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of an anonymous author having used in the Ethiopic the unusual Greek word aeroμa for the roof of a house, while in the Hebrew and in all the versions the word signifies a net, (that is, a lattice placed in the flat roof to light the apartment beneath, see 2 Kings i. 2.) — the learned editor concludes that this production must have been written in Greek. pears, however, that this Greek word was in use in Egypt in the second century, whence in all probability it crept into the Ethiopic language about that period. A Jew writing in Greek, would have used that word which his own Scriptures and the Septuagint had previously adopted in 2 Kings i. 2. A translator would have used the first term that suggested itself. From the prevalence of the oriental orthography of particular words, as well as from the Hebrew Scriptures being quoted instead of the Greek version, in a passage where they differ, it seems more probable that the Ascensio Isaia was originally written in Hebrew, the native tongue of the writer. (See Antijacobin Review for July 1819, vol. lvi. pp. 430, 431.)

14. Primi Ezræ Libri, qui apud Vulgatam appellatur quartus, Versio Æthiopica, nunc primum in medio prolata, et Latine Angliceque reddita a Ricardo LAURENCE, LL.D. &c. &c. Oxoniæ, 1820. 8vo.

The first book of Ezra or Esdras, as it is termed in the Ethiopic Version, forms the second book of Esdras in the Apocrypha usually annexed to the larger editions of the English Bible. A notice of its contents will be found in Vol. IV. Part I. pp. 239, 240. Dr. (now Archbishop) Laurence has the honour of being the first editor of the Ethiopic Version. The Latin Version, which accompanies it, is partly original, and in part taken from the Latin Vulgate, where this could be employed. To the Ethiopic Version are subjoined a collation of it with the Latin Vulgate, and a new English translation: the volume terminates with an elaborate critical disquisition on the author of this book, the time when he probably lived, the character and value of the Ethiopic, Arabic, and Latin versions, and the use to be made of the book in a theological point of view.

SECTION II.

APOCRYPHAL BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT.

1. CODEX Apocryphus Novi Testamenti, collectus, castigatus, testimoniisque, censuris, et animadversionibus illustratus, à Joanne Alberto FABRICIO. Partes I. et II. Hamburgi, 1703, 2 vols. 8vo.; 1719, 2 vols. 8vo. Pars III. Hamburgi, 1743. 8vo.

A curious collection of apocryphal pieces, which is not very often to be met with complete. The learned Mr. Jones made great use of it, and, in fact, translated the greater part of it in his elaborate work on the Canon of the New Testament, which is noticed in page 152. of this Appendix.

2. Auctarium Codicis Apocryphi N. T. Fabriciani, continens plura inedita, alia ad fidem cod. MSS. emendatius expressa. Congessit, disposuit, edidit, Andreas BIRCH. Fasciculus primus. Havniæ, 1804. 8vo.

3. Acta S. Thomæ Apostoli. Ex Codd. Paris. primum edidit, et adnotationibus illustravit Joannes Carolus THILO. Lipsiæ, 1823. 8vo.

4. Acta Apostolorum Petri et Pauli, Græcè ex Codd. Parisiensibus, et Latinè ex Codd. Guelpherbytanis. Nunc primùm edita, et annotationibus illustrata, à Joanne Carolo THILO. Particulæ I. II. Halæ Saxonum,

1838. 8vo.

5. Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti e Libris editis et manuscriptis, maxime Gallicanis, Germanicis, et Italicis, collectus, recensitus, notisque et prolegomenis illustratus, operâ et studio Joannis Caroli THILO. Tomus I. Lipsiæ, 1832. 8vo.

This work, when finished, will be the most complete collection of the Apocryphal Books of the New Testament. The very copious prolegomena, which are prefixed to the first volume, treat on the collections, editions, and versions of the Apocryphal Gospels. These are succeeded by the History of Joseph the Carpenter, in Arabic and Latin; the Gospel of the Saviour's Infancy, also in Arabic and Latin; the Protevangelion of James, and the Gospel of Thomas the Israelite, in Greek and Latin; the Gospel of the nativity of Mary, and the History of the nativity of Mary and of the Saviour, in Latin; the Gospel of Marcion, collected by Dr. Augustus Hahn, from antient documents, in Greek; the Gospel of Nicodemus,

in Greek and Latin; a narrative of the apprehension and death of Pilate, in Greek; a collation of the manuscript of the mutilated and altered Gospel of John (which is preserved in the archives of the Templars of St. John of Jerusalem at Paris), with Griesbach's Text. So numerous are the alterations, &c. in this Gospel, that Dr. Thilo considers it altogether as an apocryphal writing, and has therefore given it a place in his collection of the Apocryphal Books of the New Testament. The volume closes with an Apocryphal Book of the Apostle John, in Latin, which abounds with Gnostic notions; various readings and notes are placed, throughout, at the foot of each page: and, besides the general prolegomena, there is much curious prefatory matter relative to several of the pieces here printed. Dr. Thilo has discharged his arduous duties as editor, with equal industry and ability.

6. The Apocryphal New Testament: being all the Gospels, Epistles, and other pieces now extant, attributed in the first four centuries to Jesus Christ, his Apostles, and their Companions, and not included in the New Testament by its Compilers. Translated and collected into one volume, with Prefaces and Tables, and various Notes and References. [By William HONE.] London, 1820. Second Edition, 1821. Evo.

See an Analysis of this publication, with remarks, in Vol. I. Appendix, No. I. Sect. II pp. 461. et seq.

PART II.

Sacred Philology;

Or, the Criticism and Interpretation of the Scriptures.

CHAPTER I.

TREATISES ON THE CANON OF SCRIPTURE, AND ON APOCRYPHAL BOOKS.

1.

A

SCHOLASTICAL HISTORY of the Canon of the Holy Scripture; or, the certain and indubitable Books thereof, as they are received in the Church of England. By John CoSIN, D.D., Bishop of Durham. London, 1657. 4to. Second Edit. 1672. 4to.

2. Dissertation Préliminaire, ou Prolégomènes sur la Bible. Par Louis Ellies DU PIN. Amsterdam, 1701. 2 tomes, 4to.

3. A Complete History of the Canon and Writers of the Books of the Old and New Testament. By L. E. DU PIN. Done into English from the French original. London, 1699, 1700. 2 vols. folio.

4. Traité Historique du Canon des Livres de la Sainte Ecriture, depuis leur premier publication jusqu'au Concile du Trent. Par Jean MARTIANAY. Paris, 1703. 12mo.

5. Bibliotheca Sacra: sive Diatribe de Librorum Novi Testamenti Canone. Quâ primæ Sacrorum N. T. Librorum Collectionis Historiam ex antiquitatibus ecclesiasticis depromit, atque Canonem nunc vulgò receptum continere vetustissimam et genuinam illorum Recensionem ostendit, Johannes ENS. Amstelædami, 1710. 12mo.

6. Gerardi van MAESTRICHT Commentatio de Canone Scripturæ ecclesiastico, secundum seriem sæculorum post Christum natum. Bremæ, 1722. 8vo. Jenæ, 8vo.

7. A New and Full Method of settling the Canonical Authority of the New Testament. By the Rev. Jeremiah JONES. Oxford, 1798. 3 vols. 8vo.

The first edition of this elaborate work appeared in 1726, two years after the death of its learned author (a dissenting minister), who died at the early age of 31. He had previously published "A Vindication of the former part of St. Matthew's Gospel, from Mr. Whiston's Charge of Dislocations; " in which he successfully proved that our present Greek copies of that Gospel are in the same order in which they were originally written by the evangelist. "In drawing up these works he took care to consult and examine the originals, instead of satisfying himself with the quotations of other learned men. They remain as monuments of his learning, ingenuity, and indefatigable industry, and would have done credit to the assiduity and ability of a literary man of sixty. They were become very scarce, and bore a high price, when, with the liberality and zeal which reflects honour on them, the conductors of the Clarendon Press republished them at Oxford. Mr. Jones, observes Dr Maltby, has brought together, with uncommon diligence, the external evidence for the authenticity and genuineness of the canonical books; and he has, with equal ability and fairness, stated his reasons for deciding against the authority of the apocryphal." (Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary, vol. xix. p. 95.)

8. The Credibility of the Gospel History; or, the Facts occasionally mentioned in the New Testament, confirmed by Passages of Antient Authors, who were contemporary with our Saviour, or his Apostles, or lived near their time. By Nathaniel Lardner, D.D. London, Part I. 1727. 2 vols. 8vb. Part II. 1733-1755. 12 vols. 8vo. Also in the 8vo. Edition of his Collective Works, vols. 1 to 5 and in vols. 1 and 2 of the 4to Edition.

The publication of Dr. Lardner's Credibility was received with every mark of respect

and gratitude, both by members of the Church of England and Dissenters, and its reputation gradually extended into foreign countries. How deeply the present work is indebted to his laborious and accurate investigations our multiplied references will amply attest. "It is indeed an invaluable performance, and hath rendered the most essential service to the cause of Christianity. Whoever peruses this work, will find it replete with admirable instruction, sound learning, and just and candid criticism." (Dr. Kippis's Life of Dr. Lardner, Works, vol. v. p. vi. 4to. edit.) The Abbé Labouderie, in his historical notice of father Colonia (see below), justly pronounces the Credibility to be a magnificent apology for Christianity, and a chef-d'œuvre of learning and criticism.

9. A Supplement to the Second Part of the Credibility of the Gospel History, containing a History of the Apostles and Evangelists, Writers of the New Testament, with Remarks and Observations upon every Book of the New Testament. By Nathaniel LARDNER, D.D. London, 1756, 1757. 3 vols. 8vo.

This history forms the sixth volume of the 8vo. (the third volume of the 4to.) edition of Dr. Lardner's Works, and also the second volume of Bishop Watson's Collection of Tracts: it "is an admirable introduction to the New Testament," and "a storehouse of literary information, collected with equal industry and fidelity." (Bishop Marsh.)

10. Horæ Paulina; or, the Truth of the Scripture History of St. Paul evinced by a comparison of the Epistles, which bear his name, with the Acts of the Apostles. By William PALEY, D.D. London, 1790. 8vo. and numerous subsequent editions in 8vo. 12mo. and 18mo.

11. The Veracity of the Five Books of Moses argued from the undesigned coincidences to be found in them when compared in their several parts. By the Rev. J. J. BLUNT, B.D. London, 1830. 8vo.

12. The Veracity of the Historical Books of the Old Testament, from the conclusion of the Pentateuch to the opening of the Prophets, argued from the undesigned coincidences to be found in them, when compared in their several parts; being a continuation of the Argument for the Veracity of the Five Books of Moses. By the Rev. J. J. BLUNT, B. D. London, 1832.

8vo.

13. The Veracity of the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles, argued from the undesigned coincidences to be found in them, when compared, 1. With each other, and, 2. With Josephus. By the Rev. J. J. BLUNT, B.D. London, 1828. 8vo.

In each of these three works, Mr. Blunt has with singular ability newly applied and illustrated the principle laid down by Dr. Paley, in his masterly treatise entitled "Horæ Paulinæ." The ingenuity of many of Mr. B.'s sections might stand in competition with any of his predecessor's master-piece; and the clearness and liveliness of the language are such, that his works cannot be too earnestly recommended to biblical students.

14. La Religion Chrétienne, autorisée par le Témoignage des Anciens Auteurs Paiens. Par le Père Dominique de COLONIA. Lyon, 1718. 2 tomes 12mo.-Seconde Edition, revue et précédée d'une Notice Historique par M. l'Abbé Labouderie. Paris, 1826. 8vo.

This treatise, though published nine years before Dr. Lardner commenced his admirable work on the Credibility of the Gospel History, does not appear to have been known to him. The subjects discussed by Colonia are comprised in the third volume of the octavo edition of Dr. Lardner's works, from page 594 to the end, and in the fourth volume, from page 3 to page 430 of the quarto edition published at London in 1815. Father Colonia has collected together numerous important facts, which he has illustrated with many valuable remarks, though he has not always followed strict chronological order in the arrangement of his materials. His chapter on Mohammed is full of errors and ridiculous declamations. Notwithstanding all its defects, his work may be read with pleasure, even after a perusal of Dr. Lardner's volumes on the Credibility of the Gospel History; the whole of which the Abbé Labouderie has announced his intention of translating into French,

15. Historia Canonis Sacrique Textûs Novi Fœderis, à Joanne Millio in Prolegomenis ad Novum Testamentum tradita, cum Adnotationibus Danielis SALTHENII. Regiomonti, 1733. 8vo.

16. Ferdinandi STOSCH Tractatus Theologicus de Epistolis Apostolorum Idiographis; quo Apostolis, non per Amanuensis sed sua manu Epistolas suas scripsisse, luculenter demonstratur. Guelpherbyti, 1751. 8vo..

17. Ferdinandi SтOSCH AПO】TOAIKON OAOKAHPON; hoc est, Tractatus Theologicus de Epistolis Apostolorum non deperditis; quo nullam ex Epistolis ab Apostolis Jesu Christi exaratis periisse demonstratur. ningæ, 1753. 8vo.

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18. Eberhardi Henrici Danielis STOSCH Commentatio Historico-Critica de Librorum Novi Testamenti Canone. Præmissa est Dissertatio de Cura Veteris Ecclesiæ circa Libros Novi Testamenti. Francofurti ad Viadrum. 1755. 8vo.

19. Christiani Friderici SCHMIDII Historia Antiqua et Vindcatio Veteris Novique Testamenti, libris duobus comprehensi. Lipsiæ, 1775. 8vo.

An excellent treatise, in which the Canon of Scripture is most satisfactorily vindicated from the rash criticisms and assertions of Oeder, Semler, and other modern German theologians.

20. Observationes ad Illustrationem Doctrinæ de Canone Veteris Testamenti. Auctore Claudio Frees HORNEMANN. Havniæ, 1775. 8vo.

21. Lectures on the Canon of the Old Testament; comprehending a Dissertation on the Septuagint Version. By John BLAIR, L.L.D. London, 1785. 4to.

22. The Canon of the Old and New Testaments ascertained; or, the Bible complete without the Apocrypha and Unwritten Traditions. By Archibald ALEXANDER, Professor of Didactic and Polemical Theology, in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey. Princeton, 1826. 12mo. London, 1828. 12mo.

Professor Alexander published this very useful volume on the Canon of Scripture, as a Supplement to a Treatise on the Evidences of the Christian Religion, which has been very favourably received in North America. His Treatise on the Canon is avowedly compiled from the previous labours of the most eminent critics, especially Bishop Cosins's Scholastical History of the Canon of the Old Testament, and the ample collections of the impartial and indefatigable Dr. Lardner, and the learned Jeremiah Jones, whose works are noticed in the preceding page. The first part of Dr. Alexander's treatise discusses the Canon of the Old Testament; in the second part are considered the Canon of the New Testament, and the reasons for which the Apocryphal books are deservedly rejected from the Sacred Canon. To divines and students (especially in North America) who may not have access to numerous and more costly works, this treatise is a very useful and acceptable present. The London reprint is very neatly executed.

23. Censura Apocryphorum V. T. adversum Pontificios, imprimis Robertum Bellarminum: quâ, tum Divina et Canonica Sacræ Scripturæ Autoritas asseritur, solidissimæ tum variæ Quæstiones, &c. (imprimis quæ est de Duratione Monarchiæ Persicæ, et de 70 hebdomadis Danielis,) expediuntur accuratissime; Prælectionibus 250 posthumis in Academia Oxoniensi tractata, à Johanne RAINOLDO, Anglo, Academiæ Oxon. Prof. Theol. Oppenhemii, 1611. 2 vols. 4to.

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This elaborate work is now rare. Dr. Rainoldes was termed by Antony à Wood, the Oxford antiquary and biographer, "a living library and a third university.' He was one of the greatest Hebrew scholars of his age (if not the greatest); and it was at his instance that King James I. assented to the proposal of a new Translation of the Bible. In the Hampton Court Conference, as well as in this work, Dr. R. strenuously opposed the reading of apocryphal lessons in the public service of the Church.

24. WETSTENII (Joh. Rod.) Dissertatio Philologico-Theologica de Historia Susannæ. Basileæ, 1691. 4to.

25. Gottlieb WERNSDORFII Commentatio de Fide Historica Librorum Maccabæorum. Wratislaviæ, 1747. 4to.

26. De Secundo Libro Maccabæorum Dissertatio. Scripsif C. BERTHEAU, Gottinga, 1829. 8vo.

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