CRITICISM GENERALLY, AND ON THE STYLE AND IDIOM OF THE SCRIPTURES. 1. PENTATEUCHI Hebræo-Samaritani Præstantia in illustrando et emendando Textu Masorethico ostensa. Auctore Alexio à S. AQUILINO. Heidelbergæ, 1784. 8vo. 2. The Sacred Classics Defended and Illustrated, by Anthony BLACKWALL. London, 1727-31, 2 vols. 8vo. Blackwall was a strenuous advocate for the purity of the Greek style of the New Testament, which he vindicates in his first volume. The second volume, which is the most valuable, contains many excellent observations on the division of the New Testament into chapters and verses, and also on various readings. This work was translated into Latin by Christopher Woll, and published at Leipsic, in 1736. 4to. 3. De Paronomasia, finitimisque ei Figuris Paulo Apostolo frequentatis, Dissertatio Rhetorico-Exegetica. Scripsit Julius Fridericus BÖTTCHER. Lipsiæ, 1824. 8vo. VOL. II. APP. (L) 4. Jo. Theoph. BUSLAV Dissertatio Historico-Critico-Exegetica de Lingua Originali Evangelii secundum Matthæum. Vratislaviæ, 1826. 8vo. 5. Horæ Biblicæ; being a connected Series of Miscellaneous Notes on the original text, early Versions, and printed Editions of the Old and New Testament. By Charles BUTLER, Esq. Oxford and London, 1799. 8vo. The first edition of this judicious manual of Biblical Criticism was privately printed in 1797, for the author's friends. It has since been repeatedly printed in royal 8vo. with an additional volume, treating on the books accounted sacred by the Mohammedans, Hindoos, Parsees, Chinese, and Scandinavians. In 1810 M. Boulard published a French translation of this work from the edition printed at Oxford, in 1799. 6. Popular Lectures on Biblical Criticism and Interpretation. By William CARPENTER. London, 1829. 8vo. 7. Joh. Gottlob CARPZOVII Critica Sacra Veteris Testamenti. Lipsiæ, 1738. 4to. This elaborate work consists of three parts, treating, 1. On the Divine Origin, Authenticity, Divisions, and original Language of the Old Testament, the Masora, Keri, and Ketib, and the principal MSS. and Editions of the Hebrew Scriptures; -2. On the different Versions of the Old Testament, antient and modern; and, 3. A Vindication of the Hebrew Scriptures against the rude attacks of Mr. Whiston, in his Essay towards restoring the true Text of the Old Testament. Carpzov adheres to the high notions which in his time continued to prevail concerning the integrity of the Hebrew Text: but (Bp. Marsh remarks) "if proper allowance be made on this account, it will be found to be a very useful work, and replete with information on the subject of Hebrew criticism." (Lectures on Divinity, part ii. p. 133.) 8. An Elementary Course of Lectures on the Criticism, Interpretation, and Leading Doctrines of the Bible, delivered at Bristol College, in the years 1832-33. By W. D. CONYBEARE, M. A. London, 1834. 18mo. Second Edition, enlarged. 1836. 12mo. 9. An Inquiry into the Books of the New Testament. By John Cook, D.D. London, 1821. 8vo. For an analysis of this masterly treatise on Sacred Criticisın, see the Eclectic Review, (N. S.) vol. xvii. pp. 310–324. 10. J. A. DATHII Opuscula ad Interpretationem et Crisin Veteris Testamenti. Edidit E. F. C. Rosenmüller. Lipsiæ, 1796. 8vo. 11. Compendio di Critica Sacra, dei Difetti e delle Emendazioni del Sacro Testo, e Piano d'una Nuova Edizione del Dottore G. Bernardo DERossi. Parma, 1811. In this little tract, Professor De Rossi has given a very concise but interesting sketch of the state of the Text of the Hebrew Scriptures, from the earliest period to our own time; and he has subjoined an outline of his plan for a new edition of the Hebrew Bible, with select various readings. 12. EDWARDS (Thoma) Duæ Dissertationes: In priore quarum probatur, Variantes Lectiones et Menda, quæ in Sacram Scripturam irrepserunt, non labefactare ejus Auctoritatem, in rebus quæ ad fidem et mores pertinent: In posteriore vero, Prædestinationem Paulinam ad Gentilium vocationem totam spectare. Cantabrigiæ, 1768. 8vo. 13. FABRICY (Gabriel) Des Titres Primitifs de la Révélation; ou Considérations Critiques sur la Purété et l'Intégrité du Texte Original des Livres Saints de l'Ancien Testament. Rome, 1772. 2 parts 8vo. This work contains much curious learning, urged with a considerable degree of ingenuity in favour of the Masoretic system. 14. Nicolai FULLERI Miscellenea Sacra, cum Apologia contra V. Cl. Johannem Drusium. Lugd. Bat. 1622. 8vo. edit. opt. Also in the last volume of the Critici Sacri. 15. Institutes of Biblical Criticism, or Heads of the Course of Lectures on that subject, read in the University and King's College of Aberdeen. By Alexander GERARD, D.D. Edinburgh, 1808. 8vo. "Of general and elementary treatises," on sacred criticism, "there is none which is more to be recommended, either for perspicuity or correctness, than the Institutes of Biblical Criticism, published by Dr. Gerard, Professor of Divinity at Aberdeen." (Bp. Marsh.) 16. Gulielmi GESENII de Pentateuchi Samaritani Origine, Indole, et Auctoritate, Commentatio Philologico-critica. Hala, 1815. 4to. In the North-American Review, vol. xxii. pp. 274-317. there is an elaborate digest from the pen of the Rev. Professor Stuart, drawn up from this dissertation and from other philological works of Professor Gesenius, of almost every thing that is known concerning the Samaritans and the Samaritan Pentateuch. This very valuable disquisition is reprinted in the Andover Biblical Repository for 1832, pp. 681-724. 17. Gulielmi GESENII Anecdota Oxoniensia, Tomus Primus. Lipsia, 1822. 4to. This volume comprises twofasciculi, the first of which contains the Samaritan Psalms, with an Arabic version and notes: in the second fasciculus, there is a dissertation on Syriae Lexicons, with specimens of the hitherto inedited lexicons of Bar Ali and Bar Bahluli. 18. Salomonis GLASSII Philologia Sacra; qua totius S. S. Veteris et Novi Testamenti Scripturæ tum Stylus et Litteratura, tum Sensûs et Genuinæ Interpretationis Ratio et Doctrina, libris quinque expenditur ac traditur. Lipsia, 1725, 4to. Best edition. An inestimable and immortal work, than which none can be more useful for the interpretation of Scripture, as it throws an uncommon degree of light upon the language and phraseology of the inspired writers." (Mosheim's Eccl. Hist. vol. v. p. 296.) The first edition was printed at Jena in 1623, and was followed by several others at the same place, in 1643, 1663, and 1668; at Frankfort, in 1653; at Leipsic, in 1691, 1705, 1713, and at Amsterdam in 1711, all in quarto. The first and second books treat on the style and meaning of the sacred writers; the third and fourth on Sacred Grammar, and the fifth on Sacred Rhetoric. To the edition of 1705 and the subsequent impressions is annexed a treatise, by Glassius, on Sacred Logic, first published by Olearius at Jena, in 1704. A new edition of this work was published in 8vo. at Leipsic, in 1776, 1795, 1797, by the Professors Dathe and Bauer, intitled Salomonis Glassii Philologia Sacra his Temporibus accommodata. The first volume, in two parts, edited by Dathe, contains the treatises de Grammutica et Rhetorica Sacra, which are materially improved without debasing Glassius's pious and learned expositions of Scripture by his own speculations. The second volume, edited by Prof. Bauer of Altorf, contains the Critica Sacra. Glassius had adopted Buxtorf's high notions concerning the integrity of the Hebrew Text, which are properly modified in Bauer's revision of the work. The third volume contains Glassius's second book, which treats on the interpretation of Scripture: as it is frequently to be met with in a detached form, it is noticed in a subsequent page of this Appendix, among the works on that branch of sacred philology. 19. Thèse Critique sur la Langue Originale de l'Evangile selon Saint Matthieu, soutenu devant la Faculté Protestante de Montauban. Par Charles GRAWITZ. e Paris, 1827. 8vo. In this small tract, the author ingeniously contends for the Hebrew original of St. Matthew's Gospel. 20. Humphredi HODY de Bibliorum Textibus Originalibus, Versionibus Græcis, et Latinâ Vulgata Libri Quatuor. Oxonii, 1704. folio. "This is the classical work on the Septuagint." (Bp. Marsh.) The first book contains Dr. Hody's dissertation, with improvements, against Aristeas's History, which he had before published, in 1685, in opposition to Isaac Vossius's Dissertationes de Septuaginta Interpretibus, eorumque Tralatione et Chronologia: in which the latter ascribed more authority to the Greek Version than to the Original itself. In the second book, the author treats of the true authors of the Septuagint Version,- of the time when, and the reasons why, it was undertaken- and of the manner in which it was performed. The third book contains a history of the original Hebrew text of the Septuagint, and of the Vulgate Latin Version, showing the authority of each in different ages, and that the Hebrew Text has always been most esteemed and valued. In the fourth and last bock, he gives an account of the Greek Versions of Symmachus, Aquila, and Theodotion, and of Origen's Hexapla, and other antient editions: to which are subjoined, lists of the books of the Bible at different times, which exhibit a concise, but full and clear view of the canon of Scripture. 21. The Connexion between the Sacred Writings and the Literature of Jewish and Heathen Authors, particularly that of the Classical Ages, illustrated; principally with a view to evidence in confirmation of the truth of Revealed Religion. By Robert GRAY, D.D. [afterwards Bishop of Bristol.] London, 1819, in two volumes, 8vo. The first edition of this valuable work, which is indispensably necessary to the biblical student who cannot command access to all the classie authors, appeared in one volume 8vo. in 1817. A multitude of passages of Scripture is illustrated, and their truth confirmed. Classical literature is here shown to be the handmaid of sacred literature, in a style and manner which cannot fail to instruct and gratify the reader. Independently of the main object of these volumes,—the illustration of the Scriptures,-Bp. Gray's general criticisms on the classic writers are such as must commend them to the student. "The remarks " (it is truly said by an eminent critic of the present day) "are every where just, always impressed with a candid and sincere conviction of the blessing for which our gratitude to God is so eminently due, for his revealed word, whose various excellencies rise in value upon every view, which the scholar or divine can take, of what have been the best efforts of the human mind, in the best days which preceded the publication of the Gospel. There is no one portion of these volumes that is not highly valuable on this account. The praise is given which is due to the happiest fruits of human genius; but a strict eye is evermore preserved for the balance of preponderation, where the Word of Truth, enhanced by divine authority, bears the scale down, and furnishes the great thing wanting to the sage and the teacher of the heathen world. Their noblest sentiments, and their obliquities and deviations into error, are alike brought to this test, and referred to this sure standard. The concurrent lines of precept or instruction, on this comparative survey, are such as establish a sufficient ground of evidence that all moral goodness, and all sound wisdom, are derived from one source and origin, and find their sanction in the will of Him, of whose perfections and of whose glory they are the manifest transcripts." British Critic (New Series) vol. xiii. p. 316., in which journal the reader will find a copious and just analysis of Bp. Gray's volumes. 21.* Josiah and Cyrus, the two great objects of Divine Notice in the Scheme of Revelation. With illustrations and confirmations of the truth of Sacred History, and of the Accomplishment of Prophecy with respect to those Sovereigns, drawn from the Accounts of a Modern Traveller. By Robert GRAY, D.D. Bishop of Bristol. London, 1833. 12mo. 22. Bibliotheca Criticæ Sacræ, circa omnes fere Sacrorum Librorum difficultates, ex Patrum Veterum traditione et probatiorum interpretum collecta. Ab uno ordinis Carmelitarum Discalceatorum Religioso. (F. Cherubino a S. JOSEPH.) Lovanii, 1704. 4 vols. folio. In this very prolix, but elaborate work, every possible question relative to Scripture criticism is discussed and illustrated, from the writings of the fathers and most eminent divines, principally of the church of Rome. The last volume contains prefaces to the different books of the Old and New Testament, exhibiting the time when they were written, their language, authors, and respective authority, together with copious synopses of the contents of each book. 23. Commentatio, qua Linguæ Aramaicæ Usus ad judicanda et interpretanda Evangelia Canonica novis exemplis defenditur. Auctore Chr. KAISER. Erlangæ, 1823. 4to. 24. The state of the Printed Hebrew Text of the Old Testament considered. By Benjamin KENNICOTT, M.A. Oxford, 1753-1759. 2 vols. 8vo. These dissertations preceded Dr. Kennicott's celebrated collation of Hebrew MSS., and his edition of the Hebrew Bible, which is noticed in p. 7. suprà. The first dissertation, in two parts, contains a comparison of 1 Chron. xi. with 2 Sam. v. and xxiii., and observations on seventy Hebrew MSS., with an extract of mistakes and various readings. In the second, the Samaritan copy of the Pentateuch is vindicated; the printed copies of the Chaldee Paraphrase are proved to be corrupted; the sentiments of the Jews on the Hebrew text are ascertained; an account is given of all the Hebrew MSS. known to be extant; and also a particular catalogue of one hundred Hebrew MSS. preserved in the public libraries at Oxford, Cambridge, and the British Museum. Dr. Kennicott's first dissertation was translated into Latin by M. Teller, in 2 vols. 8vo. Lipsiæ, 1756. 25. Benj. KENNICOTTI Dissertatio Generalis in Hebraicum. Curavit P. J. Bruns. Brunsvici, 1783. Vetus Testamentum 8vo. |