Fevers, chiefly intermittent, prevailed very generally towards the end of the rains, and increased in frequency till the middle of November. A variety of caufes contributed to their production. The debility induced by deficient nourifhment, predifpofed the bodies of the poorer class to be acted upon by every exciting caufe. The unufual quantity of rain, and very moift ftate of the atmosphere, contributed to increafe the univerfal relaxation; the water collected in tanding pools, fome of which, of great extent, were clofe to the city wall, in drying up, left a putrid fomes; and,' aftly, the great afternoon heat in October and November, followed by the cold and damp of the evening, gave irrefiftible activity to the preceding caufes, in conftitutions which had hitherto refifted their influence. This it was which occafioned the univerfal prevalence of the disease among our fepoys and fervants after the 1t of October, when we left cur habitations in town, and went into tents. Before the rains we had encamped in a grove adjoining to the garden of Rana Khan; but when we marched out, this ground was covered with a crop of corn not yet ripe; and, befides, it was low, and hav. ing been overflowed to a confiderable depth in the inundation, threatened to be mifchievous by its damp nefs. The place we fixed on for an encampment was near half a mile farther to the W. N. W. It was an elevated fpot, to which the inundation had not reached, covered on the S. W. by the fmall grove of Shah Dawul, but perfectly open on every other fide. The neareft part of the hilly ridge was at the dif. tance of two miles and a half, the extremities of the ridge lying N. 10 W. to S. 60 W. or compre. hending 110 degrees of the horizon, To the S. and S. E. the Jeerah nal lah was within a furlong and a half of our tents. As it had fwelled to a confiderable height during the rains, and was now gradually dry. ing up, it was natural to look for the fource of miafma in putrifying vegetable matter left on its banks, But its bottom and banks were a ftiff clay, affording little matter of this kind; and the prevailing winds from the beginning of October to the middle of November, were the N. W. W. N. W. and N. E. none of which could convey exhalations from the nullah. Therefore we are obliged to look for fome other caufe of the prevailing epidemic, and one amply fufficient, I apprehend, will be found in the want of cover to protect the men againft the fcorching heat of the day, and the chilly damps of night. They themselves at length became fenfible of the un healthiness of the spot, although they entertained fuperftitious no. tions of its caufe, afcribing it to the indignant manes of thofe who were flaughtered in the battle formerly defcribed. At their request, fome time in December, the camp was removed into the grove near Rana Khan's garden, from which the crop had by this time been carried off. I was then incapable of ob ferving the effects of this change, but have been informed that the difcafe rapidly declined, and foon difappeared. This fact pleads ftrongly in favour of an opinion ad vanced by Dr. Jackson, that clear elevated fituations, notwithstanding the free circulation of air, are, from unavoidable expofure to the morbid caufes above enumerated, lefs fa vourable to health than has been fuppofed; and that, "inftead of danger, there is fafety in the shelter of wood." The queftion is the high * Treatife on the Fevers of Jamaica, Chap. IV. p. 83-88. et eft importance; the doctor fupports his argument with ability, and the whole paffage deferves the most fe. rious confideration of those who are entrufted with the choice of ground for the encampment of troops. The only complaint which I obferved to be endemial was the dreeunculus, or Guinea worm, the hiftory of which is too well known to require any defcription in this place. It is called by the Spaniards Culebrilla, or little ferpent, and feems to be the fame that is defcribed by M. DE LA CONDAMINE, and known to the French at Cayenne by the name of Verma caque. The only difference between the deferiptions of the infect in thefe different countries, is in their length; thofe of Cayenne being only faid to be feveral inches; whereas thofe of Africa and the Eaft Indies are known to amount to fome ells. And this diverfity in the difcription by different authors is probably rather owing to the accidental circumftance of the fpecimens that fell under the obfervation of each, than to any real variety or Specific difference between the animals of the two continents. The name by which they are known at Oujcin, and I believe in other parts of Hindultân, is Neruah. The caufe of their production is Aill involved in obfcurity. I have met with three hypothefes to account for it: ft, that it is caufed by the malignity of humours, depofited and fixed, in fome part of the cellular texture. This I was furprifed to fee affigned as the most probable by the authors of the French VOL. 2. Encyclopædia; after the doctrine of equivocal generation had been fo completely refuted and univerfally abandoned. 2dly, In Dr. REE's edition of CHAMBERS's dictionary, I find it afcribed to the drinking of ftagnant and corrupted water, in which it is probable the ova of the animal lie. edly, It has been alleged that certain infects which inhabit the air or water in thofe countries pierce the skin and depofit their ova, which produce the worms in question. Without pretending to decide between thefe two laft fuppofitions, or adverting to the difficulty of conceiving how the ova could preferve their vitrifying principle through the proceffes of digeftion, chylification, and circulation, till they are finally depofited by the capillary arteries in the cellular texture; the obfervation that these infects are only found in the extremities, and most frequently in the lower, which are most expofed to immerfion in ftagnant water, pleads ftrongly in favour of the third hypothefis. The following fact renders it probable that the generation and growth of the worm, after the ova have been depofited, is very flow. Although the complaint was very frequent among the inhabitants of Oujein, our people remained exempt from it during our refidence there for eleven months; but in the month of Augult following (five months after we left the place) the disease broke out in many. In all the cafes which fell under my observation, the worm was lodged in the lower extremity, excepting one inftance. * X This * Tilaria medinenfis, LINN. Syft. Nat. cur. GMEL.-Gordius medinenfis, Syft. Nat. ed. xii.-Vena medinenfis, WELSCH. SLOAN.-Dracunculus perfarum, KAMP. The laf author gives a very interefting history and defcription of the animal, which he fays he was twice able to extract at one operation, entire and alive. Thrown into warm water, it became flaccid and motionless being taken out, it was more rigid, and moved obfcurely; but when immersed in cold water, it bent and mov ed itfelf violently, and, as if impatient of the cold liquid, frequently railed its head above the furface. Amen. Exai. p. 524, et seq. : Γ This patient, who was a bheasty, or waterman, had the complaint break out in his arm. The nature of his profeffion expofed his arms more than thofe of other people, to the attacks of the parent infect, fuppofing her to refide in the water*. The method of extraction prac. tifed by the natives of Oujein differs in nothing from that defcribed by authors; except that in gently pulling and rolling it on a pin, when they feel a refiftance, they have recourfe to friction, and compreffing the part in various directions. This is not confined to the tumour, but extended over the limb to fome diftance. It is faid to loofen the worm from its adhesions to the fubcutaneous parts, and thus facilitates its extraction. In the American procefs, the rubbing of the wound with a little oil is taken notice of, but that feems to be adopted with a different view. The accident of breaking the worm was in fome inftances followed by violent inflammation and tedious fuppurations, breaking out fucceffively in different parts of the limb; but I did not hear of any inftance of mortification from this caufe. March 1793. The Refident having received inftructions to return to Hinduftân; on the 14th of March 1793, proceeded to Gutteah, a village under the management of Appah Khandey Raw. It lies from our camp at Oujein N. 27 E. 14,79 miles. The road was in general good, over an open well culti vated country. Only in croffing three ridges of rifing ground, the number of ftones gave fome impediment, and we found three nullahs, the banks of which being fteep, render the paffage of carriages difficult. March 15.-Marched N. 15 E. 16,5 miles to Tenauriah, a vil lage poffeffed by a Graffiah zemindar, who holds it of Scindiah, and pays between three and four thou fand rupees annually. March 16.-Marched N. 12 E. 10,53 miles to Ager, a large town with a ftone fort, belonging to Rang Row Powar. To the S. W. of the town is a fine lake. The road in general good, foil reddish, or ironcoloured. March 17.-Marched N. 123E. 16,59 miles to Soufner, a pretty large town belonging to Scindiah, and under the management of Apph Khandey Raw, whofe Aumil re. fides here. The road lies acros feveral low ridges of hills, and is in general full of little ftones. The foil of a rufty iron colour; very little cultivation. March 18.-Marched N. 174W. 14,5 miles to Perawa, a town belonging and In Dr. CHISHOLM afcripes the difeafe which is very prevalent among the negroes in Grenada, to their drinking the water of certain wells, in which the naked eye diftinguifnes innumerable animalcules. On one eftate, where no other water can be had, they are attacked regularly every year about the beginning of November; in the month of January the difeafe fpreads through the greateft part of the gang the month of March it entirely difappears till the following November. On other eftates the difeafe was equally frequent, till the obnoxious wells were filled up, cilterns built, or wells dug in places not fubject to the influence of the ebb and flow of the uide; at the return of the ufual period of the appearance of the Guinea worm, nothing of the kind happened. This is a ftrong proof that the infect which produces the wor refides in the water, but it is equally reconcileable to the fuppofition that the ova are depofited under the fkin, when any part of the external furface is immerged in the wa ter, as to that of their propagating after their being fwallowed with the drink. As we know that most infe Ets have certain flated feafons for procreation, we can easily account for the periodical recurrence of the difeafe; but I could not learn at Oujein that it obferves any fuch regular alternation in that climate." Dr. Chisholm obferves, that the worm in Grenada is not confined to the extremities.-Chisholm on the Malignant Peftilential Fever, p. 34. belonging to Tuckojee Holcar, whofe Aumil refides here. Road good, foil black and spongy, like the most of Malava, but little cultivated. The district dependant on this town yields one lack of rupees annually. March 19.-Marched N. 204 W. 15,91 miles to Soonel. The road and foil on this day's march inuch the fame as yesterday. A good deal of Jooar ftubble by the road fide, and fome wheat now ripe. Soonel is a town of confiderable extent, of a fquare form, and enciof ed with a stone wall. Two broad ftreets crofs one another at right angles, in the middle of the town, which is the Chowk. There are 32 villages in this pergunnah, which is held as a jaghire by Khandey Raw Powar, the elder brother of Rung Raw Appah. March 21.-Marched N. 4 E. 16,05 miles to Juimee. Road in general good. Paffed the How river and two nullahs. The ford of the first being very ftony, is difficult. Soil black; much cultivation of wheat and poppy. Julmee is a pretty large village, which was affigned by the Pefhwa as a joghire to Naroojee Goneith, formerly Dewan to the Subahdar Holcar. Since the death, of Naroojee it has been held by Holcar himself. Several villages be tween Soonel and this place belang to the Rajah of Kotah. March 22.--Marched N. 5 W. 15,56 miles to Muckundra. Road in general good; only near the villages of Afcali and Telakhairee, it lies over a ftratum of flate which is very flippery. A good deal of poppy is cultivated near thefe villages. Abegah, they fay, yields about five feers of opium. Muckundra is a small village, fituated in a valley, nearly circular, about three quarters of a inile in diameter, furrounded by very fteep hills, and only acceffible by an. The water here March 23.-Marched N. 364 W.. 17 miles to Puchpahar. The pafs through the hills was narrow and ftony; the road afterwards good. Near Puchpahar paffed over a bed of fchiftus, in ftrata inclined to the horizon. The country rather. thinly cultivated; a good deal of grafs by the road fide. March 24.-Marched N, 181 W. 8,64 miles to Anandpoor, a mail village, near which is a large tank with a ftone wall, and buildings on the bank of it. Road good, thro' a jungle of piafs* and other fhrubs. Soil of a reddish colour; little cultivation. Close to Anandpoor the road runs over a ftratum of fchiftus. March 25.-Marched N. 8 E. 5,17 miles, and encamped in a tope, among gardens near the city of Ko. tah. Road in general good; in fome parts a ftratum of fchiftus. This city is of confiderable extent, of an irregular oblong form, enclofed with a ftone wall and round bastions. It contains many good stone houfes, befides feveral handfome public edifices. The palace of the Rajah is an * X 2 * Butca frondofa. Roxε. Ind. Pl. Vol. I, No. 21, elegant elegant ftructure. The streets are paved with ftone. It has on the weft the river Chumbul, and on the north-east a lake smooth and clear as cryftal, which on two fides is banked with ftone, and has in the middle a building called Jug-mun. dul, which is confecrated to religious purposes. Near the north-eaft angle of the city, and only feparated from the lake by the breadth of the road, is the Cheteree, or maufoleum of one of the Rajahs. It is a handfome building; the area on which it ftands is excavated, fo as to be feveral feet lower than the level of the country; and paved with stone. On front of the building are placed feveral statues of horfes and elephants hewn out of stone. To the fouth of the city, about three furlongs beyond the wall, is a place confecrated to the celebration of Ram's victory at Lanka, on the Dufferah, or 10th of Koonar Sukul Puch. There is a fquare terrace of earth raised about two feet above the ground, and at a little distance to the fouth, an earthen wall with a few round bastions. Behind this, in a recumbent posture, is an enormous ftatue of earth, which reprefents the demon Rawoon. On the day above named, all the principal people af. femble at this terrace, on which fome guns are drawn up. Their fire is directed against the earthen wall, and continues till that is breached, and the image of Rawqon defaced or demolished. The revenue of Kotah is thirty lacks of rupees; out of which is paid, though not regularly, a tribute of two lacks yearly to Scindiah, and as much to Holcar. The prefent Rajah is named Ummeid Sing, His uncle, who was his immediate predeceffor, was affaffinated about twenty or twenty-five years before, by his Dewan Zalim Sing, a Raje oot of the tribe Jhala. He feized and fill retains the admiri. ftration, having left nothing but the name and pomp of Rajah to the prefent incumbent. The Rajah's family is of the tribe Hara. We halted here two days, which were employed in receiving and paying vifits, and on the 28th marched N. 21 E. 6,29 miles to Gowmuch. The road geed; but the bed of the Chumbul, which we forded at Gowmuch, was ftong, uneven and flippery. This is a fmall village dependant on Paten, from which it is diftant one cofs. Paten contains fome confiderable buildings erected by the Rajahs of Boondee, viz. a palace and a temple dedicated to Vishnu. It is the head of a per. gunnah, containing 42 villages, and belongs half to Scindiah, and half to Holcar. March 29.-Marched N. 43 W. 9,6 miles to Teekeree, a village belonging to Scindiah, dependant on Paten. Road good; foil greyish; a good deal of jungle by the road fide. March 30.-Marched N. 66 W. 11,2 miles to Boondee. Road in general good, but broken ground on both fides of it; in fome places ftony; little cultivation; much jun gle. The town of Boondee is fituated on the fouthern declivity of a long range of hills which runs nearly from eaft to weft. The palace of the Ra jah is a large and maffy building of ftone, is about half-way up; and a kind of ftone fortification runs to the top of the hill. The pafs thro' the hill lies to the eastward of the town, and is fecured by a gate at each end. The Rajah named Bifhun Sing, of the tribe Hara, is aged nineteen or twenty. His family and that of Kotah are nearly related. That of Boondee is the elder branch, and was formerly the chief in point of power: but |