talk yellow") means to talk High German, which the Plattdeutsch peasant pleases to term nonsense." In another part of the Low German linguistic territory an imperfectly known or uncertain colour is called blitzblau und dunnergrau ("lightning blue and thunder grey") though it may be neither blue nor gray. Prof. A. B. Macallum, B.A., M.B., Ph.D., read a paper on "The Structure of Cell Protoplasm." It treated of the question of the structure of living protoplasm as known from studies on the dead cell, and from observations on the living elements. The various views were commented upon, and it was pointed out that all of these were the result of observations in limited fields of cystological research; that while, for example, the reticular structure is present in some cellular elements, the vesicular forms in others, and the fibrillar in others again, neither of these types of structure may be present in the living cell, and that, therefore, students must look to some other view which will cover, more fully than those at present at their disposal, all the phenomena of cell structure already observed and at the same time explain the relations of the nucleus to the cell and to life. A view was advanced that the cell protoplasm is an intermediary organ between the living element proper―the nucleus-and the outer world, and that the protoplasm is largely, if not wholly, derived from the nucleus elements, and therefore, as life advances, in accordance with Prof. Minot's view, the nuclear substance diminishes while the cell protoplasm is increased so much that the physical conditions imposed by so relatively large an intermediary organ bring the life of the element to an end. This view was applied to the elucidation of some of the phenomena connected with secretion, excretion, movement, etc. Its connection also with the present views as to what life is was also discussed. FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING. The Forty-Third Annual Meeting was held on 7th May, 1892, the President in the chair. Donations since last meeting, 80, including 77 back numbers of The Canadian Journal, presented by the executors of S. B. Harman; Exchanges, 51. A letter was read from the P. O. Dept., Ottawa, stating that the Postmaster General had received authority from the Executive Council to relieve the Institute of the expense of prepaying postage on their reports issued from time to time, and to either frank them or place the necessary stamps upon them. The Secretary was instructed to return thanks to the Post Master General. The election of officers and members of Council for the ensuing year resulted as follows: President-Arthur Harvey, Esq. Vice-President-Prof. A. B. Macallum, Ph.D. Secretary-Alan Macdougall, M. Inst. C.E. Treasurer-James Bain, Jr., Esq. Librarian-D. R. Keys, M.A. Curator-David Boyle, Esq. Editor-George Kennedy, M.A., LL.D. A. Blue, Esq. James H. Pearce, Esq. John Maughan, Ch. Biolog. Sec. J. B. Williams, Sec'y Biolog. Sec. B. E. Walker, Ch. Geol. and M. Sec. The 43rd Annual Report was read and adopted. The following resolutions were passed :-- That the thanks of the Institute be tendered to the Press for their courtesy in reporting so fully the meetings of the Institute. That the Council be requested to consider the propriety of applying to the Dominion Government for a supplementary charter to add History, Literature and Art to the objects the Institute may study and promote, and to make clear the mode of election of the members of the Council. FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT. The Council of the Canadian Institute has the honor to lay before its members its Forty-third Annual Report. It is once more an agreeable task to record the progress of the Institute. The meetings have all been well attended. An ample supply of papers, with a range as wide and varied as in any previous session, has created much interest and elicited spirited discussions at the ordinary meetings. During the present session the regulations and by-laws have been remodelled and adopted at a special general meeting held for that purpose on the 9th of April. Considerable changes have been made; two new classes of members have been introduced-corresponding members and associate. The former is an old class revived, on lines likely to promote interest in the Institute. The latter is a new class, which has very wide limits, created for the purpose of enlisting the co-operation of many who, not sufficiently advanced in science to be interested in all the work of the Institute, are earnest workers in such subjects as history, archæology, geology, botany, political and economic science. The small fee of $2 per annum will enable many to join, and take advantage of the liberal privileges extended to this class. The rules of the library and reading room have also been amended. The new rules came into force on the 1st of February and have since that date been carried out to the advantage of the members. The interest in the work of the sections increases. The Biological or Natural History Section has held 15 meetings, at which 15 papers were read. The field days have been as successful as formerly, and the work of the sub-sections has been vigorously carried on. The Historical Section has increased its membership from 27 to 45. Six meetings were held during the session; all were well attended; six papers were read. The Section makes special note of the increasing interest in historical matters, both in the Institute and by the general public, and expresses satisfaction at the steps taken by the government towards the establishment of a natioual park. The Mining and Geological Section held three meetings at which a like number of papers were read. The membership has not increased, though they look for an increase in the immediate future. Early in the summer of last year, a movement was inaugurated to consider the most advantageous scheme for enlarging the scope of the Institute, and the advisability of removing to a more central and readily accessible situation. Two plans were presented: one embraced the enlargement of the present building by adding a museum on the vacant portion of our lot, and remodelling the present reading room and library; the other contemplated the removal of the Institute from the present site to one in a more northern or up-town district. After several meetings had been held, at which the projects were fully discussed, the members at a special General Meeting called for the purpose on the 19th June, 1891, vetoed all the proposals laid before them. The adoption of cosmic time, in relation to the use of the 24-hour notation, has been greatly advanced by the labors of a special committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the chairman of which was our distinguished honorary member, Sandford Fleming, LL.D., C.M.G. The Committee recommended in their final report which was presented on the 20th January, 1892, the adoption of the new notation of time on all railways in America "on the 12th October, 1892; that date being suggested in compliment to the fatherland of Columbus." The report states that "From the latest information received, it is evident that Europe is now making the first great step in time reform which America made in 1883, in introducing Standard Time into general use. In the second important step, the adoption of the 24-hour notation, this country is somewhat anticipated by India, and we need not be greatly astonished to hear of a rapid development of the reform in Europe, when once the first step is fully taken." The Council noted with much pleasure the formation of a Royal Commission to enquire into the protection of fish and game. A Royal Commission has been issued to enquire into and report upon the preservation of the forests and the formation of a National Park. A paper of very great interest to the fruit-growing industry was presented by Dr. W. R. Shaw, the subject being the disease known as "Peach Yellows." This paper created a deep interest in the great peach-growing district, the Niagara peninsula. Resolutions were passed by the Lincoln Farmers' Institute, and the Fruit Growers' Association, the Council of the Township of Niagara, and other bodies, requesting the Institute to bring the subject under the notice of the Local Legislature during its last session. An influential deputation from the bodies named, accompanied by a Committee from the Institute, waited on the Government, by whom they were courteously received. Owing to the late period of the session it was not practicable to introduce the legislation asked for; there is no doubt, however, that at the next session important legislation will be obtained intended to prevent the spread of peach yellows, black knot, and other dreaded diseases among our orchards, and that this valuable and extensive industry will have proper protection accorded to it. A paper on Electoral Representation and the Rectification of Parliament, by Dr. Sandford Fleming, has created great interest. A friend of the Institute, who has declined to make known his name, has generously placed at the disposal of the Council the sum of $1,000, to be awarded in whole or in part, for the best measure which if made law would give to the whole Canadian people equal representation in Parliament and each elector due weight in the Government through Parliament. The conditions of the competition have received the most careful attention of the Council, and will be made public in a few days. The invitation to hold a summer convention in the town of Penetanguishene led to a very pleasant and interesting visit to soil rendered historical by the establishment there at a very early epoch of a fort for the protection of the Jesuit Fathers and the French interests at large. The convention was held on the 25th and 26th September, the meetings were well attended, and the papers read by the resident historians were of much interest. An Excursion was made to Christian Island on the 26th. A meeting was held in the Council chamber of the Indian village of St. Joseph, at which Chief Samuel Assance, Thomas Skye, a veteran of 97 years of age, and John Monague spoke. The latter, an old man of 80, gave an interesting account of how he and others were taken to Toronto, in 1837, and sent to look out and intercept Mr. W. Lyon Mackenzie. He added naively that as he and his party did not know Mr. Mackenzie, they did not see how they could intercept him. Fort Ste. Marie was thoroughly explored. Another excursion was made. to Fort Ste. Marie, on the River Wye, near the town of Midland, on the 28th; the ruins examined, the site traced out, the water gate readily recognized and the channel of the canal, which had been used by the Jesuits for approaching the fort, identified. A proposal to secure this extremely interesting historical site for future preservation as a public memorial has received encouragement, and an advantageous offer for the purchase of the land on which the fort stands has been made to the Institute. The Council takes pleasure in again acknowledging the generosity of the Government in continuing the Archæological grant. The Archæological Report of the curator published in advance of this, again deals with a wide field of interest. In the chapter on craniometry, 48 skulls are figured and described; the Institute is indebted to Drs. S. K. Boyle and L. K. Meade for their kind labors in this matter. The demand for this report has been so great that the edition is already exhausted. Additions by purchase and presentation have been made to the museum of specimens from all parts of the Dominion, the greater number being naturally from friends in our own province. A full list of the names of donors to the museum is published in the report. An agreement was entered into with the Public Library Board for the transfer of the custody of our Archæological collection to that Board, to be placed in their proposed museum. The arrangement has unfortunately been interfered with by adverse action of the City Council, but there is still a prospect of arrangements being arrived at which will carry out in part this plan, thereby relieving the overcrowding of the |