grain and with a sacrifice of cattle, are greedy for rice and flesh, and seek to devour his vital spirits.

29. Let him take care, to the utmost of his power, that no guest sojourn in his house unhonoured with a seat, with food, with a bed, with water, with esculent roots, and with fruit:

30. But, let him not honour with his conversation such as do forbidden acts; such as subsist, like cats, by interested craft; such as believe not the scripture; such as oppugn it by sophisms; or such as live like rapacious water-birds.

31. With oblations to the gods and to ancestors, let him do reverence to Bráhmens of the second order, who are learned in theology, who have returned home from their preceptors, after having performed their religious duties and fully studied the Véda; but men of an opposite description let him avoid.

32. Gifts must be made by each house-keeper, as far as he has ability, to religious mendicants, though heterodox; and a just portion must be reserved, without inconvenience to his family, for all sentient beings, animal and vegetable.

33. A priest, who is master of a family, and pines with hunger, may seek wealth from a king of the military class, from a sacrificer, or his own pupil, but from no person else, unless all other helps fail: thus will he shew his respect for the law.

34. Let no priest, who keeps house, and is able to procure food, ever waste himself with hunger; nor, when he has any substance, let him wear old or sordid clothes.

35. His hair, nails, and beard, being clipped; his passions subdued; his mantle, white; his body, pure; let him diligently occupy himself in reading the Véda, and be constantly intent on such acts, as may be salutary to him.

36. Let him carry a staff of Vénu, an ewer with water in it, a handful of cusa-grass, or a copy of the Véda; with a pair of bright golden rings in his ears.

37. He must not gaze on the sun, whether rising or setting, or eclipsed, or reflected in water, or advanced to the middle of the sky.

38. Over a string, to which a calf is tied, let him not step;

nor let him run, while it rains; nor let him look on his own image in water: this is a settled rule.

39. By a mound of earth, by a cow, by an idol, by a Bráhmen, by a pot of clarified butter, or of honey, by a place where four ways meet, and by large trees well known in the district, let him pass with his right hand toward them.

40. Let him not, though mad with desire, approach his wife, when her courses appear; nor let him then sleep with her in the same bed;

41. Since the knowledge, the manhood, the strength, the eye-sight, even the vital spirit of him, who approaches his wife thus defiled, utterly perish ;

42. But the knowledge, the manhood, the strength, the sight, and the life of him, who avoids her in that state of defilement, are greatly increased.

43. Let him neither eat with his wife, nor look at her eating, or sneezing, or yawning, or sitting carelessly at her ease;

44. Nor let a Bráhmen, who desires manly strength, behold her setting off her eyes with black powder, or scenting herself with essences, or baring her bosom, or bringing forth a child.

45. Let him not eat his food, wearing only a single cloth; nor let him bathe quite naked; nor let him eject urine or feces in the highway, nor on ashes, nor where kine are grazing.

46. Nor on tilled ground, nor in water, nor on wood raised for burning, nor, unless he be in great need, on a mountain, nor on the ruins of a temple, nor at any time on a nest of white ants;

47. Nor in ditches with living creatures in them, nor walking, nor standing, nor on the bank of a river,* nor on the summit of a mountain :

48. Nor let him ever eject them, looking at things moved by the wind, or at fire, or at a priest, or at the sun, or at water, or at cattle;

*The passage

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on the bank of a river," would be more exact if rendered on reaching the bank of a river."

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49. But let him void his excrements, having covered the earth with wood, potsherds,* dry leaves and grass, or the like, carefully suppressing his utterance, wrapping up his breast and his head:

50. By day let him void them with his face to the north; by night, with his face to the south; at sunrise and at sunset, in the same manner as by day;

51. In the shade or in darkness, whether by day or by night, let a Bráhmen ease nature with his face turned as he pleases; and in places where he fears injury to life from wild beasts or from reptiles.

52. Of him, who should urine against fire, against the sun or the moon, against a twice-born man, a cow, or the wind, all the sacred knowledge would perish.t

53. Let him not blow the fire with his mouth; let him not see his wife naked; let him not throw any foul thing into the fire; nor let him warm his feet in it;

54. Nor let him place it in a chafing dish under his bed; nor let him stride over it; nor let him keep it, while he sleeps, at his feet: let him do nothing that may be injurious to life.

55. At the time of sunrise or sunset, let him not eat, nor travel, nor lie down to rest; let him not idly draw lines on the ground; nor let him take off his own chaplet of flowers.

56. Let him not cast into the water either urine or ordure, nor saliva, nor cloth, or any other thing, soiled with impurity, nor blood, nor any kinds of poison.

57. Let him not sleep alone in an empty house; nor let him wake a sleeping man superiour to himself in wealth and in learning; nor let him speak to a woman at the time of her courses; nor let him go to perform a sacrifice, unattended by an officiating priest.

I have ventured to alter the word "potherb" into " 'potsherd," which I think must have been the word intended by the translator. The selection of potherbs, for the purpose noticed, carries with it something ridiculous, the sole intention of the injunction being to preserve the earth from contamination. The original passage is cásht'ha-lóshta-patra-trinádina,' ""with wood, clods, leaves, grass, and

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the like."

The words "in water," should be inserted, and then the passage will read "in water or against a twice-born man.'

58. In a temple of consecrated fire, in the pasture of kine, in the presence of Bráhmens, in reading the Véda, and in eating his food, let him hold out his right arm uncovered.

59. Let him not interrupt a cow while she is drinking, nor give notice to any, whose milk or water she drinks; nor let him, who knows right from wrong, and sees in the sky the bow of INDRA, show it to any man.

60. Let him not inhabit a town, in which civil and religious duties are neglected; nor, for a long time, one in which diseases are frequent; let him not begin a journey alone: let him not reside long on a mountain.

61. Let him not dwell in a city governed by a Súdra king, nor in one surrounded with men unobservant of their duties, nor in one abounding with professed hereticks, nor in one swarming with low-born outcasts.

62. Let him eat no vegetable, from which the oil has been extracted; nor indulge his appetite to satiety; nor eat either too early or too late; nor take any food in the evening, if he have eaten to fulness in the morning.

63. Let him make no vain corporeal exertion : let him not sip water taken up with his closed fingers let him eat nothing placed in his lap let him never take pleasure in asking idle questions.

64. Let him neither dance nor sing, nor play on musical instruments, except in religious rites; nor let him strike his arm, or gnash his teeth, or make a braying noise, though agitated by passion.

65. Let him not wash his feet in a pan of mixed yellow metal; nor let him eat from a broken dish, nor where his mind is disturbed with anxious apprehensions.

66. Let him not use either slippers or clothes, or a sacerdotal string, or an ornament, or a garland, or a waterpot, which before have been used by another.

67. With untrained beasts of burden let him not travel; nor with such, as are oppressed by hunger or by disease; nor with such as have imperfect horns, eyes, or hoofs; nor with such as have ragged tails:

68. But let him constantly travel with beasts well trained, whose pace is quick, who bear all the marks of a good breed,

who have an agreeable colour, and a beautiful form; giving them very little pain with his whip.*

69. The sun in the sign of Canyà, the smoke of a burning corse, and a broken seat, must be shunned: he must never cut his own hair and nails, nor ever tear his nails with his teeth.

70. Let him not break mould or clay without cause: let him not cut grass with his nails; let him neither indulge any vain fancy, nor do any act, that can bring no future advantage:

71. He, who thus idly breaks clay, or cuts grass, or bites his nails, will speedily sink to ruin; and so shall a detractor, and an unclean person.

72. Let him use no contumelious phrase: let him wear no garland except on his hair: to ride on the back of a bull or a cow, is in all modes culpable.

73. Let him not pass, otherwise than by the gate, into a walled town, or an inclosed house; and by night let him keep aloof from the roots of trees.

74. Never let him play with dice: let him not put off his sandals with his hand let him not eat, while he reclines on a bed, nor what is placed in his hand, or on a bench;

75. Nor, when the sun is set, let him eat anything mixed with tila; nor let him ever in this world sleep quite naked; nor let him go any whither with a remnant of food in his mouth.

76. Let him take his food, having sprinkled his feet with water; but never let him sleep with his feet wet: he, who takes his food with his feet so sprinkled, will attain long life.

77. Let him never advance into a place undistinguishable by his eye, or not easily passable: never let him look at urine or ordure; nor let him pass a river swimming with his

arms.

Here, as in v. 44 of Chap. III. the word pratóda should be rendered "goad," and not " whip."

"The sun in the sign canya." Canyà, in its general sense, means a virgin, and here designates the sign VIRGO.

We should here read, "let him not himself put off his sandals with his hand."