and Psalms of Dr. Henry King, Bishop of Chichester, annis 1641-73, gives a letter under date Dec. 13, 1639, addressed by the Bishop to his "Noble and much esteemed Friend, Mr. Powell at Fostill."

This Mr. Powell the editor believes to have been Richard Powell, of Forest Hill, near Oxford; and Fostill he considers to have been only a following of a corruption of common parlance, thus, Fo(rre)st-(h)ill.

The writer speaks of Mr. Powell in this letter as a friend of his deceased brother John, who was Public Orator, Oxon; Prebendary of Christ Church there, and of St. Paul's, London; Canon

of Windsor, and Rector of Remenham, co. Berks.,

ob. Jan. 2, 1638-9.

Can any reader of "N. & Q." give me any information or references by which to identify this Mr. Powell? JAMES KNOWLES.

[In the Life of Anthony à Wood, edit. 1848, p. 127., it is stated that "A. W. was born at Sandford neare Oxon, in the house of John Powell, gent., which was a house and preceptory somtimes belonging to the Knights Templars." To this passage Dr. Bliss has added the following particulars of the Powell family: "The Powells were a very ancient family long settled at, and possessing the manor of, Sandford; and the name will be regarded with the greater interest from the certainty that it is the same family with which Milton afterwards became connected by marriage; although the poet's father-in-law lived, it is said, at Forest hill. I suspect there were two families, nearly connected, but residing, the one at Sandford, the other at Forest hill. I find in the Matriculation Register, marked PP., the following entries; the two latter brothers-in-law of Milton:

"1628 Maij 23o. Aul. Alb. Gul. Powell Oxon. fil. Edmundi Powell de Sanford in com. p'd. gen. an. nat. 12. "1636. Mar. 10. Ædes Christi. Thomas Powell, Oxon. fil. 1us. Rich'i Powell de Fforest hill in com. p'd. arm. an. nat. 14.

"1640. Maii 18. Jacob. Powell, Oxon. fil. Rich'i Powell de Fforest hill in com. Oxon. arm. an. nat. 14.'"]

Lucas who visited Gizeh in 1699. - Of what family was the Lucas who visited and described the Pyramids of Gizeh in the year 1699, and what is the title of the work in which that description is given? A NORTH COUNTRYMAN.

[Paul Lucas, a French traveller, was the son of a merchant at Rouen, and born there in 1664. He first travelled in the Levant as a jeweller, after which he entered the Venetian service against the Turks. In 1699 he went to Egypt, and ascended the Nile as far as the cataracts. He returned to Paris in 1703, and published the narrative of his journey, entitled Voyage au Levant en 1699; contenant la Description de la haute et basse Egypte; avec une Carte du Nile, 2 vols. 12mo., Haye, 1705, 1709; Paris, 1714, 1731, which is frequently enlivened with a dash of the marvellous. His works were edited by Baudelot Dairval, Fourmont, and Barrier. Lucas died in Spain in 1737, whilst examining the antiquities of that country.]

“Fitting to a T."-In Boswell's Life of Dr. Johnson, the latter, after quoting a certain couplet, is reported to have added, “You see they'd have

[By Margaret Elizabeth Mary Jones. Waldenburg, which was written when the lady was "only in her fourteenth year," has been dramatised under a different title.]

if the printed book described below is valuable for Hebrew Work. - Can any of your readers say

its rarity? It bears date of the Jewish era 200, A.D. 1440. In Horne's Introduction, vol. v., it is stated that the first Hebrew work ever printed bears date 1477, thirty-seven years after this one.

The volume contains the Pentateuch in Hebrew and Chaldee, with points; the five books of Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Esther, besides the Haphtorah from the prophets. The Keri and Chethib are marked in the margin. At the back of the title-page given below are the arms of some Jewish family. The title-page is as follows:

A translation of the above would oblige, and a notice where any other copy of the same edition can be seen. C. E. S.

McCaul, of King's College, for the following transla[We are indebted to the kindness of the Rev. Dr. tion of the Hebrew: "The five fifths of the Law corrected accurately with all might and strength. We have placed their signs, the signs of the chapters and the Kri and Kthiv: with the Targum. So that eye has never seen the like. We have transcribed it from a very old book, purified seven times. Sons have seen it and have of it we have seen, and have thus rendered letter for letter, blessed it. Sages and prudent and have praised it. And word for word, according to its points and accents, so that it may be depended upon. And the beginning of our

work was here in Sabioneta, which is under the Government of the Lord Vespizian Gonzaga Colonna, may his Majesty be exalted. In the house of the Prince and the noble, the glory of the Lord Rabbi Tobia Foa. May his Rock and Redeemer preserve him. In the year 317-1557." The book is in the British Museum.]

Replies."

KING JOHN'S HOUSE AT SOMERTON.

(2nd S. iv. 28.)

I offer my best thanks to BALLIOL for his good intentions in correcting a supposed "great mistake" in my Monarchs retired from Business, wherein I say that the French King John was confined at Somerton, in Lincolnshire. To show that I am correct, I refer your correspondent to the Journal of the King's Expenses, published by M. Douet d'Arcq, which refers to the last year of his captivity; and also to the article contributed to the Philo-Biblion Society's volume last year, by the Duc d'Aumale. The "journal" was printed by the Société de l'Histoire de France. From three sources I took my authority for asserting that John was confined in Lincolnshire; and at Somerton I copied from the original French, "Somerton dans le Comté de Lincoln." In a transcript of the passage, the same words will be found in one of the July numbers of the Courrier de l'Europe, 1856. Here are authorities enough to demonstrate that I spoke "by the card;" and they who look into the Duc d'Aumale's paper must be satisfied that the French King John was never a prisoner at "Somerton in Somersetshire." The memoir by the Duc d'Aumale, founded on papers discovered by His Royal Highness among the archives of the House of Condé, was translated in the Gentleman's Magazine for October, 1856. Therein the original passage referring to one of the localities of the king's captivity is thus translated: "In December, 1358, steps were taken to remove the King of France to the castle of Somerton, in Lincolnshire." That John was confined in Lincolnshire is further proved by two circumstances. In the book of expenses above referred to, there is an entry for the hiring of a house at Lincoln for the autumnal quarter, including expenses for work done, 16s. ; and, moreover, when the king's furniture, &c., was sold, on his leaving "Somerton," one William Spain, of Lincoln, got "the king's bench" for nothing.

My own belief is, that "Somerton" is simply a mistake on the part of the original book-keeper, and should be "Somercot," in Lincolnshire. And this emendation I intend to make in a new edition of Monarchs retired from Business, which Mr. Bentley informs me is now required, and for which I beg to present to an indulgent public the acknowledgments of their grateful servant,

J. DORAN.

I think it will appear that the great mistake has not been made by DR. DORAN, but by your correspondent BALLIOL. I have never been in Lincolnshire, yet I venture to say that there is a Somerton Castle in that county. Some account of it, with engravings, may be seen in Hudson Turner's English Domestic Architecture, i. 172, 173. I venture further to state that there is most conclusive evidence that King John of France was there confined. See Rymer's Fœdera, vi. 113. 130, 131, 157–159. 161. 164. 167. 174, 175.

The above cited records are not inconsistent with his also having been confined at Somerton in Somersetshire, but I imagine that BALLIOL will find it rather difficult to establish the fact by substantial evidence. THOMPSON Cooper. Cambridge.

Not knowing on what authority DR. DORAN may have asserted that King John of France was confined at one time in the castle of Somerton, in Lincolnshire, I cannot pretend to say whether your correspondent BALLIOL is right or not, in calling the assertion a great mistake. But BALLIOL himself has committed a great mistake, in saying "There is no such place in Lincolnshire." He may see a brief account of Somerton castle; that its builder was Anthony Bec, Bishop of Durham; that the river Witham passes near it, in Camden's Britannia, description of Lincolnshire. And in Barth. Howlett's Selection of Views in the County of Lincoln, published by Miller in 1801, he may see an engraving of what remains of Somerton Castle, and the ancient mansion attached to its south-east tower; and a vignette of the remains of the north-east tower, with a letter-press description filling a page and a half, in which its distance from Lincoln is said to be eight miles along the Grantham road. H. W.

PORTRAIT (PROFILE) OF MARY STUART.

(2nd S. iv. 13. 32.)

Although, I believe, the Exhibition has closed, the discussion of this unsatisfactory and baffling subject still goes on. In Tait's Magazine, in 1847, I published a notice of the engravings of Mary collected by Mr. W. F. Watson, of Princes Street, Edinburgh; and in a more recent publication the following remarks regarding a profile of Mary, the electrotype of which was given me by an artist now deceased, of whom Canova declared him to be the finest master of bas-relief in the world the late John Henning, the restorer of the Elgin Marbles of Phygaleian and Parathenaic friezes :

"The most recent discoveries made in the course of digging in Old Church Street [no matter where] were, a small but extremely rare old coin of Queen Mary, which

the possessor presumes to mean Mary Queen of Scots, and if so, it is historically valuable for a variety of reasons, chiefly as determining the disputed point of her likeness. This point arose from the confusion engendered by the rage at one period prevalent amongst the French, and subsequently the Scotch ladies, for being painted à la Marie Stuart, -a circumstance that produced so many originals,' that it is now nearly impossible to tell what Mary Queen of Scots was like. Two authentic portraits alone are pointed out; one is in the hall of the Douay College in France, and another in possession of that eminent antiquary, Lord James Stuart, at Moray House, Fifeshire. Supposing that when Henry VIII. hanged Nicholas Heath, the last of the priors, high as Haman over the archway of his own abbey at Lenton, the rage of the English Reformation stimulated at the same time the destruction of the monastery, we should be at a loss to account for a coin of his daughter Mary turning up amidst the ruins, her coins bearing, moreover, the double likenesses of Philip and Mary.' But long as this English Mary's unfortunate cousin was detained in that vicinity under the husband of Bess of Hardwicke, Countess of Salisbury, it is by no means so improbable that her friends, visitors, or secret supporters, may have had some of her coins in their possession. Blended also as the neighbourhood is with associations relating to the Babingtons (whose arms remained in Thoroton's time impaled in a chamber window of an old house at Chilwell), could this coin, it may be inquired, have had any relation to the Babington conspiracy? On that head, as well as on the subject of Mary's veritable profile, we happen to possess a curious electrotyped cast of THE FORGED MEDAL produced against the imprisoned Queen at her trial for participating in Babington's conspiracy. It affects to bear the bastard Latin inscription, MARIA STOvvar regi Scoti Angli, with a large bust of Mary, which it is supposed must of necessity have been like, in order to render plausible the forgery which made her thus appear to pretend a right to Elizabeth's throne. The coin is very small, rude, and not intrinsically valuable, being composed of a silver alloy."

You will see that the reason assumed for considering this likeness a good one, was very likely to occasion its exclusion from the recent exhibition; and I do not in fact know whether it was included in it, not having the catalogue by me.

SHOLTO MACDuff.

JAMES HOWELL AND THE "EPISTOLÆ HO-ELIANÆ." (2nd S. iv. 10.)

The following extract, from Lloyd's Bibliotheca Biographia, will, I think, afford satisfaction to some of your correspondents as respects the dates and the most important events in Mr. Howell's life:

"Mr. Jas. Howell was born at Abernant, in Carmarthenshire, where his father was minister in 1594. After he was educated in grammar learning in the Free School of Hereford, he was sent in 1610 to Jesus College, where he took a degree in Arts. He then travelled for three years into several countries, where he improved himself in various languages. After his return, the reputation of his parts was so great, that he was made choice of to be sent into Spain to recover of the Spanish monarch a rich English ship seized by the Viceroy of Sardinia for his master's service, upon some pretence of prohibited goods being found in it. During his absence, he was elected

Fellow of Jesus College (1623). And upon his return, being patronized by Emmanuel, Lord Scroop, Lord President of the North, was made by him his Secretary. And while he resided in York, he was chosen by the Mayor and Aldermen of Richmond a Burgess for their corporation to sit in the Parliament which began in 1627. Four years after which he went Secretary to Robert, Earl of Leicester, Embassader Extraordinary from England to the King of Denmark, before whom he made several Latin speeches, shewing the occasion of the embassy, viz. to condole on the death of Sophia, Queen Dowager of Denmark, grandmother to Charles I., King of England.

"Mr. Howell enjoyed many beneficial employments, and at length was made one of the Clerks of the Council. But when the King and the Parliament quarrelled, and the royal interest declined, Mr. Howell was arrested by order of one of the Parliament's Committees, and carried to the Fleet, where, having nothing to depend on but his wits, he was obliged to write and translate Books for his subsistence. He is one of the first persons who may be said to have made a trade of authorship, having written no less than forty-nine books en different subjects.

"At the Restoration, Mr. Howell was made King's Historiographer, and is said to have been the first in England who bore that title.

"He had a great knowledge in modern Histories, especially in those of the countries in which he had travelled; and he seems by his writings to have been no contemptible politician. His poetry also was smoother and more harmonious than was very common with the bards of his time. He died in 1666, and was buried on the north side of the Temple Church."

Amongst the works Mr. Howell published

was

"Finetti Philoxenis; some Choice Observations of Sir John Finett, Knight, and Master of the Ceremonies to the two last Kings, touching the Reception and Precedence, the Treatment and Audience, the Punctilios and Contests of Foreign Ambassadors in England. Legati ligunt mundum.' 1656."

Mr. Howell also published the Diary of Sir John Finett, a most curious volume, quite preRaphaelite in its exactness, and throwing a very considerable light upon the events of the period.

Of Mr. Howell's royalist tendencies there is no doubt he took up the pen at an early period in the disputes between the King and his Parliament, and in one of the several pamphlets which he wrote, entitled The Land of Ire, he says:

"I pray that these grand refiners of Religion prove not quack salvers at last, that these upstart politicians prove not imperious tyrants. I have heard of some things which they have done, that if Machiavel himself were alive he would be reputed a Saint in comparison of them. The Roman ten, and the Athenian thirty tyrants, were mere babies to them; nay, the Spanish Inquisition, and the Council of Blood which the Duke d'Alva erected in Flanders, when he said that he would drown the Hollanders in their butter-tubs, was nothing to this, when I consider the prodigious power they have assumed to themselves, and its daily exercise over the bodies, the estates, and the souls of men."

There are some curious things to be found in Howell's Instructions and Directions for Foreign Travel, 1650. In this book he relates that, about a century before, a race of savage men were discovered in central Spain-Pythagorean, Troglo

SEPARATION OF SEXES IN CHURCHES.

(2nd S. iii. 108. 178.; iv. 54.)

To answer briefly some of the Queries of F. S. A., I would observe,

1. That the Apostolic Constitutions are undoubtedly genuine and authentic, so far as they really contain what was held in the second and third centuries to have been established by the Apostles. These Canons or Constitutions are well known to have existed before the Council of Nice, which followed and conformed to them. They are also cited as apostolical by St. Epiphanius: 'Aλa καὶ οἱ ̓Απόστολοί φασιν ἐν τῇ Διατάξει τῇ καλουμένῃ · κ. T. λ. (Hæres. XLV.) They probably originated in the East, but were equally valued and followed in the West.

2. I am not aware that any of the Latin Fathers make mention of the separation of the sexes in churches.

3. I strongly suspect, though I cannot prove, that this practice does prevail in several Roman Catholic churches, without any reference to their vicinity to Protestants. I know of several in England, where I am certain that the practice is followed, in accordance with the spirit and custom of the primitive Church, and without the slightest reference to what may prevail in other communicns. I may here mention that St. John Chrysostom merely testifies what no one contests, that at first the sexes were not separated. Still we have sufficient evidence that this practice prevailed very early. It is well known that the kiss of peace was given by the men to the men only, and by the women to the women; for which the sexes must have been placed separately. Fleury, in his Manners of the Christians, describing the arrangement of the faithful in the church, informs us, that the "Hearers were seated in order; the men on one side, and the women on the other; and to be more separated, the women went up in the high galleries, if there were any" (XL.). The historian Socrates moreover records of the holy Empress Helen, that she always prayed in the part appropriated to the women : ἐν τῷ γυναικων τάγματι (lib. i. cap. 17.).

5. In all, or most of our old English country churches, there is the women's door on the north side, by which they entered and quitted the church, and the men's door in like manner on the south side. In these churches the old benches are often met with, much more ancient than the

Replies to Minor Queries.

Col. Macerone (1st S. x. 153.; xi. 35.) — Reading in the British Museum, I was startled to see my own name in "N. & Q," and still more when I found that the tendency of the passage was to deny to my father's brother (Colonel Maceroni) the privilege of existence. Will you allow me to establish the first step for any future researches with regard to him by assuring you that he was no fiction. He was born in England of an Italian father and English mother. He lived in England till about thirteen; in Italy from that to about thirty, and in England for the rest of his life. He negociated between the Allies and Paris at the Capitulation, and about that time it was that he returned to England, as his Italian fortunes had been bound up with those of Marshal Murat (I have no papers by me and am writing from memory). He died July 25, 1846. It is necessary, perhaps, in order that my signature may not appear to deny my relationship, to explain that my great-grandfather, in consequence of a family disagreement, changed the spelling of his name from Maceroni to Macirone, and that when my uncle went to Italy and found that nearly all his Italian relations spelt their name Maceroni, he returned to the old way, while his brother, my father, remaining in England, still continued to spell his name as his father and grandfather had done before him. GEORGE AUGUSTUS MACIRONE.

Thomas Potter (2nd S. iv. 41.) — There can be no doubt, I think, that your well-informed correspondent, D., has successfully vindicated Wilkes from the authorship of The Essay on Woman. He has not, however, taken notice of Walpole's statement (Memoirs of Reign of George III., i. 310.), that Wilkes and Potter "had formerly composed this indecent patchwork in some of their bacchanalian hours:" but after reading D.'s evidence as to the date of its composition, I think every unprejudiced mind must be satisfied of Wilkes' entire freedom from any participation in its authorship. The object of my present note is, however, to direct your correspondent's attention to a statement (probably a slander of Walpole's) of which he has taken no notice, but which is certainly curious with reference to Potter's claim to the authorship and Warburton's conduct in the House of Lords:

"Bishop Warburton," says Walpole (i. 312.)," who had not the luck, like Lord Lyttelton, to have his conversion

believed by any one, foamed with the violence of a Saint Dominic; vaunted that he had combated infidelity and laid it under his feet; and said the blackest fiends in hell

would not keep company with Wilkes, and then begged Satan's pardon for comparing them together."

And shortly afterwards he proceeded to make a statement, on which D., from his obvious acquaintance with the secret history of the time, may per haps be able to throw some light. "Warburton's part was only ridiculous, and was heightened by its being known that Potter, his wife's gallant, had had the chief hand in the composition of the verses." In short, my query is does there exist any other statement than Walpole's as to the suspicion of an improper intimacy existing

between Potter and Mrs. Warburton?

W. P.

Rule of the Pavement (2nd S. iv. 26.) — Is there any rule laid down by the Commissioners of Police, that policemen shall "take the wall?" The metropolitan police do so continually, without paying any attention to the "rule of the pavement.' Surely those in authority ought to set a good example to others. I hope that the Commissioners have seen No. 80. of "N. & Q. ;" and that they have given, or will give, their men instructions to observe the "rule of the pavement." I. J. For the information of C. E., I may tell him that at Dresden, and many other towns in Germany, on crossing a bridge it is essential to take your right hand, a "trottoir" being given up, one on each side, for passengers crossing. I was once angrily spoken to by a German, having ignorantly taken the left hand side of the bridge. M. W. C.

Alnwick.

General Wolfe (2nd S. iv. 44.) – As you have been occupied lately regarding the heroic conqueror of Canada, of whom so little unfortunately is known, you may perhaps interest your readers by inserting the following inscription (if it be not already in the "N. & Q.") to him, and to his gallant opposer the Marquis de Montcalm. It is placed upon a monument erected to their memory at Quebec,-I believe on the "Plains of Abraham:"

"Mortem Virtus communem, Famam Historia, Monumentum Posteritas dedit."

I knew an old gentleman, who died about the year 1832, at the age of ninety-six or ninety-seven, Colonel Dalrymple, who was in Wolfe's regiment, the 20th Foot, and had seen him; he also stood very near Admiral Byng during his trial on board the "Monarch" at Portsmouth.

Kensington.

R.

O'Neill Pedigree (2nd S. iv. 38.)- Your correspondent, J. MACKELL, is quite wrong in alleging that" no letters" on this subject ever appeared

These

in the Belfast Commercial Chronicle. letters not only appeared in that paper (about 1838), long ere the Belfast Daily Mercury was in existence, but being from the pen of Mr. Montgomery, a solicitor in Belfast, were republished The volume, which came into my possession as in a separate volume as The Montgomery MSS. part of the chain of evidence connected with a phrey's), remained with me up till a few months case or claim to the Stirling peerage (not Humago, when I gave it away, as I was moving my books. SHOLTO MACDUFF.

Cox's Museum (2nd S. iv. 32.) I have in my possession, bound up with other pamphlets,

"A descriptive Catalogue of the several superb and magnificent pieces of Mechanism and Jewellery exhibited in the Museum at Spring Gardens, Charing Cross. Tickets a Quarter-Guinea each. 1773."

Although the catalogue describes the action of the several parts of the mechanism, and two or rather "pieces" have bulls occupying a prominent position in them, no reference is made to their eyes as, like the poet's, "rolling."

VARLOV AP HARRY.

George Washington an Englishman (2nd S. iv. 39.) The Penny Cyclopædia is right. By reference to Jared Sparks' Life of Washington, it will be seen that he was born Feb. 22, 1732-3, in Westmoreland County, Virginia; no doubt at Bridge's Creek on the Potomac river. A pedigree of his family is given in Baker's Northamp tonshire, vol. i. p. 514. In the date of his birth, Feb. 11. is there put for Feb. 22. L. (1.)

"Which the world will not willingly let die" (2nd S. iii. 30.) I trace the origin of the phrase to Milton: let those who can go further do so. In "The Reason of Church Government urg'd against Prelacy," Works, Pickering, 1851, vol. iii. p. 144., after stating the success of his early education in England ("it was found that whether ought was impos'd me by them that had the overlooking, or betak'n to of mine own choice in English, or other tongue, prosing or versing, but chiefly this latter, the stile by certain vital signes it had was likely to live"), and that he had afterwards resorted to the private academies of Italy, where he had received "written Encomiums which the Italian is not forward to bestow on men of this side the Alps," he adds:

"I began thus farre to assent both to them and divers of my friends here at home, and not less to an inward prompting which now grew daily upon me, that by labour and intent study (which I take to be my portion in this life), joyn'd with the strong propensity of nature, I might perhaps leave something so written to after times, as they should not willingly let it die."

For thus speaking of himself Milton, in graceful terms, craves "to have courteous pardon: "For although a Poet soaring in the high region of his