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separated by an intervening clause; thus, "The knave thereupon commenced rifling his friend's, as he facetiously called him, pocket," must be changed to "The knave thereupon commenced rifling the pocket of his friend, as he facetiously called him."

§ 218. In addressing the same person, do not, in the progress of a senteuce, use pronouns of different number; but preserve either the singular or the plural throughout. Thus, it is wrong to say, "I owe thee a heavy debt of gratitude, and will you not allow me to repay it?" We should have either "I owe you a heavy debt," or, " and wilt thou not," &c.

§ 219. Each is singular; and a pronoun or verb agreeing with it must also be singular'; as, "Let them depend each on his own exertions," not their own.

So, several nouns preceded respectively by each, every, or no, whether connected by and or not, require a singular verb and pronoun; as, "Every lancer and every rifleman was at his post."

§ 220. Recollect that, under all circumstances, a verb must agree with its subject in person and number. When a plural substantive is introduced between a singular subject and its verb, be careful not to put the verb in the plural. "Too great a variety of studies perplex and weaken the judgment." Variety, the subject, being in the singular, perplex and weaken should be perplexes and weakens.

§ 221. When in two connected clauses the leading verb is in the present or the future tense, the dependent one must not be in the past. Thus, in the sentence, "Ye will not come unto me that ye might have life," might is wrong, because it is connected in the past tense with the leading verb will come, which is future. Might have should be changed to may have, which is present.

On the other hand, if the leading verb is in the past tense, the dependent verb must be past also. Thus, in the example last given, if will come were changed to would come, might have would be correct; as, "Ye would not come unto me that ye might have life.”

§ 222. Two verbs connected by a conjunction without separate

§ 217. State the principle that relates to the position of the possessive case and the word that governs it.

§ 218. What is to be observed respecting the use of pronouns in the progress of a

sentence?

§ 219. What number is each? What number must a pronoun or verb agreeing with it be? State the other rule laid down in this section.

§ 220. Give the rule for the agreement of the verb? What common error must be avoided?

§ 221. What is the rule for the tenses of the leading and th dependent verb in con nected clauses?

nominatives, must be in the same mood. This rule is violated in the fol lowing sentence; would go being in the potential mood, and suffered in the indicative: "The Pharisees would neither go into the kingdom of Heaven themselves, nor suffered others to enter." Either a new nominative must be introduced for suffered to agree with, or one of the verbs must be altered to the same mood as the other. The sentence is best corrected by changing the second verb. "The Pharisees would neither go into the kingdom of Heaven themselves, nor suffer others to enter."

§ 223. The transitive verbs lay, raise, and set, must not be confounded with the intransitive, lie, rise, and sit. This common error must be carefully avoided. Compare these verbs, as conjugated below.

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We lay a thing down, raise it up, and set it in its place. We lie abed when we are sick, but rise as soon as we are able to sit up.

§224. When several auxiliaries belonging to different tenses are used with the same participle or verbal form, care must be taken to have them consistent. "I can make as much money as he has." As he has what Evidently has make, which would be bad grammar. tence should read, “I can make as much money as he has made.”

The sen

§225. Whom, and not who, must be used as the object of a verb. "He is a man whom I honor next to the king himself;" not who, for the verb honor governs the relative in the objective case, although the latter stands before it.

§ 226. A preposition must not be introduced after a transitive verb, te govern a substantive which is really the object of the latter. "Covet earnestly for the best gifts;" covet being a transitive verb, for should be omitted.

§227. Never use to, the sign of the infinitive, for the infinitive itself; as in the sentence, "I have not seen him, and I am not likely to." It should be, "I am not likely to see him,”

$222. What is said of the mood of two verbs connected by a conjunction? How may sentences in which this rule is violated be corrected?

§ 223. What verbs mast not be confounded? Conjugate the transitive verbs lay raise, set. Conjugate the intransitivos lie, rise, sit.

§ 224. Give the rule relating to auxiliaries.

§ 925. What is the objective of the relative who, and when must it be used?

§ 226. What part of speech must not be introduced to govern the object of a tran sitive verb?

$227. What must not be used for the infinitive!

8228. Appropriate prepositions must follow certain words. In the following sentence, to should be changed to from, after the adjective different. "This account is very different to what I told you."

As this rule is constantly violated, a list of a few common adjectives and verbs is here presented, together with the prepositions properly used in connection with them.

Abhorrence of.

Accompanied with an inanimate ob-
ject; by any thing that has life.
Accuse of
Acquaint with.
Adapted to.

Agree with a person; to a proposi-
sition from another; upon a thing
among ourselves.

Analogy between (when two objects
follow the preposition); to, with
(when one of the substantives pre-
cedes the verb).
Arrive at, in.

Attended with an inanimate object;
by anything that has life.
Averse to, from.
Capacity for.

Charge on a person; with a thing.
Compare with (in respect of quali-
ty); to (for the sake of illustra-
tion).

Congenial to.

Conversant with men; with or in
things about and among are
sometimes used.

Copy after a person; from a thing.
Correspond with.

Die of a disease; by an instrument
or violence.

Disappointed of what we fail to ob-
tain; in what does not answer
our expectations, when obtained.
Entrance into.
Expert in, at.
Followed by.
Militate against.
Profit by.

Reconcile (in friendship) to; (to
make consistent) with.
Reduce (subdue) under; (in other
cases) to.

Between is applicable to two objects only; among, to three or more. "A father divided a portion of his property between his two sons; the rest he distributed among the poor."

In must not be used for into, after verbs denoting entrance. "Come into (not in) my parlor,' said the spider to the fly."

§ 229. It is inelegant to connect a transitive verb and a preposition, or two different prepositions, with the same object; as, "We confide in and respect the good; "-"I called on, and had a conversation with, him." It is better, in such cases, either to supply an object for each of the governing words, or to omit one of the latter if it can be done without injury to the sense: thus, "We confide in the good, and respect them; "-"I called, and had a conversation with him."

228. By what must certain words be followed? To how many objects is between applicable? To how many, among? By what must verbs denoting entrance be followed?

$229. What must not be connected with the same object?

LESSON XXXII.

EXERCISE IN FALSE SYNTAX.

CORRECT the grammatical errors in the following s

tences:

UNDER § 216. Between the old and new mansion is a fine grove of trees. A gold and silver medal were presented to the inventor.-The educated and uneducated man are very different personages.-A white, red, and blue flag, was displayed from the castle.-A white, red, and blue flag, were displayed from the castle.-This veil of flesh parts the visible and invisible world. The past and present we know, but who can guess the future-Sing the first and second stanza.-A red and white rose is a great rarity.-Here are a red and white rose, growing together on the same bush.

UNDER $217. This politician's (for statesman we can hardly call him) dishonorable course has alienated most of his friends.-Richard the Lion-hearted's, as he is styled in history, glorious career, made him the idol of his subjects.-She began to extol the farmer's, as she called him, excellent understanding.-Critics find fault with the poets' of the Middle Ages numerous metrical inaccuracies.

UNDER § 218. Thou hast protected us, and shall we not honor you?— To thee I owe many favors, and you may therefore rely on my executing hy command.-'Tis thine to command, mine to obey; let me, therefore, know your pleasure.

UNDER 219. The king of Israel and the king of Judah sat each on their throne. Let each esteem other better than themselves.-Every passenger must hold their own ticket.-Each of the sexes should keep within its proper bounds, and content themselves with the advantages of their particular spheres. Some of our principal schools have each a grammar of their own.-Every bone, every muscle, every fibre, of man, are known to his Creator.-Every leaf, every twig, every drop of water, teem with life. Each day, each hour, each moment, bring their own temptations. No pain, no parting, no trial, no temptation, are to be encountered there. Every man is entitled to freedom of speech, if they do not pervert it to the injury of others.-Every body trembled for themselves or their friends.—Every one has passed through scenes which are indelibly impressed on their memory.

UNDERS 220. Perfect submission to the rules of the school are required. The column of murders, robberies, fires, and accidents, are more attractive to many readers than any other department of a news paper. Glad tidings of great joy is brought to the poor.-The train of our ideas are often interrupted.-Three months' notice are required be fore a pupil is allowed to leave.-Seven men's assertion are better than one man's oath.-Six months' sojourn among these mountains have restored me to perfect health.

UNDER § 221. If he dislikes you, why did you associate with him?

If he was a good man, why do you accuse him I would be obliged to you if you will lend me that book.—I should like it if you will go.—We informed him of the difficulty, that he may be prepared for it.-They will study, if they could be sure of taking the first prize.-Let me feel that I can succeed, and I would work hard to accomplish it.—Cultivate the acquaintance of the learned; for they might be of service to you.

UNDER $222. He writes and can read.-Many persons can command their passions, but will not do so.-He would neither go himself nor sent his servant.-I am engaged in a great work, and would not leave it for one of less importance. They might have been happy, and now are convinced of it.

UNDER $223. By laying abed late in the morning, you lose a tenth part of your life.-Take not up what you have not lain down.-The price of new-lain eggs has raised. He lay himself out to please us.-The wicked man lays in wait for his adversary. The ship sat sail at eight o'clock, and we set on the deck till midnight.-Ye have sat at nought all my counsel.-He sits a horse well. (In this sentence sits is correct, the preposition on being understood, to govern horse.)

UNDER 224. Some dedications may serve for any book that has, is, or shall, be published. He neither has, nor will, gain anything by this course. He may have, and I think did, esteem her. He doth leave the ninety and nine, goes into the mountains, and seeks that which is gone astray.-I did go, and answered my accusers.-No man in this world has, or will be, perfectly happy.—I have labored as much as a person in my situation can.

UNDER § 225. Few men have friends, who, under all circumstances, they can trust. They slew Varus, who in a former chapter I have mentioned. Who should I meet the other day, but my old friend?-Be careful who you trust.-Do you know who you are speaking to?-There are some who, though we do not like them, we cannot help respecting.— Who have we here?

UNDER § 226. Let me consider of the matter.-Great benefit may be reaped from reading of history.-His servants ye are to whom ye obey.— I shall commence by premising with a few observations.-We cannot allow of any interference. The peasants do not seem to want for any thing. The prisoner declined answering to the judge's questions.-Of this we have considered.-She was afraid to enter in the room.

UNDER § 227. The good man tries to live as God designed him to.-I will attend the meeting myself, and induce all my friends to.-Explain this point, or ask your friend to.-The book is so uninteresting, that I have not read it through, and never expect to.

UNDER § 228. Your affairs have been managed in a different manner than what I advised.-Let us profit from the misfortunes of others.-We are often disappointed in things which we seemed sure to obtain.-We are often disappointed of things which before possession promised much enjoyment. Socrates was accused for having introduced innovations in religion.-Confide on the virtuous, and rely in those who have not de ceived you. Such a course is attended by many dangers.-Catiline fled from Rome, attended with a few followers.-Bestow favors to the deserving only. Many die annually from the plague.-How can this fact be reconciled to his statements?-How many ridiculous customs have

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