August 1.-Four Mexican citizens are reported as having been killed by the Apache Indians at the Conchas. Twelve hundred and nine Navajoes and twelve Apaches left Los Pinos, N. Mex., for the Bosque Redondo. These Indians had in their possession 357 horses, 19 mules, and 2,005 sheep and goats.

August 3.-A band of Apache Indians, having captives, sheep, horses, burros, and cattle, were discovered near Alamo Gordo by Delgadito Chiquito, Navajo chief, who sent a messenger to Fort Sumner to inform the commanding officer of the fact. Thirty-five men of the California cavalry were sent in pursuit, also a strong party of Navajoes from the reservation. In the meantime Delgadito's party attacked the Apaches and were defeated, with a loss of 1 killed and 3 wounded, amongst the latter Delgadito himself. The party of Navajoes from the post came upon the Apaches and took from them 500 sheep and 13 burros.

August 6.-Mr. Charles G. Parker's train, en route to Chihuahua, Mexico, was attacked by the Mescalero Apaches twenty miles below the Gallinas Mountains. The Indians drove off about fifty mules. They were followed by the wagon-master and some teamsters, but succeeded in driving off the animals. Two men were severely wounded.

August 7.-Sergt. B. F. Fergusson, of Company E, Fifth Infantry California Volunteers, with a party of men, attacked fifteen Apaches who were seen approaching the camp on the Rio Carlos, and killed 5 of them.

August. The command which left Fort Cummings on the 5th day of August on a scout to Lake Guzman killed 1 Indian near the Florida Mountains. Very few Indians were seen, they having evidently deserted the country on the approach of the troops, who on this scout marched 1,200 miles.

August 13.-Lieut. Henry Becker, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, left Fort Canby, N. Mex., with 92 Indian prisoners and 800 head of sheep. On the route to Los Pinos he was joined by 151 Indians, having in their possession 700 sheep and 85 horses. The Indians and stock were turned over to the commanding officer at Los Pinos.

August.-Col. King S. Woolsey reports that while on a scout after Indians near the Rio Prieto one of his men, named J. W. Beauchamp, was waylaid and killed by the Apache Indians.

August.-Maj. Thomas J. Blakeney, First Cavalry California Volunteers, on a scout of thirty days after Apache Indians, killed 10 and captured 2 Indians, and destroyed 20 acres of corn and large quantities of pumpkins, beans, &c.

August.-Capt. Henry A. Greene, First Infantry California Volunteers, on a scout after Indians from Fort McRae, N. Mex., killed 5 Indians and captured 6; 19 head of beef-cattle were recovered from the Indians.

August.-Capt. John S. Thayer, Fifth Infantry California Volunteers, left Fort Goodwin, Ariz. Ter., with his company on a scout after Indians. On the fourth day out the company destroyed about seventy acres of corn; also several small fields of beans and pumpkins. On the sixth day came upon a party of Indians. Wounded several and captured 1, who was afterward shot while attempting to escape. A Mexican captive was rescued from these Indians. On the eighth day out attacked a party of Indians and killed 6 and wounded 2.

August 25.-Capt. Francis McCabe, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, reports that while on a scout after Indians in the Sacramento

Mountains he detached a party under Lieut. Henry W. Gilbert, of the same regiment, to follow the trail of the Indians. Lieutenant Gilbert took with him twenty men. The party, although warned by the guide, marched in a body directly into an ambush, when Lieutenant Gilbert was killed at the first fire. The guide Sanches and Private Ma. Sandoval were killed and 3 men wounded; 1 Apache killed and 5 wounded. This command were leading their horses when the attack was made. The men after the fall of their officer shamefully abandoned their horses. The Indians got the most of the horses and equipments.

September 19.-Lieut. Patrick Healy, First Infantry New Mexico Volunteers, with a detachment of ten men, while in pursuit of Indians, entered the town of Canada de Alamosa, N. Mex., where 5 Indians were captured. One of the Indians afterward made his escape.

September 25.-Capt. William Ayres, First Infantry New Mexico Volunteers, learning that a party of Indians were at Canado de Alamosa, started in pursuit of them and succeeded in capturing 1 man, 4 women, and 1 child. The others made their escape to the mountains. October 20.-A band of Navajo Indians attacked Mr. Huning's train, on the Colorado Chiquito, and succeeded in driving off 700 or 800 head of sheep, the property of Capt. Joseph P. Hargrave.

November 6.-Some Indians are said to have run off 500 sheep from the headwaters of the Rio Puerco, belonging to Don Inez Perea.

November 8.-On the 8th of November some Navajoes and Apaches from the west run off 3,000 head of sheep belonging to Don José Pino y Vaca, four miles from Limitar, N. Mex., and killed four pastores, who had the sheep in charge. Their names were Antonio Gallegos, Romaldo Peralta, Francisco Capillo, and Lenovio Sarcilla. Instructions were sent to Major Eaton, commanding at Fort Wingate, to cross the country to the Rito Quemado and endeavor to cut the trail of the Indians.

November 9.—A Navajo Indian found lurking near the Government herd at Fort Sumner was arrested by the herd guard, and in attempting to make his escape was killed.

November 25.-Col. Christopher Carson, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, with the command, consisting of 14 commissioned officers, 321 enlisted men, and 75 Indians, Apaches and Utes, attacked a Kiowa village of about 150 lodges, near the Adobe Fort on the Canadian River in Texas, and after a severe fight compelled the Indians to retreat, with a loss of sixty killed and wounded. The village was then destroyed. The engagement commenced at 8.30 a. m. and lasted without intermission until sunset. In this fight Privates John H. O'Donnell and John Sullivan, of Company M, First Cavalry California Volunteers, were killed, and Corpl. D. M. Newman, Privates Theodore Briggs, T. Jamieson, [John W.] Mapes, Jasper Winant, J. Horsley, of Company B, and [Henry C.] Holzgrofen, of Company G, First Cavalry California Volunteers; Antonio Duro and Antonio Sanches, of Company M, and H. Romero, of Company I, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, were wounded. Four Utes wounded. Colonel Carson in his report mentions the following officers as deserving the highest praise: Major McCleave, Captain Fritz, and Lieutenant Heath, of the First Cavalry California Volunteers; Captains Deus and Berney, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers; Lieutenant Pettis, First Infantry California Volunteers; Lieutenant Edgar, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers; and Asst. Surg. George S. Courtright, U. S. Volunteers. The com mand destroyed 150 lodges of the best manufacture, a large amount

of dried meats, berries, buffalo robes, powder, cooking utensils, &c.; also a buggy and spring wagon, the property of Sierrito, or Little Mountain, the Kiowa chief.

November 27.-An Apache Indian, in attempting to escape from Captain Thompson's company, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, en route to Fort Whipple, was killed by the guard. Col. Oscar M. Brown, First Cavalry California Volunteers, with 100 men returned from a scout to the Apache country. Four squaws were captured by Colonel Brown's command. Although this scout of nearly sixty days was unsuccessful, it was one of the hardest of the year.

December 2.-One thousand and twenty Navajo Indians, having in their possession 3,500 sheep and goats, 400 horses, and 30 mules, arrived at Fort Sumner.

December.-Maj. E. W. Eaton, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, on a scout after Indians came upon their camp near Red River; killed 1 Indian, took 2 prisoners, and recovered 175 sheep, 1 horse, and 1 burro. These were the Indians who helped to run off sheep from Limitar on the 8th of November.

December 15.-Capt. Allen L. Anderson, Fifth U. S. Infantry, with a small party of men attacked an Indian rancheria near the Weaver Mines, Ariz.; killed 3 and wounded 3 Apache Indians. Capt. John Thompson, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, with a party of twelve enlisted men attacked an Apache rancheria near Weaver, Ariz.; killed 11 and wounded 4.

December 24.-Lieut. Paul Dowlin, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, reports that on his return trip from Fort Whipple, Ariz., the Navajo Indians run off 14 of his mules.

December 25.-A band of Apache Indians made an attack on the town of Rincon, near Fort McRae, N. Mex.; took a Mexican boy prisoner and drove off 9 head of cattle. A party was started in pursuit and succeeded in recovering 3 head of cattle. The Mexican boy's body was found, lanced in several places.

December 29.-Capt. William Brady, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, reports that he found the body of Reyes Flores, the guide, near the Tuleroso Saw-mill. Whether he had been killed by Indians or

by others is not certain.

December 31.-Lieut. Samuel L. Barr with Company F, Fifth U. S. Infantry, and a detachment of First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers, surprised an Indian camp near Sycamore Springs, Ariz.; killed 4 Indians and captured 2 head of cattle.*

Aggregate number of Apache Indians at the Bosque Redondo Reservation on the 31st day of December, 1864.

*For recapitulation of a census of the Navajo Indians on the reservation at the Bosque Redondo, N. Mex., on the 1st day of December, 1864, their stock, &c., taken by Capt. Francis McCabe, First Cavalry New Mexico Volunteers (here omitted) see p. 523.

N

Making the total number of captive Indians as follows:
Number of Indian captives on the reservation on the 31st of December, 1863..
Number who were captured and who surrendered themselves during the year
1864

703

8,090

Total.

8, 793

During the year 1864 the few troops serving within the Department of New Mexico were obliged to undergo extraordinary labors, privations, and hardships in following the line of their duty. Early in the year, while the country was still covered with snow, their marches in pursuit of Navajo Indians, in continuation of the campaign begun in the summer of 1863, the frequent combats with bands of that tribe, not only in the Navajo country, but in the open plains to the east of the Rio Grande, exhibited courage, self-denial, perseverance, ability, and the will to encounter and to endure protracted hardships, on the part of both officers and men, which would be very creditable to any troops in the Army. It was often their lot to be compelled from the nature of the country, and sometimes from limited means of transportation, to carry their blankets and provisions on their backs, and to struggle for days through deep snows, over mountains, through forests, and down through the deep mazes of the most wonderful cañons in the world, in pursuit of a wily and active enemy, who was familiar with every rod of that distant and in many places hitherto considered inaccessible region. It was their lot to feel that even though they were successful in their efforts far beyond the success which had attended the labors of others who had preceded them in campaigns against these Indians, still they would win none of that éclat which those received for perhaps no harder service on other fields. It was their lot to show fidelity and integrity and earnestness in their labors for the public good, prompted to this course not by the expectation of applause, or advancement, but by a feeling honestly to discharge their duty though no approving eye witnessed their labors or their sufferings, and they had no credit save that shown in the mirror of a clear conscience, or by the approval of their own hearts. The results which followed such labors will be considered as remarkable in the annals of Indian warfare.

The Navajoes soon found they had no place of security from such determined adversaries, and being pressed on every hand by unexampled rigor, the spirit of the tribe was soon broken. Many were cарtured and more voluntarily surrendered, when in bands of from 50 to 1,000 and 2,000 they commenced their pilgrimage to the Bosque Redondo, a place selected for them by the Government and situated upon the open plains east of the Rio Grande and more than 400 miles from their native valleys and mountains. The exodus of this whole people, men, women, and children, with their flocks and herds, leaving forever the land of their fathers, was an interesting, but a touching sight.

Then came the operations of the troops against the Apaches of Arizona. To those acquainted with the difficulties of campaigning in that distant country, formidable against the movement and supply of troops in every way in which a country can be formidable, whether considered on account of its deserts, its rugged and sterile mountains, its frequent and often impassable defiles, and in widely extended regions,

the scarcity of water and grass, the wonder will be that the troops were ever able to overtake the Indians at all. Although the results of operations in that Territory were not so great as hoped for, yet they were creditable, and were won at an expense of toil and privation of which any description could give but a faint idea to one who had never traversed this very singular country. The marches of the troops were long, and sometimes repaid by but poor results; for example, on one expedition, under one of our most distinguished officers, the troops marched 1,200 miles and actually killed but 1 Indian. Oftentimes long scouts would be made and not an Indian or even the track of one would be discovered. Yet the movements of the troops in every direction through the country of the Arizona Apaches and a few partial encounters with them, attended by great good fortune, gave us the morale over them, until now they are inclined to flee at the sight of our armed parties and scatter in all directions, and not to stand upon hilltops and crags and jeer at our men by insulting cries and gestures as they did when we first began war upon them. It is hoped that in a short time they, too, will be sufficiently subdued to surrender and go upon a reservation.

While all this was doing the Indians of the plains commenced their attacks upon trains of the Government and of citizens coming out with supplies. This required that troops should be sent out to help these trains past the points of danger. Once this was done and the most of the trains secure an expedition was formed to punish even these Indians for their conduct. The Kiowas had been the most hostile, and had committed some of the most atrocious of the murders. It so happened that in Colonel Carson's brilliant affair with the Comanches and Kiowas, on the 25th of November, the Kiowas suffered the most loss, and had their beautiful village of 150 lodges, together with all their property and reserve of food entirely destroyed.

Not only have the troops thus followed and punished the Indians, but they have opened new roads, repaired others which had become destroyed by floods, have built posts, guarded trains through the interior of Arizona and New Mexico, and conducted the thousands of captive Indians from the old Navajó country to the reservation, and not only guarded them there, but have directed their labors in opening up what will be one of the most magnificent farms in the United States. The general commanding the department takes great pleasure in being able to congratulate the troops on such a record. The increased security of life and property throughout this widely extended department attests the beneficial results which spring from these efforts. The prosperity of New Mexico and Arizona will be sure to follow. So it must ever be a source of gratification and pride to every officer and soldier engaged in this great labor to know that the people for whom he has toiled are getting to be more secure in their lives and to be better off in their worldly condition. All this has been done quietly and without ostentation on the part of the troops. In the great events which have marked the struggle of our country to preserve intact the union of all the States it was not expected that such labors would receive the attention of the General Government, but the fact that two great States will yet date their rise, progress, and the commencement of their prosperity from this subjugation of hostile Indians will always be most gratifying to remember by those who so nobly did the work. By command of Brigadier-General Carleton:

BEN. C. CUTLER, Assistant Adjutant-General.