Triumphal entry of Peter the Great into Moscow 420 The grand vizier Kupruli dismissed, and the seal of the The Sultan resolves upon a war with Russia, and orders men ibid. Russian ambassador committed to the castle of the seven ibid. Origin of this practice of treating christian ambassadors422 1711 Turkish forces reviewed in the plains of Adrianople 423 The Czar forms an alliance with Demetrius Cantemir, He passes the Neister, and reaches the northern banks of Through the interposition of the Czarina, Catherine, he ibid. The king of Sweden arrives in the Turkish camp, as the ibid. His rage at the treaty, and insolent behaviour to the grand ibid. The new grand vizier yet less disposed to favour the de- ibid. He evades the request and continues his intrigues Is desired to prepare instantly for his return home He pleads the want of money to pay his debts Is furnished with twelve hundred purses, and demands more ibid. 1713 The Sultan's speech in the divan on that subject ibid. State of affairs in the king of Sweden's dominions ibid. His general, Steenbock, defeats the Danes and Saxons 434 Burns Altena ibid. His apology for so doing ibid. Loses the fruits of his victory, and is obliged to take re- fuge in the duchy of Holstein ibid. Intrigues of the baron de Goertz ibid. Progress of the arms of the Czar Peter ibid. He forms the scheme of establishing a neutrality in the ibid. 1714 He gains a complete victory over the Swedes by sea, and Enters Petersburg in triumph, and makes on that occasion a speech, worthy of the founder of a great empire ibid. Roused from his lethargy by the measures of the senate of Sweden, and despairing of being able to make the Porte take arms in his favour, Charles XII. signifies to the grand vizier his desire of returning through Provided with a convoy of sixty loaded waggons, and three hundred horse, he arrives on the frontiers of Germany, He immediately dispatches orders to his generals, to re- The Prussians, Danes, and Saxons besiege Stralsund ibid. They make themselves masters of the isle of Usdome, 1716 Charles attempts to expel the invader Is defeated and obliged to save himself by flight He defends Stralsund with desperate valour The baron de Goertz becomes the prime minister and favourite of the king of Sweden The king of Sweden, to the astonishment of all Europe Meanwhile Wismar, the only town that remained to him He is taken into custody in Holland, and count Gillem- 1718 Charles XII. undertakes a second expedition into Norway, and sits down before Frederickshall ibid. 1719 Ulrica Eleanora, sister of Charles XII. is elected queen She relinquishes the crown to her husband, the prince of ibid. 1720 Tranquility of the north restored by different treaties ibid. The Czar retains possession of the provinces of Livonia, ibid. OF MODERN EUROPE. PART II. FROM THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA, IN 1648, TO THE PEACE OF PARIS, IN 1763. LETTER XII. A GENERAL VIEW OF THE AFFAIRS OF EUROPE, WITH A PARTICULAR ACCOUNT OF THOSE OF ENGLAND, FROM THE RESTORATION OF CHARLES II. IN 1660, TO THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE, IN 1668. No prince ever had it more in his power to have rendered himself the favourite of his people, and his people great, flourishing and happy, than Charles II. of A. D. 1660. England. They had generously restored him to the regal dignity, without imposing any new limitations on his prerogative. But their late violences, and the torrent of blood which had been shed, too strongly demonstrated their dread of popery, and their hatred of arbitrary sway, to permit a supposition that they would ever tamely suffer any trespass on their civil or religious liberties. If destitute of VOL. IV. F the |