out, "no warming-pan bastard." The noblemen, with a few others, were lodged in the tower. Mr. Forster, Mr. M'Intosh, and about seventy more, in Newgate, sixty in the Marshalsea, and seventy-two in the Fleet, where we shall again meet them, along with others in the same unhappy circumstances. The rebellion was thus entirely annihilated in England, vhere its principles had been widely disseminated and carefully cherished, and where its leaders hoped to have found the most effectual support. Nor were these hopes altogether without foundation, had not the vigilance and activity of the government been greater, and the alacrity of their friends less than had been calculated upon. At the very moment when the daring attempt of Marr in the north, was expected to have drawn towards that quarter the whole attention of the government, the titular duke of Powis was committed to the tower for high treason; and warrants were at the same time issued, for taking into custody the whole leading men of the faction throughout England, which was happily the means of preserving the peace in many places of the country, and at the same time, the lives and estates of the infatuated individuals. Orders were also issued to his grace the duke of Newcastle, "to put the whole militia within his lieutenancy, the county of Middlesex, into such a posture, as to be in readiness to act at a moment's warning." He accordingly ordered, "that the several deputy lieutenants in their respective divisions and allotments, do take care, that the persons, horses, and arms, of all papists, nonjurors, and others, whom they have just reason to suspect to be disaffected to his majesty's government, be forthwith seized and secured." The deputy lieutenants, accordingly, acted with exemplary vigour and unwearied application, "holding their assemblies during the remaining part of September, and all the month of October, generally once, sometimes twice a day," in which space they apprehended above eight hundred papists and nonjurors, the most dangerous of whom, they committed to the prisons of London and Westminster. Others they admitted to bail, and the less guilty, or more insignificant, they discharged, by which means the Jacobites were kept entirely under, and the tranquillity of the metropolis was happily preserved.* The same orders, as we have already seen, were sent to all the lord lieutenants in England, who, with few exceptions, exerted themselves to the utmost. But the government was well aware, that in several places, the numbers of the disaffected, were too great, and their plans too well laid, to be frustrated by any vigilance that was not seconded by an armed force; and instead of all the regular troops being sent, as the Jacobites fondly hoped, to Scotland, where the rebellion, under the earl of Marr, had assumed such a formidable aspect, they were dispersed over the country, particularly the western counties, where the greatest preparations had been made, and where foreign aid was confidently expected, so as that a considerable number of them could be drawn together, without either loss of time, or extraordinary exertion on their part. The officers upon half-pay too, were distributed in the same cautious manner, so as to be not only assisting in training the militia, but also in encouraging and directing the gentry, on any sudden emergency. Bristol and Bath were at this time particularly devoted to the cause of the chevalier. At the latter of these places, his friends had formed a considerable depot of arms and artillery, and they had laid a plot for seizing and converting the former to the same use, though it was garrisoned by a considerable body of troops. Bristol, however, was secured, in consequence of a judicious movement, by the earl of Berkeley; and general Wade unexpectedly entered Bath, where he seized a number of the conspirators, whom he sent prisoners to London. Two hundred horses, which they had provided, also fell into his hands, together with eleven chests of fire-arms, a hogshead of swords, and another of cartouches, three pieces of cannon, one mortar, and a number of articles that were mistaken for mortar and cannon moulds, which it was supposed, they had procured for the purpose of casting cannon and mortars. These * Complete History of the Rebellion, p. 30. + Parker's Military Memoirs, p. 263. moulds, however, were afterwards restored, as they were said to belong to some mills for brass founding, that were building in the neighbourhood.* Oxford, which, though reckoned the right eye of England, was at this time, sadly darkened by the films of legitimacy, received also an unexpected visit from general Pepper, who, with a regiment of dragoons, was despatched in quest of colonel Owen-who had inlisted a complete regiment, composed of students, for the service of the pretender-and some broken officers and papists, who had taken refuge there, and were meditating an insurrection in favour of their Jacobite brethren of Bath and Bristol. General Pepper took every possible precaution, to come upon the Oxonians unawares. He first directed his march towards Bath, but after nightfall turned in upon Oxford, where he arrived just as the gates were opened in the morning. All the avenues to the city he secured, and all the public houses of note, after which, he sent for the mayor of the city, and the vice-chancellor of the university, who promised to assist him in the object of his mission. Upon the alarm being given, however, colonel Owen made his escape, by leaping over a garden wall; but a number of his associates, several of whom were afterwards executed at Tyburn, were secured, and, among others, one who pretended to be a postman, in the lining of whose coat were found letters he had just brought from the Bristol and Bath conspirators. Two fine horses with rich furniture belonging to colonel Owen, and which had formerly been the property of the duke of Ormond, were also secured by the general, with the horses and warlike accoutrements of several other officers. He had scarcely left the town, however, when a new scene of rioting commenced, in which the chevalier was proclaimed at the market-place, on the twenty-seventh of October; but it was done in the dark, and amidst a crowd, so that it was not discovered who had done it. A regiment of foot, was, therefore, sent to quarter at Oxford, and there was, for a time, a pause in its zeal for James.† Rae's History of the Rebellion, p. 216. + Parker's Military Memoirs, p. 267. Rae's History of the Rebellion, pp. 246, 247. It was from these, and other quarters of less notoriety, that the many thousands were expected, by the promise of which the English gentlemen decoyed the Scots out of their own country, and it was in consequence of these vigorous measures on the part of government, that both were so completely disappointed. Want of talent was, indeed, conspicuous in the leaders of this confederacy, from the lowest to the highest of them; yet this want of talent was not discovered in the route they pursued, but in the manner they pursued it. England, sooner or later, they must have entered in order to carry out their plan; a great part of it too they behoved to conquer before their scheme could be completed, and they were much likelier to do this by bringing up the whole strength of their friends at once, than by a protracted warfare. The march back into Scotland, proposed by lord Winton, and so strenuously supported by brigadier M'Intosh, which has been lavishly commended for its wisdom by the most of those who have narrated the events of that period, though it might have protracted, could not have altered their fate. The pretence of joining Marr, could have concealed neither from their friends nor their enemies, that they were in reality retreating, which must have paralyzed the former, and greatly invigorated the latter. In short, considering that they knew their friends to be on the eve of rising generally through England, or rather, that they believed them to be already risen, it would have been the most palpable folly, not to say treachery, and a flying from fortune, when she was prepared to shower down the fruit of all their wishes upon them, and this without any certainty that they should accomplish what was intended by their retreating. They were, in a great measure, destitute of supplies, and they had the counties of Dumfries, Ayr, Lanark, and Renfrew before them, populous counties to be sure, but that population hostile to them and their cause, almost to a man; while general Carpenter, with an army, composed of regular troops, nearly as numerous as their own, was so close upon their heels, that they could have engaged in no action of any consequence without having him upon their rear. They could not have reached the earl of Marr's camp, or come in contact with Argyle, but they must have brought general Carpenter along with them, and, from the spirit of the country they had to pass through, and the preparations that had been there made, with a force double to their own. Nor did Marr already more want their aid in any such form. He had men than he could easily find sustenance for, or employ to any useful purpose. He was perfectly aware of the importance of a rising in England, without which, that of Scotland behoved in the end to be worse than in vain. To promote that rising, he had parted with the very flower of his army, and to prevent them from meeting with any interruption, while their new born energies were only developing themselves, he had made much noise, and almost every possible demonstration, save that of coming into actual contact with Argyle-of which he appears to have had a kind of prophetic dread-that the most fertile brain could have suggested; and there was wisdom in so doing. Indeed, this is the only part of his conduct that appears marked by common sense. Instead of sending M'Intosh with a part, had he himself dashed across the Forth with his whole army, which there was nothing to prevent him from doing, but the suggestions of his own timidity, taken Edinburgh by the way, which would scarcely have retarded his march, and burst into the heart of England with his twelve or sixteen thousand followers, he might have found himself master of the kingdom sooner than he was able to believe it The zeal of the English tories, which Forster acknowledged was high enough in the evening, would not have ebbed so wofully in the morning, had they seen any probability of being supported; and, covered by such an army, their numbers would probably have been found much more overwhelming than has ever yet been suspected. But it was ignorance and perverse imbecility which lost the throne to the Stuarts at first, and the same ignorance, and the same imbecility, marred all their attempts to regain it. From a variety of causes, but chiefly because among her rude and tyrannical chieftains, they still found some to sympathize with their ideas of darling prerogative, they clung particularly to Scotland, where the hope of favour, or the expectation of plunder, could at any time bring a number of barbarian hordes into the field; but they entirely overlooked, or rather did not comprehend the total change that had taken place in her relative circumstances, in consequence of which, her political in |