"No man can be happy, if self is the sole object of his thoughts and wishes.

"No man can be happy, if conscience tells him that he has left a single duty unperformed.

"No man can be happy who is destitute of good principles and ger erous feelings."

LESSON XXIX.

EXERCISE ON THE APOSTROPHE, THE HYPHEN, AND QUOTATION

POINTS.

In the following sentences, supply the omitted points and marks:

UNDER § 193. He whos virtuous and pious in this life will be happy i the next -Tis one who ll neer forget you - Tho the heavens and the earth pass away truth shall live forever- Oer hill through vale mid snow een tho gainst his own will he steadily pursues his way-Ill take a milder medcine than revenge for Ive lovd her as few have lovd UNDER 194, 195. Swans down; a ladys fan; - ladies dresses; childrens hats; - Misses shoes;-eagles wings; All Saints Church.Peters wifes mother lay sick of a fever - Much depends on this principles being understood and these rules being strictly observed - Racines and Corneilles tragedies hold the same rank in French literature as Shakspeares enjoy in English - "Mens virtues" says a splenetic writer "like angels visits are few and far between This volume of Grays poems is neither his hers yours nor theirs it is either mine or my brothers - A few moments conversation convinced me of my friends sincerity-Xerxes soldiers; - for goodness sake; Croesus son; Musæus

"

UNDER § 196. Make your fs better give your gs the same slant and let your - be of the same length- A supply of es hs gs .s and ;8 must be procured from the foundry Three 58 -five 38

=

UNDER § 198. At twenty one my sister in law was a laughter loving bright eyed pure hearted single minded girl-The market women are bringing in an abundance of water melons musk melons and a new variety of apple called seek no furthers - My fellow traveller had a dare devil look that made me regard his double barrelled pistols with some apprehension and wish myself safe back in my old farm house Such bottle of small beer comparisons ought to be avoided The ladies hats the present season give their faces a bewitching kiss me if you dare expression

-

UNDER 199. These boatmen are allowed to sleep in the daytime— She makes a good housewife - Gunpowder for sale

UNDER 200, 201. The stolen articles were restored-The gooda were taken from one warehouse and restored in another-Ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with their aromatic scent - Instead of reinforcing it was found necessary to recreate the army. - To reform public abuses is one of the aims of every true patriot - The troops were reformed into a hollow square-My health is reestablished - Articles are sometimes reexported -These two bodies were thus reunited-What mortal knows his preexistent state We have been gathering wolfs bane and bears foot

UNDER $203 (Divide the following words into syllables by means of hy phens:) Helen, never, every, abomination, apostolical, trinitarian, heretic, ejecting, reflected, lioness, poetaster, preexistent, transacted, obvious, nevertheless, notwithstanding, official, courageous, officious, palatial, paleaceous, occasion, termination, adhesion, meandered, anathematizing.

- After

UNDER $205. All things rare and brilliant says Goldsmith in his History of Man and Quadrupeds will ever continue to be fashionable while men derive greater advantage from opulence than virtue Phocion was condemned to death one of his friends asked him if he had any message to leave his son Tell him said the magnanimous patriot to serve his country as faithfully as I have done and to forget that she rewarded my services with an unjust death - Every day thousands are going to that bourne from which no traveller returns This morning's courier contains a full description of the Great Republic the largest vessel in the world -The British Critic has an able article on Bonners Inquiry into the Origin of Language and a lengthy review of the same authors Hints on the Subject of Reform

prose

UNDER $206. Then said he Lo I come The of Tasso is placed by Corniani almost on a level with his poetry for beauty of diction We find in it he says dignity of rhythm and elegance purity without affectation and perspicuity without vulgarity We naturally ask How can these things be - Can any one help admiring the great genius of him whom all Europe designates as the man of destiny - We can only weep and cry with the poet Alas poor Yorick

UNDER $207, 208. "Hallam justly remarks There is more of the conventional tone of amorous song than of real emotion in Surreys poetry The

Easy sighs such as men draw in love

are not like the deep sorrows of Petrarch or the fiery transports of the Castilians" "The tale made every ear which heard it tingle and every heart thrill with horror It was in the language of Ossian the song of death"

"The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States To prove this let facts be submitted to a candid world

He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good

He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly for opposing with anly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people

He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices and the amount and payment of their salaries

He has erected a multitude of new offices and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their substance

LESSON XXX.

OTHER MARKS USED IN WRITING AND PRINTING.

§ 209. Besides the marks already described, there are others occasionally used for different purposes, as follows:

I. ACCENTS, or marks placed over vowels to indicate their pronunciation. They are three in number:

1. The ACUTE ACCENT ['] is placed over the vowel e in some words from the French language, to indicate that it is not silent, but has the sound of a in cane; as, condé, bal paré.

It is used by elocutionists to denote the rising inflection, as, "Are they here?"

Placed after a syllable, it shows that the accent or stress of the voice falls thereon; as, el'ement, philosopher.

2. The GRAVE ACCENT [] is sometimes placed over the vowel e in poetry, to denote that it must not be suppressed in pronunciation; as,

"The bruised sea-weed wastes away;

Its atoms on the breezes ride."

By elocutionists it is used in contradistinction to the acute, to denote the falling inflection; as, “They are hère.”

3. The CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT [^] is placed by lexicographers over certain vowels, to indicate a peculiar sound; as, hall, marîne, bûll.

Writers on oratory use it to denote a wave, or combination of the rising and the falling inflection in the pronunciation of the same syllable; as, "It is not he; it is shê."

$209. What are accents? How many are there? What are they called? Over what vowel is the acute accent sometimes placed? In words derived from what lan. guage? So placed, what does it indicate? For what is it used by elocutionists?! Placed after a syllable, what does it show? Over what vowel is the grave accent sometimes placed in poetry? For what purpose? How do elocutionists use it? For what is the circumflex accent used by lexicographers? For what, by elocutionists?

150 QUANTITY, EMPHASIS, DIVISION, AND REFERENCE MARKS.

II. QUANTITY-MARKS. These are two in number :—

1. The MACRON [], placed over a vowel to denote its long sound; as fate, mēte, note, Hēliōgabālus. ·

2. The BREVE [], placed over a vowel to denote its short sound; as, fut, mět, not, Heliogabalus.

III. EMPHASIS MARKS, used generally at the beginning of paragraphs, to attract the special attention of the reader. They are found in newspapers, cards, hand-bills, &c., but rarely in books. They are,

1. The INDEX, or HAND [].

2. The ASTERISM [***]•

IV. DIVISION-MARKS, which denote the commencement of a new branch of the subject. The marks generally used for this purpose are,

1. The PARAGRAPH [¶], rarely found in modern books, but common in the Bible and other old publications. The beginning of a new subject is now indicated simply by a break; that is, by commencing on a new line, a little to the right. The word paragraph is derived from 'the Greek; and literally means a marginal note, something written near or alongside.

2. The SECTION [§], the mark for which seems to be a combination of two 8's, standing for signum sectionis, the sign of the section. This mark is placed before subdivisions of books in connection with numbers, to facilitate reference; it is so used throughout this volume. V. REFERENCE-MARKS, used to connect a word or words in the text with remarks in the margin, or at the bottom, of the page on which they occur. Their names are given below, in the order in which, by the common consent of printers, they are introduced.

How many quantity-marks are there? macron denote? What, the breve?

What are they called? What does the

Where do emphasis-marks generally stand? For what are they used? Name and describe them.

What do division-marks denote? Name them. Where is the paragraph found? Is it used in modern publications? How is the beginning of a new subject now indi cated? From what language is the From what is the section formed? For what are reference-marks employed? Give their names in the order in

word paragraph derived?
How is this mark used?

What does it mean?

When more than six reference-marks are required, some printers double and treble those just enumerated. The better way, however, is to use small figures or letters, technically called superiors.

VI. MARKS OF ELLIPSIS, [-], [...........], or [****], are used to show that letters are omitted from a word, words from a sentence, sentences from a paragraph, or entire paragraphs and chapters from a work; as,

1. "The k-g, (k..g, or k**g) promenades the city at night in disguise."

2. "If an Artist love his Art for its own sake, he will delight in excellence wherever he meets it, as well in the work of another as in his ***** Nor is this genuine love compatible with a craving for distinction."

own.

In Example 1, k-g, k..g, or k**g, is used for king. It will be observed that, when periods or stars are thus introduced into words, there must be one for each letter omitted. When they are used, as in Ex. 2, to denote the omission of one or more sentences, any number may be employed; but too many mar the beauty of a printed page.

VII. The BRACE [] is used to connect several terms or expressions with one to which all have a common relation; as,

The brace is, also, sometimes employed to connect a triplet, or three ines of poetry rhyming together, when introduced into a poem, most of whose lines rhyme in pairs or couplets; as,

So slowly, by degrees, unwilling fame
Did matchless Eleonora's fate proclaim,
Till public as the loss the news became.

VIII. The DIERESIS ("), placed over either (generally the

which they are used by printers? When more than six are required, what is it best to employ ?

Describe the different marks of ellipsis. For what are they used? When periods or stars are used to denote the omission of letters, how many must there be? When they denote the omission of a sentence, how many must there be?

For what is the brace used? For what is it sometimes employed in poetry?