rising main at Bhaironghat and the other at Ganga water sump Benajhabar. A pre-chlorination dosage of in excess of 1 3 mg/l was applied. This was the maximum that could be arranged in a hurry for experimental purposes. The dead algae coagulated and floated in the flocculation chamber from where it was removed mannually. The average alum dose from April to June varied from 22.5 to 27.5 mg/l. Flash mixing alum and Improvement with the Hydraulic Jump and Alum feeding device Till the construction of Hydraulic Jumps at the Benajhabar Waterworks we had a set of mechanical flash mixers for treating 10 mgd. of raw water only at Kanpur Water Works and the rest of the raw water was taken directly into the flocculation chamber through raw water Water Works Rely on RAJ SLUICE VALVES And Fittings We also manufacture C. I. Plain ended Tee Bend, Reducer etc. Founders, Engineers & Suppliers Telephone: 45280 Hydraulic Jump At Benajhabar high which reduced at the later stage when the slum cakes got dissolved, reducing the surface area of contact with raw water. With the introduction of hydraulic jumps (mixing jumps about 2 ft.) and adopting the methods of sliding dry alum cakes at half hourly intervals in an indigenous mild steel bar cradle placed in the raw water channel has given grati fying results. An average total saving of about 40% in the consumption of alum in treating Ganga water has been recorded since July 8, 1977 It is worthy of mention that apart from the saving in the consump tion of alum the quality of the finished water improved considerably due to the telling fact that the pH of the water due to excess alum in solution as hither to fore reduced. Thus, reducing the corrosion in the supply pipes as well. The total saving in consumption of Alum between July 19/7 to February 978 was 403.5 metric tonnes. This in terms of money works out to about Rs. 2,35,560 (two lakh thirty five thousand five hundred & sixty) at the current rates of the said chemical. Water Supply Arrangements At Kanpur By S. P. Gangal, Executive Engineer, Tempy. Const. Division, U. P. Jal Nigam, Kanpur. Kanpur is the largest town of Uttar Pradesh having a population 12.73 lacs as per 1971 census. The population is growing at a fast rate and it is expected to be 28.40 lacs in the year 2001. Kanpur Water Works was established on 10.3.1892 with a capacity of supplying 18 mld (4MGD) treated water to a population of about two lacs at a rate of 90 1pcd (20 lpcd). The intake works were constructed at Bhaironghat at the river Ganga to pump the required quantity of raw water to the Water Works situated in Benajhabar about 3.Kms. away. Thereafter extensions have been carried out from time to time. At present the Water Works is treating about 200 MLD of water drawn from the river Ganga and the Lower Ganga Canal. The raw water pumps installed at the Intake are as follows: 2 Nos. Sulzer centrifugal pumps-of 110 MLD capacity each at 28.0 M. head with slip ring motors at 6.6 KV. The Author has shifted considerably away from the right bank. Desilting of this channel is done by dreadgers. Every year when the floods recede the channel is completely silted and desilting has to be done at a very high cost. Raw Water Quality Raw water was tested during the monsoons on two occassions and on subsequent 4 Nos. Worthington Simpson centrifugal days. The turbidity of raw water which pumps 25 MLD. each at a head od 31 m. There are two suction pipes 800 mm. diameter each. These are carried about 9 m. into the river bed on a jetty. The rising mains carrying water to the treatment plants are four in number, two of which are of 500 mm. dia, one of 600 mm. dia. and the fourth one of 450 mm. dia. was observed 256 units shot upto 1700 units During the period of monsoon the pH of raw water varied between 7.1 and 8.5, chloride between 6 and 25 mg/l, turbidity between 120 and 1700 units and coliform count between 200 and 2,40,000 (MPN/ 100ml). The pH of treated water varied between 6.75 and 8.6 mg/l, chloride between 6 and 25 mg/1, turbidity between 2 and 11.8 units and the residual chlorine between 0.15 and 1 mg/l. The coliform count of the treated water was almost-always Nil. The turbidity of treated water was observed to be more than 10 units a few Description of test. times which is not desirable as the viruses not destroyed by the chlorine treatment may attach to the suspended particles. On bathing festivals large crowds take bath in the river Ganga on the upstream side of the Intake works. A study of the water collected at upstream of the bathingghat and at the intake point was carried-out some time back on the occassion of one such bathing festival day to ascertain the effects of mass bathing on the quality of raw water. The results obtained were as follows : Sample taken from pH Alkalinity Total Hardness Total solids Turbidity Chloride Point upstream of Intake point D. O. C. O. D. It indicates that there is no marked difference in the quality of water at these two points. The increase in total solids indicate that there is churning of bottom 6.8 10.1 7.44-16.74 mg/1 sediments contributing to pollution of intake water. Hence it is not desirable to allow bathing upstream of Intake upto a point about 200 meters away. Chemplast Rigid PVC pipes Used against conventional piping materials you get the following benefits: • Lower installation cost: Being • Resistance to Tuberculation: lighter in weight, transportation, handling and installation costs lead to a saving of 40%. Do not require rustproof or surface painting. • Ease of installation: Solvent cementing of joints avoids the necessity for threading gives a permanent joint which is strong in longitudinal pulldoes not require skilled labour for installation. Longer life: Out-lasts any conventional pipe as it is completely corrosion-resistant; withstands severe acid and alkali soil conditions. Mirror smooth internal surface, Cost of maintenance: Rigid CHEMPLAST rigid PVC pipes Higher co-efficient of flow: in the size and range of 15 mm to CPI-6058R |