mankind descending from him by ordinary generation,” sinned in him, and fell with him in that first transgression. Q. 23. Into what estate did the fail bring mankind?

A. The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.t

Q. 24. What is sin?

A. Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of any law of God, given as a rule to the reasonable creature." Q. 25. Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

A. The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consisteth in the guilt of Adam's first sin,w the want of that righteousness wherein he was created, and the corruption of his nature, whereby he is utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite unto all that is spiritually good, and wholly inclined to all evil, and that continually;≈ which

22. ↑ Acts xvii. 26. And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth.

* Gen. ii. 17. But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it; for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. See Rom. v. 12-20; 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22.

23. Rom. v. 12. Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned. Gal. iii. 10. For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them. 24. Rom. iii. 23. All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God. 1 John iii. 4. Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law for sin is the transgression of the law. See Gal. iii. 10–12.

25. Rom. v. 12, 19. Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned.-For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous. See 1 Cor. xv. 22.

*Rom. v. 6. For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly. Rom. iii. 10-12. As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God. They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. See verses 13-19. Eph. ii. 3. And were by nature the children of wrath, even as others. Rom. viii. 7, 8. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. So then they that are in the flesh cannot please God. Gen. vi. 5. And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was

is commonly called original sin, and from which do proceed all actual transgressions.y

Q. 26. How is original sin conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity?

A. Original sin is conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity by natural generation, so as all that proceed from them in that way, are conceived and born in sin.z

Q. 27. What misery did the fall bring upon mankind?

A. The fall brought upon mankind the loss of communion with God,a his displeasure and curse; so as we are by nature children of wrath,b bond slaves to Satan,c and justly liable to all punishments in this world and that which is to come.d

great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.

James i. 14, 15. But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin; and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death. Matt. xv. 19. For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies.

26. Psa. li. 5. Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me. John iii. 6. That which is born of the flesh is flesh.

27. a Gen. iii. 8, 24. And they heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden,-So he drove out the man: and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.

Eph. ii. 2, 3. Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience: Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others.

2 Tim. ii. 26. And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will. See Luke xi. 21, 22. Heb. ii. 14. Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same; that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil.

* Lam. iii. 39. Wherefore doth a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his sins? Rom. vi. 23. The wages of sin is death

Q. 28. What are the punishments of sin in this world?

A. The punishments of sin in this world, are either inward, as blindness of mind,e a reprobate sense, strong delusions, hardness of heart,h horror of conscience, and vile affections: k or outward, as the curse of God upon the creatures for our sake; and all other evils that befall us in our bodies, names, estates, relations, and employments; m together with death itself."

Q. 29. What are the punishments of sin in the world to

come?

A. The punishments of sin in the world to come, are, everlasting separation from the comfortable presence of God, and most grievous torments in soul and body, without intermission, in hell fire for ever.o

See Rom. v. 14; Gen. ii. 17. Matt. xxv. 41, 46. Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, prepared for the devil and his angels.-And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal. 28. Eph. iv. 18. Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart.

Rom. i. 28. Even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient.

2 Thess. ii. 11. And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie.

Rom. ii. 5. But, after thy hardness and impenitent heart, treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God.

Isa. xxxiii. 14. The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings? See Gen. iv. 13, 14; Matt. xxvii. 4.

* Rom. i. 26. For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections. 'Gen. iii. 17. Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.

m Deut. xxviii. 15. If thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God, all these curses shall come upon thee. See verses 16-68.

"Rom. vi. 21, 23. What fruit had ye then in those things whereof ye are now ashamed? for the end of those things is death.-The wages of sin is death.

29. 2 Thess. i. 9. Who shall be punished with everlasting destruc

30. Doth God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

A. God doth not leave all men to perish in the estate of sin and misery, P into which they fell by the breach of the first covenant, commonly called the covenant of works; but of his mere love and mercy delivereth his elect out of it, and bringeth them into an estate of salvation by the second covenant, commonly called the covenant of grace."

Q. 31. With whom was the covenant of grace made?

A. The covenant of grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed.

tion from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power. Mark ix. 47, 48. And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out: it is better for thee to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye, than having two eyes to be cast into hell fire: Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched. Luke xvi. 24, 26. Send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame.-Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed: so that they which would pass from hence to you cannot; neither can they pass to us, that would come from thence. See Matt. XXV. 41, 46; Rev. xiv. 11; John iii. 36.

30. 1 Thess. v. 9. For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ.

Gal. iii. 10. For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.

Tit. iii. 4-7. But after that the kindness and love of God ou: Saviour toward man appeared, Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; Which he shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Saviour; That being justified by his grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. Tit. i. 2. In hope of eternal life, which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began. See Gal. iii. 21; Rom. iii. 20-22.

31. Gal. iii. 16. Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He saith not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to thy seed, which is Christ. Isa. liii. 10, 11. Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. Isa. lix. 21. As for me, this is my covenant with them, saith the LORD; My Spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy

Q. 32. How is the grace of God manifested in the second covenant?

t

A. The grace of God is manifested in the second covenant, in that he freely provideth and offereth to sinners a mediator, and life and salvation by him ;" and, requiring faith as the condition to interest them in him,w promiseth and giveth his Holy Spirit to all his elect, to work in them that faith, with all other saving graces; and to enable them unto all holy obedience, as the evidence of the

α

mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever.

32. Gen. iii. 15. And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. Isa. xlii. 6. I the LORD have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, for a light of the Gentiles. John iii. 16. For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. John vi. 27. Labor not for the meat which perisheth, but for that meat which endureth unto everlasting life, which the Son of man shall give unto you: for him hath God the Father sealed. 1 Tim. ii. 5. For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.

1 John v. 11, 12. And this is the record, that God hath given to us eternal life, and this life is in his Son. He that hath the Son hath life; and he that hath not the Son of God hath not life.

w John iii. 36. He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life: and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life; but the wrath of God abideth on him. John i. 12. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name.

* Prov. i. 23. Behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you. See Isa. lix. 21. Luke xi. 13. If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children; how much more shall your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask him?

1 Cor. xii. 3, 9. Wherefore I give you to understand, that no man speaking by the Spirit of God calleth Jesus accursed: and that no man can say that Jesus is the Lord, but by the Holy Ghost.-To another faith by the same Spirit; to another the gifts of healing by the same Spirit.

* Gal. v. 22, 23. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, Meekness, temperance: against such there is no law.

a Ezek. xxxvi. 27. And I will put my Spirit within you, and cause