part of his "History of France," of which there are two editions; the first of five volumes folio, the second of six volumes. The narration is brought down to the year 1645. Cardinal Richelieu revised the two last reigns, which abound in adulation to him. This brought upon the author severe attacks from Matthew de Morgues and the marshal de Bassompierre, who have convicted him of many mistakes and misrepresentations. The style of his history, though sufficiently clear, is highly disagreeable, not only from its antiquated phraseology, but from its inflated and antithetical diction. He intended, after the death of the cardinal, to have recomposed a part of the work, but he did not live to effect it. He wrote also a "Roman History," in three vols. folio; a "Course of Philosophy;" "The Liberty of the French Tongue," against Vaugelas; and other pieces little esteemed. In very advanced age he composed a work on the liberties of the Gallican church, which he brought in MS. to the chancellor Seguier for his permission to print it; but the chancellor unfeelingly threw it into the fire before his face. This so affected him that he died soon after, in 1661, at the age of ninetytwo. He had preserved all his senses and faculties entire to his eightieth year. Moreri.--A. DUPPA, BRIAN, a respectable English prelate in the seventeenth century, was born at Lewisham in Kent, in the year 1588-9. He was educated at Westminster school as a king's scholar; whence he was elected student of Christ-church college, Oxford, in the year 1605. He took his degree of B.A. in 1609; and in 1612 was chosen a fellow of All-Souls college. In the year 1614 he took the degree of M.A.; and having soon afterwards entered into orders, travelled abroad for further improvement, particularly into France and Spain. In the year 1619 he was chosen one of the proctors to the University of Oxford, which office he passed through with reputation and general respect. In the year 1625 he accumulated the degrees of bachelor and doctor in divinity; at which time he was chaplain to the prince Palatine. He was also chaplain to the earl of Dorset, by whose interest with the king he was appointed to the deanery of Christchurch, Oxford, in 1629. To this church and college he was, during his residence in it, and at his death, a liberal benefactor. In the years 1632 and 1633 he discharged, with great moderation and prudence, the office of vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. In the year 1634 he was constituted chancellor of the church of Sarum, and soon afterwards made chaplain to king

Charles I. who, in the year 1638, appointed him tutor to Charles prince of Wales, and afterwards to his brother the duke of York. Bishop Burnet has stated in his history, that Dr. Duppa was in no respects qualified for such an important situation; in which statement he does not seem to have been warranted by a sufficient knowledge of his real character and abilities, and is contradicted by other writers less hasty and rash in the assertions which have been incidentally admitted into their histories. Presumptive reasons, drawn from the great estimation in which he was held, and the general conduct of his life, would lead us to conclude that he possessed not only the proper qualifications, but the integrity and diligence which led him to discharge the duties of that trust with fidelity and honour. The unhappy turn which his pupils took in their future lives may easily be accounted for, without attributing any deficiency or neglect to the good bishop while they were under his instructions. In the year 1638 Dr. Duppa was presented to the rectory of Petworth in Sussex, and in the same year nominated to the bishopric of Chichester. In the year 1640 he was translated to the see of Salisbury; but was prevented from deriving any benefit from it by the scene of confusion in which the civil war between Charles and the Parliament involved the kingdom. When the episcopal form of church government was declared by the Parliament to be abolished, bishop Duppa joined the king at Oxford, with whom he became a great favourite, and frequently attended him in different places, particularly during his imprisonment in the Isle of Wight, where his visits were peculiarly welcome to the king, from the relief which his conversation afforded him under his confinement. According to some writers he was not only privy to the composition of the "Eikon Basilike," but also contributed his aid towards it; which is not in the least improbable. It is certain that great confidence was placed in him by the king, who entrusted him with the delicate business of supplying the vacant bishoprics; which office he retained under king Charles II. at least for a considerable time before his restoration. After the death of Charles I. bishop Duppa retired to Richmond in Surrey, where he spent the greatest part of his time in devotion and solitude, until the restoration offered to him a brighter prospect. On that event his steady loyalty and sufferings were rewarded by a translation to the rich bishopric of Winchester, to which he was nominated in 1660; and his appointment, from the well-known excellence of his character, gave

great satisfaction to the nobility, gentry, and clergy of that diocese. He was also made lord almoner, and appointed one of the visitors of the University of Oxford, commissioned to remove those masters and fellows who had filled the places of the royalists who were ejected by the parliamentary visitors. About the year 1661 he began to erect an hospital for the maintenance of poor people at Richmond; and projected other works of piety and charity, which he was prevented from completing by his death, which took place in 1662, when he had arrived at the seventy-fourth year of his age. A few hours before he expired king Charles II. honoured his old tutor with a visit, and kneeling down by his bed-side, begged his blessing, which he bestowed upon him with much zeal and devotion, and in a manner that ought to have made a lasting impression upon his mind. Bishop Duppa died, as he had lived, honoured and esteemed by all who knew him, and leaving behind him a character exemplary for piety, candour, humility, meekness, generosity, and every useful virtue. He was the author only of a few sermons and devotional pieces, the subjects of which are mentioned in the authority from which these particulars are taken; and of a collection of verses in praise of Ben Jonson and his works, written by different hands, which affords presumptive evidence that he was a man of some taste as well as goodness. Biog. Britan.-M.

DUPRAT. See PRAT.

DUPRE DE ST. MAUR, NICHOLASFRANCIS, born at Paris about the close of the seventeenth century, was brought up for the long robe, and obtained a place of master-ofaccompts. He was greatly respected, as well for his official conduct as for his literary talents and social qualitics. He was one of the first of the French men of letters who acquired a taste for English literature, and endeavoured to promote it among their countrymen. For this purpose he undertook a translation of Milton's Paradise Lost in prose, the spirit and elegance of which rendered it popular, though doubtless it could convey but a very imperfect idea of the great original. He took considerable liberties in making alterations and retrenchments, which were, perhaps, necessary for rendering it palatable to the French taste. This work gained him admission into the French Academy in 1733. He also wrote an Essay on the Monies of France," 1746, 4to. containing many curious researches, and much esteemed: "Inquiries into the Value of Monies and the Price of Corn," 1761, 12mo.; an useful performance:

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and he communicated to the count de Buffon "Tables of the Duration of Human Life," formed from the registers of twelve country and three Parisian parishes, which are printed in that writer's natural history of man. Dupré died in 1775, at a very advanced age. He left behind him a number of manuscripts relative to the history of the public administration, and other political topics. Necrologe Franc. Nouv. Dict. Hist.-A.

DURAND, WILLIAM, an eminent jurist, was born in 1237 at Puymoisson in Provence. He went young to Bologna, where he studied the canon law under Bernardo du Parma. After taking his doctor's degree he began to teach first at Bologna, and then at Modena. At the age of thirty-four he published his famous work entitled "Speculum Juris," which was so much esteemed that it acquired him the surname of Speculator. The learned Baldus was used to say, that without possessing that book a man could' not deserve the name of a lawyer. The cardinal of Ostia took Durand as his assessor in deciding causes, and made him so advantageously known at the court of Rome, that he was employed by pope Clement IV. and four succeeding pontitis, in important and honourable charges. Gregory X. made him his legate at the council of Lyons in 1274. He sustained various governments in Italy, and was raised to the dignity of count of Romagna. In 1285, Honorius IV. appointed him to the see of Mende, but he was prevented by business from taking possession of his bishopric till 12. Four years afterwards he was recalled into Italy, and made marquis of the march of Ancona, and again count of Romagna, which provinces he governed during the tumults of the Gulf and Ghibelline factions. He died at Rome in 1296, and a magnificent monument was erected to lis memory in the church of St. Maria s. Minerva. Besides his "Speculum," he wrote "Rationale Divinorum Officiorum," a work of celebrity, in its time; and also a "Commentary on the Canons of the Council of Lyons;" and an "Abridgment of the Glosses and Text of the Canon Law." All these have been printed. Moreri. Tiraboschi.---A.

DURAND, WILLIAM, nephew of the preceding, was made by his uncle archdeacon of Mende, and became his successor in that see, in which he remained until his death, in the year 1328. His name is now chiefly recollected on account of his being the author of a work highly esteemed in the catholic world, which treats "of the manner of holding a general council," and presents us with a vast number of

the religious orders, and upon the poor of the city. He was a great friend to letters, and had collected a fine library, which was dispersed after his death. He is considered as the real author of a learned and excellent work "De ritibus Ecclesiæ," which has been attributed to Peter Danès, bishop of Lavaur. Moreri.---A. DUREL, JOHN, a learned divine of the church of England in the seventeenth century, was born at St. Helier's, in the isle of Jersey, in the year 1626. He was entered a student at Merton college, Oxford, in 1640, and continued there two years, when the interruptions to his prosecuting his studies arising from that city's being made a garrison during the civil wars, induced him to retire into France, and to become a member of the Sylvanian college at Caen in Normandy. At that place he took the degree of M. A. in 1644. Afterwards he assiduously applied himself to the study of divinity for two years at Saumur, under the celebrated Moses Amyrault, professor of thcology in that protestant university; and in the year 1647 returned to his native country, where he remained for some time among his relations. While he continued in Jersey he took an active part in the measures that were pursued to preserve that island for the king; on which account, when it was reduced by the parliament forces in 1651, he found himself under the necessity of with drawing into France. Having determined on entering into orders in the English episcopal communion, he repaired to Paris, where he received ordination at the hands of the bishop of Galloway, in the chapel of sir Richard Browne, then king Charles's resident in France. Not meeting with any professional engagement at Paris, Mr. Durel came to St. Malo's, and received there an invitation from the reformed church at Caen to become one of their ministers, in the absence of the learned Samuel Bochart, who was gone to Sweden. Soon afterwards he was invited, on the recommendation of the French protestant ministers of Paris, to accept of the office of French preacher at the court of the landgrave of Hesse. But having declined both these invitations, for reasons of which we are not informed, he accepted of the place of chaplain to the duke de la Force, father to the princess of Turenne, in which he continued to officiate for more than eight years. Upon the restoration of king Charles II. he came over to England, and was very instrumental in procuring the establishment of the new episcopal French church at the Savoy, London, in which he first preached in the year 1661, and continued to officiate there for some years with great

acceptability and applause. In 1663 he was made a prebendary in the cathedral church of Salisbury, being at that time chaplain in ordinary to his majesty; and in the following year was appointed to a canonry of Windsor. In the year 1668 he was installed into the fourth prebend of Durham, and was besides presented with a rich donative. In the year 1669-70 he was created doctor in divinity by the University of Oxford, in consequence of letters addressed to that body by the chancellor, in which great praise was bestowed on his loyalty, fidelity, and services to the king. This honour was succeeded by a presentation from the crown to the deanery of Windsor in 1667, and to the valua→ ble living of Witney in Oxfordshire. These successive preferments Dr. Durel obtained, partly through his own qualifications and courtly address, and partly through his great interest with the king, to whom he was personally known both in Jersey and France. Anthony Wood thinks that he would have been undoubt edly raised to a bishopric, had he lived some years longer; but if he received any promise of such a promotion it was prevented by his death, which took place in 1683, when he was in the 58th year of his age. Dr. Durel was a zealous advocate for the constitution of the church of England, and firmly adhered to her cause when she was in the most unfavourable and hopeless condition; on which account he was very properly rewarded with some of her valuable honours and preferments on the return of her days of prosperity. His learning appears to have been respectable, as well as his skill and adroitness in controversy. Dr. Lewis du Moulin, one of his antagonists, commends him for his civility and candour: but he has not met with similar praise from some of his English Puritan opponents. And it must be acknowledged, that some of the language which he applied to them in his controversial pieces, cannot be reconciled with the qualities which Dr. du Moulin attributes to him. It may be said. that his opponents were equally culpable in this respect. They doubtless were so: but the irritating and contemptuous expressions to which both had recourse, did no credit, and rendered no service to the cause of either party. Dr. Durel published, among other things, "Theoremata Philosophiæ rationalis, moralis, naturalis, & supernaturalis, &c." 4to. 1664, being the theses he maintained when he took his degree of M.A.; "A French and Latin Translation of the Common-Prayer Book, upon the Review of it at the Restoration;""The Liturgy of the Church of England asserted, in a Sermon,