submission and surrender of arms, dictated terms which I considered equitable, and granted peace. In this I was ably assisted by Assistant Commissioner Owen, and the Civil Commissioner, Mr. Calderwood.

By these terms, which have been duly proclaimed, a new and well-defined boundary, somewhat circumscribed, was assigned to them, and the whole Tambookie people were placed under the chief control of the head of the Umtirara branch, now a minor, but whose regent, Nonesi, had remained loyal during the war, and, to avoid the danger of her people being drawn into it, had with her faithful followers migrated beyond the Bashee, until the contest should be over; this loyal portion of the tribe has now, at my invitation and permission, granted in Her Majesty's name, returned; since this peace was made, perfect good faith has been observed, not a single cattle theft has been reported, a Resident, Mr. Warner, is now living in the district, and implicit obedience is given to his instructions. Boers, as well as English farmers, now have returned to their farms, and enjoy a state of peace and security unknown to them for the last two years.

The lands, however, formerly allotted to the Tambookie Chief Mapassa, which were always too extensive for that tribe, and never adequately occupied, have been forfeited to the Crown; that chief, who has been the most guilty during the rebellion, having been killed, and the tribe nearly annihilated, has been dispersed with their own concurrence among the others, and own the paramount chieftainship of the Umtirara branch.

This has enabled me at once, and with a promise of success far beyond my most sanguine expectation, to bring into that important district a sufficiently dense population for mutual support and combined security, composed of farmers of European origin, and of both Dutch and English extraction, and thus to provide for the defence of a large portion of the eastern

* See Plan annexed.

C

frontier, north of the Amatolas, in an open plain, where a commando of 400 mounted burghers is capable of maintaining their position, and keeping the neighbouring native tribes at a distance.

A village called Queen's Town, on the Kamana, in the district of Victoria, has been already commenced; 800 applications for farms and erven, or town lots, from persons of Dutch and English origin, have been already submitted to a provisional Land Commission on the spot, of which the First Assistant Surveyor-General is a member, appointed to investigate their merit, and make the allotments; and 300 have been already located.

Many of these new frontier settlers are Boers from the more northern districts, and thereby is evinced a salutary reaction towards "treking" inwards, instead of any desire to emigrate.

As a covenant is inserted in the provisional titles to these farms and erven, to secure military organisation for self-defence, on principles of old-established colonial usage and not opposed to law, I have full confidence in the immediate efficacy and ultimate complete success of this measure. As the details are communicated in my despatch, No. 43, of the 29th November, 1852, I only advert to this subject here as a link in the progressive policy I have adhered to, and an important advantage gained towards the establishment of a lasting peace.

These things having been done, I was able to report that the war of rebellion along the whole colonial frontier was virtually at an end; but I also explained that as, in fact, according to my humble opinion, it never had been a war, properly so called, but an insurrection and rebellion of Her Majesty's subjects against the sovereign authority, there is no legitimate or recognised antagonistic power west of the Kei with which any treaty of peace can be made, and no terms can be made with outstanding rebels till they are subdued and submit. The time * See page 156. + See page 153.

for general pardon and amnesty has not yet arrived; but I trust the period is not far distant when that final act of grace may be safely and expediently proclaimed, without compromising the dignity of the Crown, or giving advantage or encouragement to the enemy, and with the attainment of all practicable ends.

7. There yet remained one rankling sore to be healed before it could be safely said that all was peace, and that the maintenance of a large force could be safely dispensed with; I allude to the protracted state of petty warfare which existed in the Sovereignty between the dependants of the paramount Basuto Chief Moshesh and a portion of the burgher population bordering on his territory, associated with certain land speculators, and who had been supported by the British Resident, who also had called in to his assistance certain petty native bands or tribes, too feeble to afford any real assistance, but who had raised exorbitant claims for their losses sustained in the cause of Government.

This war originated in disputed claims to property occasioned by any arbitrary demarcation of boundary, the justice and good faith of which is very questionable, and still remains for amicable and equitable adjustment, without which it can never be permanent.

In the meantime, violent measures and an irritating warfare having been adopted on the part of Government, and the Chief Moshesh having been denounced an enemy to the Queen, successful retaliation had been adopted on his part, and the balance of spoliation rested on his side.

I considered it indispensable that this state of warfare should be put an end to, as, till that should be done, it would be impossible to take any steps towards carrying into effect measures in respect to the future government of those countries which I believe to be now seriously contemplated by Her Majesty's Government.

Before entering the territory, I duly proclaimed that I came

to administer equal justice to all classes of Her Majesty's subjects, and commanded all to remain in their respective locations, and not to take part in any hostilities that might ensue, in order that I might restore peace without engendering new claims or animosities. Nevertheless, false expectations appear to have arisen on the part of those whom Government influence had hitherto favoured, that I should unscrupulously continue to exercise, to their peculiar benefit, might irrespective of right.

The course I did pursue has been duly reported in other despatches, and the result has proved the enforcement of a just penalty, and the restoration of peace and security of property, with every prospect of stability, unless disturbed by wilful indiscretion or evil design on the part of the colonists, who, should that be the case, are now warned that they must protect themselves from the consequences, whereby, should it be the policy of Her Majesty's Government to abandon the Sovereignty, the aborigines and the white men may now separate on good terms, and are in a fit state for an amicable and equitable diplomatic adjustment of their line of demarcation; whilst the paramount Chief Moshesh, instead of being a declared enemy, is now, and would remain, a faithful ally; and this he has evinced by exercising a salutary control over Morosi and other chieftains south of the Orange River, who, during this state of hostilities, have, as partisans in his cause, proved most troublesome on the border of the colonial district of Albert, but whose depredations have now entirely ceased.

8. I am now turning my attention to the better organisation and supervision of the Fingoe locations of Fort Peddie, Fort Beaufort, and Alice, and the establishment of a new one at some intermediate point, so that the whole extent of that part of the district of Victoria, formerly called the ceded territory,

See pages 168, 169.

between the Keiskamma and Fish Rivers, will be occupied by that warlike and faithful people, who have rendered the most willing and gallant services throughout this war.

This people show great aptitude for civilisation, and have made much progress; and as they have a mortal hatred for the Kafirs, their former tyrants, and are interested in the vigilant care of their own cattle, they will serve as the best possible barrier for the security of the colony beyond the Fish River, provided they be fairly dealt with, kept in due subordination by superintendents who speak their language, protected against colonial prejudice and injustice, and allowed to live in peace, and without infringement or breach of faith, in the allotments granted to them.

3rd. Now as to the existing state of things in respect to the eastern frontier of this part of Her Majesty's South African dominions:

The nuisance of the Waterkloof having been removed, the colonial border is almost free from marauders, and its security amply provided for by the existing mounted police, which has been reduced to the three districts of Victoria, Albany, and Fort Beaufort.

The only T'Slambie territorial chief, Seyolo, engaged in the rebellion, is a prisoner at Cape Town.

Moshesh and the Basutos, humbled by the recent chastisement, have evinced every proof of their sincerity and desire to remain at peace with the British Government, and confidence and good understanding appears to have been restored to that vast region beyond the Orange River; since the penalty was inflicted on the chief for his contumacy, not a single theft has been reported, and he has on several occasions evidenced his desire to preserve the peace and keep faith.

The Tambookie rebellion has been happily disposed of, and the forfeited portion of their territory is filling rapidly with a sturdy burgher population; upwards of 800 applications for farms or erven having been sent in, and 300 already located,