DEJOTARUS, king of Armenia, was tetrarch of Galatia, when, in consideration of his attachment to the Roman people, and his services in the Mithridatic war, he was placed by Pompey upon the throne of the Lesser Armenia, with the addition of great part of Pontus and Colchis. He was confirmed in the regal dignity by the Roman senate, and lived in intimacy with many of the principal persons in Rome. When Cicero was proconsul of Cilicia, Dejotarus assisted him with his forces in a war against the banditti of mount Amanus. At the breaking out of the war between Pompey and Cesar, he took part with the former, and was present in the battle of Pharsalia. In order to make his peace with Caesar, he was obliged to pay a large sum of money, and to follow him in the war against Pharnaces king of Pontus. He was also deprived of part of his dominions, but was suffered to retain the title of king. An accusation brought against him by his daughter's son Castor, of having planned the murder of Cæsar while in Galatia, brought him into danger, and Cicero pronounced an oration in his defence. After the death of Cæsar, by means of a large bribe to Antony's wife, Fulvia, he recovered his forfeited territories. In the ensuing civil wars, he sent a body of troops to join Brutus; but his commander is said to have marched with them to Antony's camp, by which measure Dejotarus retained his kingdom after the defeat of Brutus. He put to death his daughter and her husband Saocundarius, and rased the castle in which they resided, probably on account of their partaking of the attack which had been made upon him by their son Castor. He was a very superstitious man, and much swayed by omens and auguries. The temple of Cybele at Pessinus was in his guardianship, and he made war upon one of his sons-in-law for having violated it. He arrived at a very advanced age, and is supposed to have outlived his son Dejotarus, who reigned along with him in Armenia. Univers. Hist. Bayle.-A.

DELAMET, ADRIAN-AUGUSTIN DE BUSSY, a French priest of considerable learning and merit, and esteemed by the catholics in the number of their ablest casuists, was a descend ant from an illustrious family in Picardy, and born in that province, about the year 1621. He was educated with great attention and care, and distinguished himself by the progress which he made in classical literature, philoso

phy, and theology. In the year 1646 he became a member of the society of the Sorbonne, of which he was chosen prior in the year 1648, and admitted to a doctor's degree in 1650. By his literary acquirements, by the character which he had established for integrity and prudence, and by the amiableness of his manners, he conciliated the esteem and affection of the cardinal De Retz, who was his relation, and who persuaded him to take up his abode in his family. To that friend he continued attached, not only in his prosperous days, but during his disgrace; accompanying him in his travels through England, Holland, and Italy, and acquiring in those different countries the respect and regard of the most learned characters, and persons of the highest rank and dignity. But growing weary of a wandering life, he returned to Paris, and settled in the college of the Sorbonne, determined to devote his future days to study and religious exercises. In that society he became eminent for his wisdom in the management of ecclesiastical concerns, which occasioned his advice to be frequently asked by the prelates, relative to the business of their dioceses; and he was often applied to for the resolution of difficult cases of conscience. He also employed much of his time and fortune in the education of poor scholars, for whom he procured establishments according to their merits. He was at the same time exemplary in the discharge of his ecclesiastical functions. He died in the year 1691. The work for which he is chiefly celebrated is "A Resolution of numerous Cases of Conscience, relative to Morality and church Discipline, according to the sacred Scriptures, the Decrees of Councils, the Sentiments of the Fathers of the Church, and those of different Canonists and Divines," of which the first volume appeared after his death, in the year 1714, in 8vo. That work includes the resolutions of M. Fromageau, as well as the author's, and was afterwards extended to the number of five volumes. In the year 1732 the materials of that work were thrown into a more systematic order by M. Treuve, who published them in the form of "A Dictionary of Cases of Conscience," in two volumes folio, which are usually connected with the celebrated work of M. Pontas, in three volumes folio, under the same title. Moreri. Nouv. Dict. Hist.-M.

DELANY, PATRICK, a divine of the established church of Ireland, of considerable celebrity in his day, was born in that kingdom, about the year 1686. His father had lived as a servant in the family of sir John Rennel, an

Irish judge, and afterwards rented a small farm; but in what place we are not informed. Neither do we learn where the subject of this article received his grammar education, but only that at a proper age he became a sizer in Trinity college, Dublin, where he applied to his studies with very commendable diligence, and distinguished himself by his learning, virtue, discretion, and good sense. Ilis degrees he took at the regular periods, and was chosen first a junior, and afterwards a senior fellow of the college. He likewise became a tutor of considerable reputation, and with numerous pupils. During this time he formed a strict intimacy and friendship with Dr. Swift, and was one of his chief favourites, joining him and Dr. She ridan in writing and answering riddles, and composing other slight and playful poetic effusions, for the sake of a temporary amusement. Several of these pieces are inserted in the collections of Swift's works. The moments, however, which he devoted to these productions, were only those of necessary relaxation from his severer studies, which he continued to prosecute with great regularity and vigour. He likewise cultivated with success his pulpit talents, and became distinguished as a popular preacher. In the year 1724 he was involved in a dispute with the provost of the college, respecting a matter that concerned its discipline, in which his interference is stated to have been improper, and his conduct and language personally insulting to that gentleman. Whatever may have been the exact circumstances of the case, it is certain, that Dr. Delany was obliged to give satisfaction to the provost, by an acknowledgment of his offence. His conduct, on this occasion, excited against him the displeasure of the lord primate Boulter, which, joined to the prejudices created by his tory connections, proved, in one instance at least, an obstacle to his preferment in the church. In the year 1727, when lord Carteret, who was a man of wit, and cultivated the friendship of Dr. Swift, was a second time appointed to the vice-royalty of Ireland, Dr. Delany was strongly recommended by the dean to the notice of that nobleman, which recommendation was backed by that of archbishop King, and proved the means of his introduction and frequent invitations to the castle. But the political prejudices of the times would not allow of the lord lieutenant's conferring any preferments of great value on clergymen so closely connected as Dr. Delany was with the tory party. The honour, there fore, and pleasure of his lordship's company, were the principal, although not the only, ad

vantages which he derived from that nobleman's favour. In the year last mentioned, Dr. Delany was presented, by the university of Dublin, to a small living worth about a hundred pounds a-year; and, about the same time, was promoted by lord Carteret to the chancellorship of Christ church, which was of equal value. Some years afterwards his lordship gave him a prebend of St. Patrick's cathedral, the produce of which did not exceed that of either of his other preferments. Before his appointment to the prebendal stall, he had grown weary of his academic life, and relinquished the advantages arising from his fellowship and tutorage, contenting himself with an income much smaller than what, according to Dr. Swift, he had been in the habit of squandering away "in a manner which, although proper enough for a clergyman without a family, will not be for the advantage of his character to discover either on the exchange, or at a banker's shop." In the year 1729, Dr. Delany commenced the publication of a periodical paper, called "The Tribune," which was not long lived, and is said to have been a work of merit: he had also before communicated his assistance to a work of the same kind, entitled " Hibernicus's Letters," which appeared in the years 1725, 1726, and 1727. In the year 1731 he came to London, with a letter of recommendation from archbishop Boulter, whose good opinion he had now obtained, to Dr. Gibson, bishop of London, to submit to his lordship's approbation a theological work on which he had been for some time employed, entitled "Revelation examined with Candour; or, a fair Enquiry into the Sense and Use of the several Revelations expressly declared, or sufficiently implied, to be given to Mankind, from the Creation, as they are to be found in the Bible, &c." The first volume of this work was published in the year 1732, and a second in the year 1734. They were considered at the time when they were published, as well adapted to render useful service to the cause of revealed religion. They certainly display much ingenuity and learning, and contain many just and valuable remarks; but these are mingled with so much doubtful or fanciful matter, that they are not now considered as of much estimation. And what is good in them has been superseded by what is much better in later defences of revealed religion. During Dr. Delany's absence from Ireland to superintend the publication of the first volume of this work, he married an Irish widow lady of large fortune, by which event he was enabled to indulge his native generosity of spirit, and to

shew his regard to the university in which he had been educated, by useful benefactions. In the year 1738 he published one of the most curious of his productions, entitled "Reflections upon Polygamy, and, the Encouragement given to that Practice in the Scriptures of the Old Testament." This work is written with much ability and erudition, and contains unanswerable representations of the disorders and mischiefs which the practice of polygamy must introduce into human society; we cannot say, however, that what the author has advanced relative to the pleas which may be deduced in favour of polygamy from the Old Testament history, is equally weighty and satisfactory with the rest of his work. In the year 1740 Dr. Delany published the first, and in the year 1742 the second, volume of "An historical Account of the Life and Reign of David, King of Israel; interspersed with various Conjectures, Digressions, and Disquisitions, &c." Considerable spirit and ingenuity, together with curious criticisms, and some just remarks, in answer to the observations and reflections of Bayle, under the article David in his Dictionary, are discoverable in these volumes; but they do not form, on the whole, a very valuable or judicious production. They partake of the same faults with the author's Revelation examined with Candour, and are particularly open to animadversion, for their uniform tendency to defend or palliate those crimes in the conduct of David, which ought ever to be spoken of in terms of detestation, and which the sacred writers, very much to their honour, fairly leave to the censures of mankind. In the year 1743 Dr. Delany, who had been some time a widower, married a second wife, who is spoken of as a lady of considerable accomplishments, and no mean proficient in the art of painting. One work of her laborious ingenuity, more curious than useful, was the construction of a Flora, with coloured paper, containing 980 plants, executed, according to lord Orford's testimony, "with a precision and truth unparalleled." In the year 1744 Dr. Delany published a volume of "Sermons upon social Duties," to which were added, in a subsequent edition, "Sermons on the opposite Vices;" which are entitled to commendation for their matter and composition, and are some of the most useful of the author's performances. In the same year he was promoted to the deanery of Down, chiefly through the recommendation of some zealous whigs, to whom his political associations appear to have been no longer objects of jealousy or resentment. His next pub

lication was "An Essay towards evidencing the divine Original of Tythes," 1748, intended to deduce the doctrine which he asserted, from the prohibition in the tenth commandment against coveting any thing that is our neighbours! In the year 1754 he published "Observations upon Lord Orrery's Remarks on the Life and Writings of Dr. Jonathan Swift; containing several singular Anecdotes relating to the Character and Conduct of that great Genius, and the most deservedly celebrated Stella, &c." 8vo. This work is written with elegance and spirit, and by supplying the public with curious and entertaining anecdotes, has served to vindicate the dean from some misrepresentations contained in the noble lord's remarks, and has afforded a clearer view of his real character than any preceding publication. It did not, indeed, escape reprehension from Deane Swift, who, in his essay upon the life, writings, and character of his relation, treated the author with ill manners and abuse. Against his reflections Dr. Delany justified himself, in "A Letter to Mr. Swift," published in 1755, written at once with ingenuity, spirit, good temper, and candour. In the year 1754 also Dr. Delany published another volume of "Sermons," upon the doctrines and duties more peculiarly christian, and against the reigning vices of the age. Such of them as are upon practical subjects are entitled to much commendation, and some of them are peculiarly excellent. The doctrinal ones support some of the peculiar opinions of the orthodox creed; but without any novelty, or displaying any eminent powers of reasoning. During this part of our author's life, he was involved in a tedious law-suit relative to the personal estate of his first lady. It was instituted by her heirs at law, who obtained a decree against him in the Irish court of Chancery. Upon his appeal, however, to the House of Lords in England, that decree was reversed, and his claim to the estate established; and, what was of more importance, his character vindicated from reflections and suspicions which had been circulated to his prejudice. In the year 1757 he began a periodical work, called "The Humanist," which had not sufficient spirit and variety to engage the support of the public, and was dropped at the fifteenth number. In the year 1761 Dr. Delany published "An humble Apology for Christian Orthodoxy," meaning the system of belief inculcated in the established formularies of faith; and in the year 1763, the third and last volume of his Revelation examined with Candour.

The character of this volume is nearly similar with that of the preceding. His last publication was "Eighteen Discourses and Dissertations upon various very important and interesting Subjects," which made its appearance in the year 1766, and is more to be commended for the general utility of the author's practical pieces, than for the strength of argument or powers of criticism discovered in such as are controversial. Besides the articles already noticed, Dr. Delany published several single sermons, preached on public occasions, some of which are inserted in the volumes above mentioned, and the others not entitled to distinct specification. He died at Bath, in the year 1768, leaving behind him a character respectable for literary diligence, piety, generosity, and goodness of heart. Biog. Britan.-M.

DELFAU, FRANCIS, a learned French benedictine monk, of the congregation of St. Maur, was born at Montet in Auvergne, in the year 1637. He entered upon the monastic life in an abbey at Clermont, in 1656; where he recommended himself to the notice and respect of his superiors, by the proofs which he afforded of a penetrating and lively genius, and his proficiency in the various branches of learning. So high an opinion did they entertain of his abilities and erudition, that when, in pursuance of the advice of the celebrated M. Arnaud, they had determined on giving a new edition of the works of St. Augustine, father Delfau was fixed upon by them as the fittest person to be entrusted with the execution of that design. To this work he applied himself with all his powers, and had made considerable progress in it, when an anonymous publication made its appearance, entitled, "L'Abbé Commendataire," that, from the freedom and force with which it attacked the practice of holding benefices in commendam, and exposed abuses in the management of monastic revenues, excited much public notice, and no small displeasure in the clerical body. Of this publication father Delfau was suspected to be the author, though, as it afterwards appeared, very unjustly, and was banished to a convent of his order in the Lower Bretagne. By this sentence he was unfortunately prevented from completing the grand work which he had undertaken. He had not been long in his place of exile before he was ordered to Brest, to preach on a public festival; when the vessel in which he took his passage from Landevenec to that place was wrecked, and he was unhappily drowned, just after he had completed the thirty-ninth year of In the violent controversy which

his age.

took place between the canons regular of St. Augustine and the Benedictines, respecting the author of the celebrated book De Imitatione Christi, father Delfau published a Latin dissertation on the side of the question embraced by his community. He also published "An Apology for Cardinal Furstemberg, unjustly arrested at Cologne by the imperial Troops;' and a well-written historical eulogy, entitled "The Epitaph of Casimir, King of Poland, who, after having abdicated his Crown, retired into France, and became Abbot of St. Germain des Prés." Moreri.-M.

DELIUS, CHRISTOPHER TRAUGOTT, author of some useful works on mining, and distinguished by his great knowledge in that art, was born at Wallhausen in Thuringia, being descended from a noble family which had acquired considerable property during the wars of the seventeenth century. He served a long time in the army, applied afterwards to the sciences, and went to Vienna at a period when his mother's brother, Von Justi, was in high reputation in that city. Here he embraced the catholic religion, and obtained a place in the establishment of the Hungarian mines, where he rose to the post of professor in the Academy of Mines at Chemnitz. He was at last invited to Vienna, where he was employed in the department of the mines and the mint. Being, however, in a weak state of health, he set out for Pisa, in order to try the effect of the baths, but had not strength to proceed farther than Florence, where he died on the 21st of January, 1779, in the fifty-first year of his age. He has made himself celebrated by the following works, written in German: "A Dissertation on the Origin of Mountains, and of the different Kinds of Veins found in them; also of the Mineralisation of Metals, and particularly Gold" this work was published by professor Schreber, Leipsic, 1770, 8vo. "An Introduction to the Art of Mining, both in Theory and Practice, together with a Treatise on the Principles of the Economy of Mines," Vienna, 1773 (1772), 4to.: this work was translated into French by order of the king of France, and printed at Paris, at his majesty's expence, in two volumes 4to. Adelung's Continuation of Iöcher's Gelehrt. Lexicon.-J.

DELRIO, MARTIN-ANTHONY, a learned Flemish Jesuit, was born at Antwerp, in the year 1551. Having received a good classical education in his native place, he went to be instructed in rhetoric and philosophy at Paris, under the celebrated John Maldonat; whence he proceeded to Douay and Louvain, to study law,

and afterwards to Spain, where he had the degree of doctor conferred on him by the university of Salamanca, in the year 1574. On his return to the Low-countries he became counsellor to the parliament of Brabant, and intendant of the army, and afterwards filled other civil offices of honour and trust. But when the civil wars broke out in Flanders, he took a second journey into Spain, where he entered among the Jesuits at Valladolid, in the year 1580. Five or six years after that event his superiors ordered him into the Low-countries, to teach philosophy, the languages, and theology; which he continued to do for a long time at Louvain, where he contracted an intimate friendship with Justus Lipsius. He also taught at Douay, Liege, Mentz, Gratz in Styria, and Salamanca. He died at Louvain, in the year 1608. At a very early period Martin Delrio commenced author, and obtained no small reputation for erudition, and very extensive reading. At the age of twenty he published an edition of "Solinus," corrected according to the manuscript of Justus Lipsius, with notes; and a few years afterwards, notes on Claudian, and on the tragedies of Seneca, together with some treatises on law. But the work which drew the most general attention was his "Disquisitiones Magicæ," in three vols 4to. 1599 and 1691. The love of mankind for the marvellous, gave an extensive circulation to the numerous tales which the author has collected together in this work, from an infinity of writers, many of them obscure and unknown; and which, while they afford evidence of his laborious diligence, give equal proofs of his credulity and prejudice. He published besides, "Commentaries on Genesis, the Song of Songs, and the Lamentations of Jeremiah," in three vols. 4to. 1604 and 1608: "Sacred Adages of the Old and New Testaments," in Latin, two vols. 4to. 1612: three volumes of "Explications of some of the most difficult and important Passages of Scripture:" two treatises intended to maintain the genuineness of the books attributed to Dionysius the Areopagite, against the criticisms of Scaliger, &c.; one anonymous, under the title of "Vindiciae Areopagitæ," 1607; and the other, under the name of Liberius Sanga Verinus, a Spaniard, and entitled "Peniculus Foriarum Elenchi Scaligeriani pro Societate Jesu" together with numerous other pieces not deserving of particular mention. Moreri. Nouv. Dict. Hist.-M.

DELEBOE, see SYLVIUS, F. DEMADES, an Athenian orator, was originally a mariner. He is said by Cicero to

have had the reputation of possessing more of the Attic salt than any other speaker. He was ready at extempore addresses, and sometimes supported Demosthenes when that great orator was thrown into confusion by popular tumult. Though radically a mean and venal character, he knew what belonged to true greatness of mind. He checked king Philip in his immoderate exultation after the battle of Cheronea; and when that prince behaved in an insulting manner to his prisoners, Demades ventured to remind him, that when fortune had given him the opportunity of acting the part of Agamemnon, he seemed rather to choose that of Thersites. Philip took the rebuke in good part, made Demades his friend, and loaded him with favours. The venal orator was fully brought over to the Macedonian party, which he supported with all his influence at Athens against Demosthenes and the other patriots. When charged with making speeches and motions injurious to the honour and independence of his country, he excused himself by saying, "that he came to the helm when the commonwealth was no more than a wreck;" but, says Plutarch, he was the man who wrecked his country." When Alexander had inflicted his dreadful chastisement upon Thebes, and demanded of the terrified Athenians the delivery of the orators and leading men who were his opposers, Demades diverted his wrath by obtaining a decree that the Athenians themselves should punish the guilty by their own laws; and he went at the head of an embassy to Alexander, who received him with great affability, and admitted the Athenians to favour. A specimen of his strong manner of speaking is recorded upon the arrival of the news of Alexander's death. Demades refused to credit the report; "for," said he, "if Alexander were dead, the whole world, would smell the carcase." He afterwards compared the tumultuous movements of the Macedonian army deprived of their king, to those of the Cyclops when blinded. On the temporary triumph of the opposite party, he was fined seven times for proposing edicts contrary to law, and was declared infamous, and incapable of speaking in the public assembly; but when Antipater's success changed the state of affairs, he recovered his authority, and proposed treating with that chief. He carried a decree by which Demosthenes was condemned to death; and he, with Phocion, went as deputies to Antipater, but was unable to obtain any other terms from him than submitting at discretion. Such was his mercenary disposition, that Antipater was used to say, that of his two Athenian friends,