TO THE MEMORY OF MR. OLDHAM.

JOHN OLDHAM, who, from the keenness of his satirical poetry, justly acquired the title of the English Juvenal, was born at Shipton, in Gloucestershire, where his father was a clergyman, on 9th August 1653. About 1678 he was an usher in the free school of Croydon; but having already distinguished himself by several pieces of poetry, and particularly by four severe satirical invectives against the order of Jesuits, then obnoxious on account of the Popish Plot, he quitted that mean situation to become tutor to the family of Sir Edward Theveland, and afterwards to a son of Sir William Hickes. Shortly after he seems to have resigned all employment except the unthrifty trade of poetry. When Oldham entered upon this career, he settled of course in the metropolis, where his genius recommended him to the company of the first wits, and to the friendship of Dryden. He did not long enjoy the pleasures of such a life, nor did he live to experience the uncertainties, and disappointment, and reverses, with which, above all others, it abounds. Being seized with the small-pox, while visiting at the seat of his patron, William, Earl of Kingston, he died of that disease on the 9th December 1683, in the thirtieth year of his age.

His "Remains," in verse and prose, were soon afterwards published, with elegies and recommendatory verses prefixed by Tate, Flatman, Durfey, Gould, Andrews, and others. the applause of Dryden, expressed in the following lines, was worth all the tame panegyrics of other contemporary bards. It appears, among the others, in "Oldham's Remains," London, 1683.

TO THE MEMORY OF MR. OLDHAM.

FAREWELL, too little, and too lately known,
Whom I began to think, and call my own:
For sure our souls were near allied, and thine
Cast in the same poetic mould with mine.
One common note on either lyre did strike,
And knaves and fools we both abhorred alike.
To the same goal did both our studies drive;
The last set out, the soonest did arrive.
Thus Nisus fell upon the slippery place,
Whilst his young friend performed and won the

race.

O early ripe! to thy abundant store
What could advancing age have added more?
It might (what nature never gives the young)
Have taught the numbers of thy native tongue.*
But satire needs not those, and wit will shine
Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line.t

[In various editions of Oldham "numbers" appears as "smoothness," which has no known authority, and is a change for the worse.-ED.]

+ Dryden's opinion concerning the harshness of Oldham's numbers was not unanimously subscribed to by contemporary authors. In the "Historical Dictionary," 1694, Oldham is termed, "a pithy, sententious, elegant, and smooth writer:" and Winstanley says that none can read his works without admiration ; " so pithy his strain, so sententious his expression, so elegant his oratory, so swimming his language, so smooth his lines." Tom Brown goes the length to impute our author's qualification of his praise of Oldham to the malig

5

10

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A noble error, and but seldom made,
When poets are by too much force betrayed.
Thy generous fruits, though gathered ere their
prime,

Still showed a quickness; and maturing time But mellows what we write to the dull sweets of rhyme.

nant spirit of envy : ""Tis your own way, Mr. Bayes, as you may remember in your verses upon Mr. Oldham, where you tell the world that he was a very fine, ingenious gentleman, but still did not understand the cadence of the English tongue."-Reasons for Mr. Bayes changing his Religion, Part II.

p. 33.

But this only proves that Tom Brown and Mr. Winstanley were deficient in poetical ear; for Oldham's satires, though full of vehemence and impressive expression, are, in diction, not much more harmonious than those of Hall or of Donne. The reader may take the following celebrated passage on the life of a nobleman's chaplain, as illustrating both the merits and defects of his poetry :—

Some think themselves exalted to the sky,

If they light in some noble family;

Diet, a horse, and thirty pounds a year,
Besides the advantage of his Lordship's ear;

The credit of the business, and the state,

Are things that in a youngster's sense sound great.

Little the unexperienced wretch doth know

What slavery he oft must undergo;

Who, though in silken scarf and cassock dressed,

Wears but a gayer livery at best.

When dinner calls, the implement must wait,

With holy words, to consecrate the meat;

But hold it for a favour seldom known,

If he be deigned the honour to sit down:
Soon as the tarts appear, Sir Crape withdraw;
These dainties are not for a spiritual maw.
Observe your distance, and be sure to stand
Hard by the cistern, with your cup in hand;
There for diversion you may pick your teeth,
Till the kind voider comes to your relief:
For mere board-wages such their freedom sell;
Slaves to an hour, and vassals to a bell;
And if the enjoyment of one day be stole,
They are but prisoners out upon parole;
Always the marks of slavery retain,

And e'en when loose, still drag about their chain.
And where's the mighty prospect, after all,

A chaplainship served up, and seven years thrall ?

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Once more, hail, and farewell! farewell, thou

young

But ah! too short, Marcellus of our tongue! Thy brows with ivy and with laurels bound; But fate and gloomy night encompass thee

around.

The menial thing perhaps, for a reward,
Is to some slender benefice preferred;
With this proviso bound, that he must wed
My lady's antiquated waiting-maid,
In dressing only skilled, and marmalade.

Let others, who such meannesses can brook,
Strike countenance to every great man's look;
Let those that have a mind turn slaves to eat,
And live contented by another's plate;
I rate my freedom higher, nor will I
For food and raiment truck my liberty:
But if I must to my last shifts be put,
To fill a bladder and twelve yards of gut,
Rather with counterfeited wooden leg,
And my right arm tied up, I'll choose to beg;
I'll rather choose to starve at large, than be
The gaudiest vassal to dependency.

"T has ever been the top of my desires,
The utmost height to which my wish aspires,
That heaven would bless me with a small estate;
There, free from noise and all ambitious ends,
Enjoy a few choice books, and fewer friends;

Lord of myself, accountable to none,

But to my conscience and my God alone;
There live unthought of, and unheard of die,

And grudge mankind my very memory.

Satire to a Friend about to leave the University.

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ΤΟ

THE PIOUS MEMORY

OF

MRS. ANNE KILLIGREW.

MRS. ANNE KILLIGREW was daughter of Dr. Henry Killigrew, Master of the Savoy, and one of the prebendaries of Westminster, and brother of Thomas Killigrew, renowned, in the court of Charles II., for wit and repartee. The family, says Mr. Walpole, was remarkable for its loyalty, accomplishments, and wit; and this young lady, who displayed great talents for painting and poetry, promised to be one of its fairest ornaments. She was maid-of-honour to the Duchess of York, and died of the small-pox in 1685, the twenty-fifth year of her age.

Mrs. Anne Killigrew's poems were published after her death in a thin quarto, with a print of the author, from her portrait drawn by herself. She also painted the portraits of the Duke of York and of his Duchess, and executed several historical pictures, landscapes, and pieces of still life. See Lord Orford's Lives of the Painters, Works, vol. iii. p. 297; and Ballard's Lives of Learned Ladies.

The poems of this celebrated young lady do not possess any uncommon merit, nor are her paintings of a high class, although preferred by Walpole to her poetry. But very slender attainments in such accomplishments, when united with youth, beauty, and fashion, naturally receive a much greater share of approbation from contemporaries than unbiassed posterity can afford to them. Even the flinty heart of old Wood seems to have been melted by this young lady's charms, notwithstanding her being of womankind, as he contemptuously calls the fair sex. He says that she was a Grace for a beauty, and a Muse for a wit, and that there must have been more true history than compliment in our