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OF
MODERN EUROPE,
WITH AN ACCOUNT OF
THE DECLINE AND FALL
OF THE
ROMAN EMPIRE:
AND
A VIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF SOCIETY, FROM THE RISE
OF THE MODERN KINGDOMS, TO THE PEACE
OF PARIS, IN 1763.
IN A SERIES OF LETTERS
BY WILLIAM RUSSEL, L. L. D.
SECOND AMERICAN EDITION, CAREFULLY CORRECTED.
· VOL. IV:
PHILADELPHIA:
PRINTED FOR WILLIAM YOUNG BIRCH AND ABRAHAM SMALL,
BY ROBERT CARR,
1802.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOURTH VOLUME
THE HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE.
PART II.
FROM THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA, IN 1648, TO THE PEACE
LETTER XII.
General view of the affairs of Europe, with a particular ac,
count of those of England, from the restoration of Charles II. in 1660, to the triple alliance, in 1668.
A. D.
Page
INTRODUCTORY reflections
1660 Great popularity of Charles II. of England, at his resto.
ration, and eminent political situation among the pow.
ers of Europe - -
.
His libertine and accommodating character
He forms his privy council from among all parties and
sects
-
ibid.
His prudent choice of his principal servants - ibid.
The earl of Clarendon, chancellor and prime minister 4
General act of indemnity -
Trial and execution of the regicides -
State of the church
5
Dissolution of the convention parliament -
1661 New parliament favourable to episcopacy and monarchical
power
Act of uniformity .
. ibid.
Repeal of the act for triennial parliaments
Rigour of the high-church party
Presbyterian
6
12
14
Presbyterian clergy ejected
This impolitic measure unites the protestant dissenters in
a common hatred of the church
The king and his brother, the duke of York, being secretly
catholics, form the plan of a general toleration 8
Declaration to that purpose
- ibid.
The plan of toleration opposed by the parliament, and laid
aside
- 9
Presbyterians persecuted in Scotland
. . ibid.
King's marriage
10
Sale of Dunkirk
1664 War with the United Provinces -
11
State of the affairs of that republic
Character of the pensionary De Wit
Great naval preparations of England and Holland ibid.
1665 Dutch defeated by the English fleet under the duke of
York -
13
Plague rages in London
France and Denmark league with the United Provinces against England -
1666 Memorable sea-fight of four days
15
After various turns of fortune, the Dutch fleet under de
Ruyter and young Tromp, forced to retreat by the Eng-
lish, commanded by prince Rupert and the duke of Al-
bemarle
17
The Hollanders insulted in their harbours
Fire of London
18
State of religion in Scotland
Insurrection of the presbyterians
20
Battle of Pentland hills
ibid. The rebels routed, and the presbyterian prisoners treated with severity
State of Ireland
21
1667 Act of the English parliament prohibiting the importation
of Irish cattle .
23
That law ultimately beneficial to Ireland. - ibid.
Negociations at Breda
24
The Dutch feet under de Ruyter, takes possession of the
mouth of the Thames
Burning of the ships at Chatham
25
Consternation of the city of London -
Peace of Breda -
Impeachment and banishment of the earl of Clarendon 26
His character -
Retrospective view of the state of France and Spain ibid.
Character of Lewis XIV.
His munificence, splendour, and popularity
Dangerous greatness of the French monarchy
28
Examples of the arrogance of Lewis XIV. - ibid.
He refuses to pay to England the honours of the flag ibid.
His
19
27