An advocate, in the general import of the word, is that person who has the pleading and management of a judicial cause. In a strict way of speaking, only that person is stiled advocate, who is the patron of the cause, and is often, in Latin, termed togatus, and, in English, a person of the long robe. Ayliffe's Parergon. Learn what thou ow'st thy country and thy friend; What's requisite to spare, and what to spend : Learn this; and, after, envy not the store Of the greas'd advocate that grinds the poor. Dryden. 2. He that pleads any cause, in whatever manner, as a controvertist or vindicator. If she dares trust me with her little babe, I'll shew't the king, and undertake to be Her advocate to the loudest. Shakspeare. Of the several forms of government that have been, or are, in the world, that cause seems commonly the better, that has the better advocate, or is advantaged by fresher experience, Temple's Miscellanies. 3. It is used with the particle for before, the person or thing, in whose favour the plea is offered. Pope. Foes to all living worth except your own, And advocates for folly dead and gone. 4. In the scriptural and sacred sense, it stands for one of the offices of our Redeemer. Me, his advocate, And propitiation; all his works on me, Good, or not good, ingraft. Paradise Lost. ADVOCATION. n. s. [from advocate.] The office or act of pleading; plea; apology. My advocation is not now in tune; My lord is not my lord; nor should I know him, Were he in favour, as in humour, alter'd. Shaks. ADVOLATION. n. s. [udvolo, advolatum, Lat.] The act of flying to something. Dict. ADVOLUTION. n. s. [advolutio, Lat.] The act of rolling to something. ADVO’UTRY. n. s. [avoutrie, Fr.] Adultery. He was the most perfidious man upon the earth, and he had made a marriage compounded between an advoutry and a rape. Bacon's Hen. VII. ADVOWE'. n. s. He that has the right of advowson. See ADVOWSON. ADVO'WSON, or ADVo'wZEN. n. s. [In common law.] A right to present to a benefice, and signifies as much as Jes Patronatus. In the canon law, it is so termed, because they that originally obtained the right of presenting to any church, were great benefactors thereto; and are therefore termed sometimes Patron, sometimes Advocali. Cowell. To ADU'RE. V. n. [aduro, Lat.] To burn up. Not in use. Such a degree of heat, which doth neither melt nor scorch, doth mellow, and not adure. Bacon's Natural History. ADU'ST. adj. [adustus, Lat.] 1. Burnt up; hot as with fire; scorched. By this means, the virtual heat of the water will enter; and such a heat as will not make the body adust or fragile. Bacon. Which with torrid heat, And vapours as the Libyan air adust, Began to parch that temperate clime. Par. Lost. 2. It is generally now applied, in a medicinal or philosophical sense, to the complexion and humours of the body. Such humours are adust, as, by long heat, become of a hot and fiery nature, as choler, and the like. Quincy. To ease the soul of one oppressive weight, This quits an empire, that embroils a state. The same adust complexion has impell'd Charles to the convent, Philip to the field. Pope. ADU'STED. adj. [See ADUST.] 1. Burnt; scorched; dried with fire. 2. Hot, as the complexion. They are but the fruits of adusted choler, and the evaporations of a vindictive spirit. Horvel. ADU'STIBLE. adj. [from adust.] That ADU'STION. 1. s. [from adust.] The act may be adusted, or burnt up. Dict. of burning up, or drying, as by fire. This is ordinarily a consequent of a burning colliquative fever; the softer parts being melted away, the heat continuing its edustion upon the drier and fleshy parts, changes into a marcid fever. Harvey on Consumptions. ADz. n. s. See ADDICE. AE, or E. A diphthong of very frequent use in the Latin language, which seems not properly to have any place in the English; since the of the Saxons has been long out of use, being changed to e simple, to which, in words frequently occurring, the a of the Romans is, in the same manner, altered, as in equator, equinoctial, and even in Eneas. EGLOGUE. . . [written instead of eclogue, from a mistaken etymology.] A pastoral; a dialogue in verse between goatherds. Which moved him rather in aglogues otherwise to write, doubting, perhaps, his ability, which he little needed, or minding to furnish our tongue with this kind wherein it faulteth. Spenser's Past. EGILOPS.. 5. Easytaw, signifying goateyed, the goat being subject to this ailment.] A tumour or swelling in the great corner of the eye, by the root of the nose, either with or without an inflammation: also a plant so called, for its supposed virtues against such a distemper. Quincy. Egilops is a tubercle in the inner canthus of the eye. Wiseman's Surgery. EGYPTI'ACUM. n. s. An ointment consisting only of honey, verdigrease, and vinegar. Quincy EL, or EAL, or AL in compound names, ELF [which, according to various dialects, is pronounced ulf, welph, hulph, bilp, belfe, and, at this day, helpe] implies assistance. So Elfwin is victorious; and Elfwold, an auxiliary governour; Elfgifa, a lender of assistance: with which Boetius, Symmachus, Epicurus, &c. bear a plain analogy. Gibson's Camden. ENIGMA. See ENIGMA. AERIAL. adj. [aërius, Lat.] 1. Belonging to the air, as consisting of it. The thunder, when to roll With terrour through the dark aerial hall. Paradise Lost. From all that can with fins or feathers fly, Thro' the aerial or the wat'ry sky. Prior. 4. Placed in the air. Locke. Pope. Here subterranean works and cities see, There towns aerial on the waving tree. 5. High; elevated in situation, and therefore in the air. 4 A spacious city stood, with firmest walls Sure mounded, and with numerous turrets crown'd,' Aerial spires, and citadels, the seat Of kings and heroes resolute in war. Philips. A'ERIE, n. s. [airie, Fr.] The proper word, in hawks and other birds of prey, for that which we generally call a nest Corvell. in other birds. AERO'LOGY. n. s. [ång and λáy.] The doctrine of the air. Dict. A'EROMANCY. n. s. [ång and púvois.] The art of divining by the air. Dict. AEROMETRY. n. s. [ang and piliw.] The art of measuring the air. Dict. AERO'SCOPY. n, s, [dng and oxinlw.] The observation of the air, Dict. 'THIOPS-MINERAL. ", 5. A medicine so called from its dark colour, prepared of quicksilver and sulphur, ground together in a marble mortar to a black powder. Such as have used it most, think its virtues not very great. Quincy. ÆTITES. n. s. [, an eagle.] Eagle. stone. It is about the bigness of a chesnut, and hollow, with somewhat in it that rattles upon shaking. Quincy, AFA'R adv. [from a forat, and far.] SeeFAR. 1. At a great distance. So shaken as we are, so win with care, We hear better when we hold our breath than contrary; insomuch as in listening to attain a sound afar off, men hold their breath. Bacon. 2. To or from a great distance. Hector hastened to relieve his boy; Dismiss'd his burnish'd helm that shone afar, The pride of warriours, and the pomp of war. Dry. 3. From afar; from a distant place. The rough Vulturnus, furious in its course, With rapid streams divides the fruitful grounds, And from afar in hollow murmur sounds. Add. 4. Afar off; remotely distant. Much suspecting his secret ends, he entertained a treaty of peace with France, but secretly and afar off, and to be governed as occasions should vary. Sir John Hayward. AFE'ARD. part. adj. [from to fear, for to fright, with a redundant.] 1. Frighted; terrified; afraid. He loudly bray'd, that like was never heard, And from his wide devouring oven sent A flake of fire, that flashing in his beard, Him all amaz'd, and almost made afeard. Fairy Queen. But tell me, Hal, art thou not horribly ofeard? Thou being heir apparent, could the world pick thee out three such enemies again? Shakspeare. Till he cherish too much beard, And make Love or me afeard. Ben Jonson. 2. It has the particle of before the object of fear. Fear is described by Spenser to ride in armour, at the clashing whereof he looks afcard of himself, Peacham. It is now obsolete; the last author whom I have found using it, is Sedley. AFER . s. [Lat.] The southwest wind. With adverse blast upturns them fromthe south, Notus and Afer, black with thund'rous clouds. Milton's Paradise Lost. AFFABILITY. n. s. [uffabilué, Fr. affamlitas, Lat. See AFFABLE.] The quality of being affable; easiness of manners; courteousness; civility; condescension. It is commonly used of superiours. Hearing of her beauty and her wit, Her affability and bashful modesty, Her wond'rous qualities, and mild behaviour. Shakspeare. He was of a most flowing courtesy and affe bility to all men, and so desirous tooblige them, that he did not enough consider the value of the obligation, or the merit of the person. Clarendon. All instances of charity, sweetness of conversation, affability, admonition, all significations of tenderness, care and watchfulness, must be expressed towards children. Taylor. It is impossible for a publick minister to be so open and easy to all his old friends, as he was in his private condition; but this may be helped out by an affability of address. L'Estrange A'FFABLE. adj. [uffable, Fr. affabil, Lat.] 1. Easy of manners; accostable: courteous; complaisant. It is used of superiours. He was affable, and both well and fair spoken, and would use strange sweetness and blandishment of words, where he desired to affect or persuade any thing that he took to heart. Bacon. Her father is An affable and courteous gentleman. Shakspeare. Gentle to me, and affable hath been Thy condescension, and shall be honour'd ever With grateful memory. Paradise Lost. 2. It is applied to the external appearance; benign; mild; favourable. Augustus appeared, looking round him with a serene and affable countenance upon all the writers of his age. Tatler. AFFABLENESS. n. s. [from affable.] Courtesy; affability. AFFABLY. adv. [from affable.] In an affable manner; courteously; civilly. A'FFABROUS. adj. [affabre, Fr.] Skilfully made; complete; finished in a workmanlike manner, Dict. AFFABULATION. n. s. [affabulatio, Lat.] Dict. The moral of a fable. AFFAIR. n. s. [affaire, Fr.] Business; something to be managed or transacted. It is used for both private and public A good acquaintance with method will greatly assist every one in ranging, disposing, and managing all human affairs. What St. John's skill in state affairs, Watts. Swift. To AFFE'AR, v, n, [from affier, Fr.] To confirm; to give a sanction to; to establish an old term of law. Bleed, bleed, poor country! His title is affear'd. Shakspeare's Macbeth. To AFFECT. v. a. [uffecier, Fr. afficio, affectum, Lat.] 1. To act upon; to produce effects in any other thing. The sun Had first his precept so to move, so shine, As might affect the earth with cold and heat, Scarce tolerable. Milton's Paradise Lost, The generality of men are wholly governed by names, in matters of good and evil; so far as these qualities relate to, and affect, the actions "South's Sermons. Yet even those two particles do reciprocally affect each other with the same force and vigour, as they would do at the same distance in any other situation imaginable. Bentley's Sermons. 2. To move the passions. of men. As a thinking man cannot but be very much affected with the idea of his appearing in the presence of that Being, whom none can see and live; he must be much more affected, when he considers, that this Being, whom he appears before, will examine the actions of his life, and reward o punish him accordingly. Addison's Spectator. 3. To aim at; to aspire to; spoken of per sons. 4. Atrides broke His silence next, but ponder'd ere he spoke: Wise are thy words, and glad I would obey, But this proud man affects imperial sway. Dryd. To tend to; to endeavour after spok en of things. The drops of every fluid affect a round figure, by the mutual attraction of their parts; as the globe of the earth and sea affects a round figure, by the mutual attraction of its parts by gravity. Neruton's Opticks. 5. To be fond of; to be pleased with; to love; to regard with fondness. 6. That little which some of the heathen did chance to hear, concerning such matter as the sacred Scripture plentifully containeth, they did in wonderful sort affect. Hooker. There is your crown; And he that wears the crown immortally Fairfax. None but a woman could a man direct To tell us women what we most affect. Dryden. To make a show of something; to study the appearance of any thing: with some degree of hypocrisy. Another nymph, amongst the many fair, Before the rest affected still to stand, And watch'd my eye, preventing my command. Prior. These often carry the humour so far, till their affected coldness and indifference quite kills all the fondness of a lover. Addison's Spectator. Coquet and coy at once her air, Both studied, though both seem neglected; Congreve. The conscious husband, whom like symptoms seize, Charges on her the guilt of their disease; Affecting fury, acts a madman's part, He'llripthe fatal secret from her heart. Granville, 7. To imitate in an unnatural and constrained manner. Spenser, in affecting the ancients, writ no language; yet I would have him read for his matter, but as Virgil read Ennius. Ben Jonson. 8. To convict of some crime; to attaint with guilt a phrase merely juridical. By the civil law, if a dowry with a wife be promised and not paid, the husband is not obliged to allow her alimony. But if her pas rents shall become insolvent by some misfortune, she shall have alimony, unless you can affect them with fraud, in promising what they knew they were not able to perform. Ayliffe's Parergon, AFFECT. 2.5. [from the verb.] 1. Affection; passion; sensation. It seemeth that as the feet have a sympathy with the head, so the wrists have a sympathy with the heart; we see the affects and passions of the heart and spirits are notably disclosed by the pulse. Bacon's Natural History. 2. Quality; circumstance. I find it difficult to make out one single ulcer, as authors describe it, without other symptoms or affects joined to it. Wiseman. This is only the antiquated word for affection. AFFECTATION. n. s. [affectatio, Lat.] 1. Fondness; high degree of liking: commonly with some degree of culpability. In things of their own nature indifferent, if either councils or particular men have at any time, with sound judgment, misliked conformity between the church of God and infidels, the cause thereof hath been somewhat else than only affectation of dissimilitude. Hooker. 2. An artificial show; an elaborate appearance; a false pretence. It has been, from age to age, an affectation to lové the pleasure of solitude, among those who cannot possibly be supposed qualified for passing life in that manner. Spectator. AFFECTED. part. adj. [from affeci.] 1. Moved; touched with affection; internally disposed or inclined. No marvel then if he were ill affected. Shak. The model they seemed affected to in their directory, was not like to any of the foreign reformed churches now in the world. Clarendon. 2. Studied with overmuch care, or with hypocritical appearance. These antick, lisping, affected phantasies, these new tuners of accents. Shakspeare. 3. In a personal sense, full of affectation; as, an affected lady. AFFECTEDLY. adv. [from affected.] 1. In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more appearance than reality. Perhaps they are affectedly ignorant; they are so willing it should be true, that they have not attempted to examine it. Gov. of the Tongue. Some indeed have been so affectedly vain, as to counterfeit immortality; and have stolen their death, in hopes to be esteemed immortal. Brown. By talking so familiarly of one hundred and ten thousand pounds, by a tax upon a few commodities, it is plain, you are either naturally or affectedly ignorant of our condition. Swift. 2. Studiously; with laboured intention. Some mispersuasions, concerning the divine attributes, tend to the corrupting men's manners, as if they were designed and affectedly chosen for that purpose. Decay of Piety. AFFECTEDNESS. n. s. [from affected.] The quality of being affected, or of making false appearances. AFFECTION. n. s. [fection, Fr. affectio, Lat.] 1. The state of being affected by any cause, or agent. This general sense is little in use. Some men there are love not a gaping pig; Some that are mad if they behold a cat; And others, when the bagpipe sings i' th' nose, Cannot contain their urine, for affection. Shaksp. 2. Passion of any kind. Then gan the palmer thus: most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend; In their beginning they are weak and wan, But soon through sufferance grow to fearful end. Fairy Queen. Impute it to my late solitary life, which is prone to affections. Sidney. Affections, as joy, grief, fear, and anger, with such like, being, as it were, the sundry fashions and forms of appetite, can neither rise at the conceit of a thing indifferent, nor yet choose but rise at the sight of some things. Hooker. To speak truth of Cæsar, I have not known when his affections sway'd More than his reason. Shakspeare. Zeal ought to be composed of the highest degrees of pious affections: of which some are milder and gentler, some sharper and more vehement. Sprat. I can present nothing beyond this to your affections, to excite your love and desire. Tillotson. 3. Love; kindness; good-will to some person: often with to or toward before the person. I have acquainted you With the dear love I bear to fair Anne Page, Who mutually hath answer'd my affection. Shakspeare. My king is tangled in affection to A creature of the queen's, lady Anne Bullen. Shakspeare. What warmth is there in your affections teward any of these princely suitors? Shaksp Make his interest depend upon mutual effec tion and good correspondence with others. Collier. Nor at first sight, like most, admires the fair; For you he lives, and you alone shall share His last affection as his early care. Pope. 4. Good-will to any object; zeal; passionate regard. 5. I have reason to distrust mine own judgment, as that which may be overborn by my zeal and affection to this cause. Bacon. Set your affection upon my words; desire them, and ye shall be instructed. Wisdom. His integrity to the king was without blemish, and his affection to the church so notorious, that he never deserted it. Clarendon. All the precepts of christianity command us to moderate our passions, to temper our affections towards all things below. Temple. Let not the mind of a student be under the influence of warm affection to things of sense, when he comes to the search of truth. Watts. State of the mind in general. There grows, In my most ill-compos'd affection, such I should cut off the nobles for their lands.Shaks. 6. Quality; property. Shakspeare. The certainty and accurateness which is attributed to what mathematicians deliver, must be restrained to what they teach concerning those purely mathematical disciplines, arithmetick and geometry, where the affections of quantity are abstractedly considered. Boyle. The mouth being necessary to conduct the voice to the shape of its cavity, necessarily gives the voice some particular affection of sound in its passage, before it come to the lips. Holder. God may have joined immaterial souls to other kinds of bodies, and in other laws of union; and, from those different laws of union, there will arise quite different affections and natures, and species of the compound beings. Bentley. 7. State of the body, as acted upon by any cause. It seemed to me a venereal gonorrhea, and others thought it arose from some scorbutical affection. Wiseman's Surgery. 8. Lively representation in painting. Affection is the lively representment of any passion whatsoever, as if the figures stood not upon a cloth or board, but as if they were acting upon a stage. Wotton's Architecture. 9. It is used by Shakspeare sometimes for affectation. There was nothing in it that could indict the author of affection. Shakspeare. AFFECTIONATE. adj. [affectionné, Fr. from affection.] 1. Full of affection; strongly moved; warm: zealous. In their love of God, and desire to please him, men can never be too affectionate; and it is as true, that in their hatred of sin men may be sometimes too passionate. Sprat's Sermons. 2. Strongly inclined to; disposed to: with the particle 10. As for the parliament, it presently took fire, being affectionate, of old, to the war of France. Bacon's Henry VII. 3. Fond; tender. He found me sitting, beholding this picture: I know not with how affectionate countenance, but, I am sure, with a most affectionate mind. Away they fly Affectionate, and undesiring bear 4. Benevolent; tender. Sidney. Thomson. When we reflect on all this affectionate care of Providence for our happiness, with what wonder must we observe the little effect it has on men! Rogers' Sermons. AFFECTIONATELY. adv. [from affection. are.] In an affectionate manner; fondly; tenderly; benevolently. AFFECTIONATENESS. n. s. [from affectionate.] The quality or state of being affectionate; fondness; tenderness; good-will; benevolence. AFFECTIONED. adj. [from affectionate.] 1. Affected; conceited. This sense is obsolete. An affectioned ass, that cons state without book, and utters it by great swaths. Shakspeare. 2. Inclined; mentally disposed. Be kindly affectioned one to another. Romans. AFFECTIOUSLY. adv. [from affect.] In Dict. an affecting manner. AFFECTIVE. adj. [from affect.] That does affect; that strongly touches. It is generally used for painful. Pain is so uneasy a sentiment, that very little of it is enough to corrupt every enjoyment; and the effect God intends this variety of ungrateful and effective sentiments should have on us, is to reclaim our affections from this valley of tears. Rogers. AFFECTUO'SITY. n. s. [from affectuous.] Passionateness. Dict. AFFECTUOUS. adj. [from affect.] Full of passion; as, an affectuous speech: a word little used. To AFFE'RE. v. a. [affier, Fr.] A law term, signifying to confirm. See To AFFEAR. AFFE'RORS. n. s. [from affere.] Such as are appointed in court-leets, &c. upon oath, to mulct such as have committed faults arbitrarily punishable, and have no express peCorvell. nalty set down by statute. AFFI'ANCE. n. s. [affiance, from affier, French.] 1. A marriage contract. 2. At last such grace I found, and means I wrought, That I that lady to my spouse had won, Accord of friends, consent of parents sought, Affiance made, my happiness begun. Fairy Queen, Trust in general; confidence; secure reliance. The duke is virtuous, mild, and too well given To dream on evil, or to work my downfall.-Ah! what's more dangerous than this fond affiance? Seems he a dove? his feathers are but borrow'd. Shakspeare's Henry v1. 3. Trust in the divine promises and protection. To this sense it is now almost confined. Religion receives man into a covenant of grace, where there is pardon reached out to ail truly penitent sinners, and assistance promised, and engaged, and bestowed, upon very easy con ditions, viz. humility, prayer, and affiance in him. Hammond's Fundamentals. There can be no surer way to success, than by disclaiming all confidence in ourselves, and referring the events of things to God with an implicit affiance. Atterbury's Sermons. To AFFIANCE. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To betroth; to bind any one by promise to marriage. To me, sad maid, or rather widow sad, And sacred pledges he both gave and had; False, errant knight, infamous and foreswore! Fairy Queen. Her should Angelo have married, was af fianced to her by oath, and the nuptial appointed; between which time of the contract, and limit of the solemnity, his brother was wrecked, having in that vessel the dowry of his sister. Shakspeare's Measure for Measure. 2. To give confidence. Stranger! whoe'er thou art, securely rest Affianc'd in my faith, a friendly guest. Pope. AFFI'ANCER. n. s. [from fiance.] He that makes a contract of marriage beDict. tween two parties. AFFIDATION.) n. s. [from affido, Lat, AFFIDA'TURE. See AFFIED.] Mutual contract; mutual oath of fidelity. Dirt. AFFIDAVIT, n. s. [affidarmt signifies, in the language of the common law, be maile outb.] A declaration upon oath. |