Elements of Logic: On the Basis of Lectures by William Barron ... With Large Supplementary Additions, Chiefly from Watts, Abercrombie, Brown, Whately, Mills, and ThomsonJames Robert Boyd |
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Common terms and phrases
A. S. BARNES admit agree agreement or disagreement analogy angles animals appear argu argument Aristotle ascertain asserted attention attributes authority axiom beautiful called cause complex ideas conception conclusion consists copula definition demonstration denoted dispute doctrine effect employed ence enthymeme equal evidence example exist explain expression facts fallacy figure genus gism happy human Idola Fori Idola Theatri Ignoratio Elenchi illustration important individual induction inference inquiry intermediate ideas intuitive investigation judgment kind knowledge learned logic logicians major premise major term manner matter means ment method middle term mind minor term mode moral nature objects observed opinion Paradise Lost philosophy predicate prejudices principle probable process of reasoning proof proposition prove quadrupeds qualities relation render rules sense simple ideas sition Socrates SOCRATIC METHOD sophism species supposed syllogism syllogistic testimony thing thinking thought tion triangle true truth universal affirmative universal negative whole words
Popular passages
Page 168 - If I had not done among them the works which none other man did, they had not had sin: but now have they both seen and hated both me and my Father.
Page 227 - All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is mortal; it is unanswerably urged by the adversaries of the syllogistic theory, that the proposition, Socrates is mortal, is presupposed in the more general assumption, All men are mortal...
Page 167 - Presumption" on your side, and can but refute all the arguments brought against you, you have, for the present at least, gained a victory: but if you abandon this position, by suffering this Presumption to be forgotten, which is in fact leaving out one of, perhaps, your strongest arguments, you may appear to be making a feeble attack, instead of a triumphant defence.
Page 6 - ... saw the necessity of departing widely from the plan that had been followed by his predecessors, and of directing the attention of his pupils to studies of a more interesting and useful nature than the logic and metaphysics of the schools. Accordingly, after exhibiting a general view of the powers of the mind, and explaining so much of the ancient logic as was requisite to gratify curiosity with respect to an artificial method of reasoning, which had once occupied the universal attention of the...
Page 168 - ... in their schools of philosophy. Christi- Accordingly there was a Presumption anity. against the Gospel in its first announcement. A Jewish peasant claimed to be the promised deliverer, in whom all the nations of the earth were to be blessed.
Page 231 - But those animals profit by experience, and avoid what they have found to cause them pain, in the same manner, though not always with the same skill, as a human creature. Not only the burnt child, but the burnt dog, dreads the fire. I believe that, in point of fact, when drawing inferences from our personal experience, and not from maxims handed down to us by books or tradition, we much oftener conclude from particulars to particulars directly, than through the intermediate agency of any general...
Page 226 - It must be granted that in every syllogism, considered as an argument to prove the conclusion, there is a petitio principii. When we say, All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is mortal; it is unanswerably urged by the adversaries of the syllogistic theory that the proposition, "Socrates is mortal...
Page 70 - We say of a fact or statement, that it is proved, when we believe its truth by reason of some other fact or statement from which it is said to follow. Most of the propositions, whether affirmative or negative, universal, particular, or singular, which we believe, are not believed on their own evidence, but on the ground of something previously assented to, from which they are said to be inferred. To infer a proposition from a previous proposition...
Page 233 - The only point to be determined is, whether the authority which declared the general proposition intended to include this case in it; and whether the legislator intended his command to apply to the present case among others or not?
Page 166 - Thus, it is a well-known principle of the Law, that every man (including a prisoner brought up for trial) is to be presumed innocent till his guilt is established. This does not, of course, mean that we are to take for granted he is innocent; for if that were the case, he would be entitled to immediate liberation : nor does it mean that it is antecedently more likely than not that he is innocent; or, that the majority of these brought to trial are so. It evidently means only that the 'burden of proof...