Professional Papers, Issue 19U.S. Government Printing Office, 1871 |
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22 per cent alumina arches artificial stone béton aggloméré blocks 7 days Boulogne Portland cement Boulogne Portland cement..1 brick burning chamber burnt calcination carbonate of lime carbonic acid cement..1 Pit sand Coarse gravel Coignet common lime powder common mortar compacted by shaking concrete Coplay cost Cracked crushing strength DRY INGREDIENTS feet Gillmore's experiments gravel and pebbles gross tons heat helices Hoffmann kiln hydraulic lime layers lime of Argentieul lime of Seilley limestone loosely measured magnesia malaxator manufacture masonry materials matrix mill mixed mixture monolithic months moulds neat cement Number portion Portland cement..1 Pit pounds produced proportions quantity of water quick-setting rammed Roman cement Rosendale cement samples sand 1 volume sand and pebbles seven days old shaken Silica slaking slow-setting square inch stiff paste stone containing stone paste strength and hardness strength of Portland tensile strength Theil thickness trituration United States bushel vitrification volume cement volumes sand walls water 6 days
Popular passages
Page 18 - ... until the result is a plastic, viscous, and sticky paste, of a peculiar character, in both its physical appearance and the manner in which it comports itself under the subsequent treatment with rammers. There would appear to be no mystery in this part of the process, yet the excellence of the beton agglomere" is greatly dependent on its proper execution.
Page 19 - ... water, the paste presents the desired degree of homogeneity and plasticity. When, for any special purpose, it is desired to introduce into the mixture a quantity of Portland cement, in order to increase the hardness or the rapidity of induration, it had better be added during the process of trituration, mixed with the requisite increment of water, so that after proper mixing the whole material will present the appearance of a short paste, or pasty powder, which is quite characteristic of this...
Page 10 - The essential conditions which must be carefully observed in making this be'ton are as follows : First. Only materials of the first excellence of their kind, whether common or hydraulic lime, or hydraulic cement, can be used for the matrix. Second. The quantity of water must not exceed what is barely sufficient to convert the matrix into a stiff, viscous paste. Third. The matrix must be incorporated with the solid ingredients by a thorough and prolonged mixing or trituration, producing an artificial...
Page 24 - A is the frame of the machine, having at the upper end the cross-pieces B, upon which are mounted the gearings, and at the lower part the cross-piece c c', upon which are fixed the rests or steps for the lower part of the helices to run in. D are the cores of the helices, upon which are fastened either continuous or interrupted blades SSS, forming the thread of the helix. Continuous blades are more generally used. K are wagon-wheels, mounted on an axle, which enable the machine to be transported...
Page 46 - ... protection to the face surfaces of the work against moderate frost, and, when the temperature ranges generally not much lower than the freezing point during the day, work may be safely carried on, if care be taken to cover over the new material at night. After it has once set, and has had a few hours to harden, neither severe frost, nor alternate freezing and thawing, has any perceptible effect upon it, and, under any and all circumstances, it is much less liable to injury from these causes,...
Page 67 - ... description of these two processes is given below. THE WET PROCESS. 114. The works in the vicinity of London employ both the white and the gray chalks of that neighborhood. Exclusive of the flint contained in them they are nearly pure carbonate of lime. The clay is procured from the shores of the Medway and Thames, and the adjoining marshes and inlets. It contains about two parts of silica to one of all the other ingredients, comprising alumina, oxide of iron, soda and kali, carbonate of lime,...
Page 47 - Yanne aqueduct, for supplying water to the city of Paris. This aqueduct, which traverses the forest of Fontainebleau through its entire length, comprises two and a half to three miles of arches, some of them as much as fifty feet in height, and...
Page 21 - ... to 2 inches thick. It is then thoroughly compacted by the repeated and systematic blows of an iron-shod rammer, until the stratum of material is reduced to about one-third its original thickness. When this is done, its surface is scratched or roughened up with an iron rake, in order to secure a perfect bond with the succeeding stratum, and more of the material ia added and packed in the same manner.
Page 47 - ... through its entire length, comprises two and a half to three miles of arches, some of them as much as fifty feet in height, and eleven miles of tunnels, nearly all constructed of the material excavated, the impalpable sand of marine formation known under the generic name of Fontainebleau sand.
Page 22 - ... agglomere, by leaving large hollows or voids in the heart of the wall, and filling them up with sand or heavy earth. Even if the voids remain unfilled, a hollow wall is more stable than a solid one containing the same quantity of material, for the reason that the moments of the forces which confer stability are greater in the former than in the latter. MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS. 29. All the machinery and appliances for making be'ton agglomere' are simple in character, and not liable to get out...