nacherib.... Tirhakah.... The twelve Egyptian kings. 129 Psammeticus.... The king of Assyria.... Pharaoh Necho. Cambyses.... His attempt on Ethiopia and the temple of Jupiter Ammon.... His cruel and imprudent conduct in Egypt.... His death.... Of Darius and Xerxes.... Of Amyrteus, Pausiris, Psammeticus, Nephereus, Acho- ters into an alliance with Rome.... Gives aid to Athens and Lacedemon.... Recovers Cyrene.... and conquers Antiochus Theus.... Of Ptolemy III.... The Achaean league.... Cleomenes takes refuge in Egypt.... Ptole- my IV puts his brother to death. . . . Cleomenes illiber- ally treated.... His death, and that of his family and Ptolemy VI falls into the power of Antiochus king of Syria. .... His brother Physcon raised to the throne of Egypt. Disputes ensue between the brothers, ply to Rome.... Ptolemy Philometor dies.... Physcon becomes sole king.... His cruel conduct depopulates the country.... He invites new inhabitants.... At his death Cleopatra his queen reigns in conjunction with one of her sons.... Much confusion in the country.... Thebes Ptolemy Auletes at Rome, and acknowledged king of Egypt.... Unpopular in his government.... Clodius at- tempts to violate Caesar's wife.... Auletes is driven from Egypt, and afterwards restored.... The battle of Pharsalia.... Pompey's death, and Caesar's transac- What happened upon the death of Julius Cæsar.... A triumvirate formed and broken.... Cleopatra summon- ed to appear before Antony.... This general enamoured of the Egyptian queen.... The evils which this occasion- ed.... The battle of Actium.... Antony and Cleopa tra's death.... Octavianus, under an appearance of mo- A few errata have occurred, which the author had not an op- Vol. 1. P. 97, line 3, for its read the 133, 1. 22, for 1903, r. 1907. 156, 1. 23, for Jeroboam, r. Rehoboam. Vol. 2. P. 15, 1. 25, for Minius r. Asinius. 55, 29, for Meatern r. Mocattem. Vol. 3. P. 5 1. 24, for Arabs, r. Azabs 3 OF EGY P T. BOOK I. CHAP. I. The situation and extent of Egypt.... The Nile.... The climate.... The fertility of the country.... The ancient inhabitants.... Of Thebes and Memphis.... The Delta.... Of hieroglyphics, and the progress in the art of writing. THE HE history of Egypt is marked by lines of deep interest and high importance. It is a country where the rays of science early beamed, and to which men of inquiry resorted for light and knowledge; but the cloud of ignorance progressively advanced, and the country has long mourned in darkness. and oppression. To survey this kingVol. I, A dom, is to behold a landscape bold, diversified, and striking. It shews human nature struggling among the awful destinies of fortune; it contrasts light and shade; it exhibits the glory of empires, and the overthrow of nations. Nowhere can we find lessons of wisdom more distinctly written, nor better fitted to repress ambition, to humble pride, and to teach us how weak and how wicked men may become. Here we have a mirror, which awfully displays to our view the varying aspects of time; and enables us to trace through many windings those combined events, which raise up or cast down, which confer dignity, or humble in the dust. The early history of Egypt reaches so far back into the annals of time that we can scarcely discover its general form. Though deriving light from collateral objects, its principal parts are but obscurely seen, and the rest of them are left completely in the shade. Before the era of letters and learning, the annals |