ANCILLON-cont.

or in virtue of its position, able to act with effect against the other; that there can be no doubt that in the long run some real or imaginary circumstance will occur, to make them engage in hostilities; and that where the parties are such near neighbours, and each so capable of striking a deadly blow at the other, any war in which they may engage will be prosecuted with a degree of bitterness unknown to parties that wage distant contests. It is not with them a question of honour, or of extent of dominion, but of national independence. Hence it is that the one must be an object of perpetual jealousy or fear to the other. And if any proof of what is so evident could be wished for, is it not seen among conterminous states, that when one embodies a few additional regiments, or sends a few more ships of war to sea, the others are thrown into a state of the greatest excitement? They apprehend an attack; and each hastens, by increasing its force, to provide for its security. And hence it is that every state looks upon a powerful neighbour as a necessary or natural, though not always an active or avowed enemy. It results from these statements and the nature of the thing, that though an alliance with a powerful neighbour, such as has happily subsisted for a good many years between this country and France, be of the greatest importance to the well-being of each, it never can be quite sincere, or without an arrière-pensée, both on the one side and the other. The strongest expressions of cordiality and friendship uniformly rest, in such cases, upon a basis of jealousy and suspicion which may, at any time, be fanned into a flame. Each party knows that notwithstanding a sense of the advantages resulting from their alliance has made the other suppress or conceal his apprehensions, these can never be eradicated; and each is, therefore, on his guard.

So long as Scotland was independent, she was the natural enemy of England; and, for the same reason, she was the natural ally of France. Should the Southern States of America establish their independence, Canada will be their natural ally, and the Northern States their natural enemy. Position, independent of anything else, suffices to make nations enemies or friends.

Austria, for example, is a natural and most valuable ally of England; for they have no opposing interests, and can seldom come into collision with each other. But supposing either to be at war with France, the other may render her essential service, as she has repeatedly done, by espousing her cause, or making a demonstration in her favour. And hence it is above all things necessary to guard against the aggrandizement of a powerful frontier state, or natural enemy, and to cultivate the friendship of those ith which it may be in contact. It may be said, perhaps, that owing to her insular situation, Great Britain is less interested in the balance of no than any other European state, and may afford to overlook changes that c not be overlooked by others. But an insular situation is nothing without the comand of the sea. And the application of steam to the business of navigation has gone far to make, or rather has made, descents and invasions practicable despite a great naval superiority. To allow in such a state of things a preponderating power to grow up on the Continent, and then trust to fleets for protection, would be a hazardous policy on our part. A thousand circumstances may enable an enemy to elude or defeat the most formidable squadrons. And supposing a descent to be effected, we should be left, with the certainty of vast injury, to contend single-handed with, perhaps, a gigantic power, whose growth we might and ought to have checked at the outset.

I extract a paragraph from Ancillon, which is as correct in principle as it is well expressed:

"Quiconque peut nous faire du mal, veut ou voudra nous en faire. Tel est le principe qui a guidé l'homme dans la formation des sociétés politiques; il a créé une puissance qui contint dans tous les individus la volonté et le pouvoir de faire le mal. Tel est encore le principe qui, dans plusieurs pays, a fait imaginer la division et le partage des pouvoirs, parceque la puissance absolue du gouvernement a paru quelquefois un danger de plus qui pouvait menacer la sûreté publique et le but de l'association. Telle est enfin la maxime fondamentale et la base de toute la politique. On ne peut pas se reposer sur la vertu: elle est ou douteuse et équivoque, ou secrète et inconnue. Toutes les forces tiennent de la nature des corps expansibles qui cherchent à se dilater, on ne peut donc partir, dans la grande société des états, où le droit n'a point de garantie extérieure, que de l'abus possible, et même probable, de la puissance."-(Discours Préliminaire, p. 20.)

ANDERSON Selectus Diplomatum et Numismatum Scotia Thesaurus Jac. Andersoni, auxit et locupletavit Thomas Ruddimannus. Folio. Edinburgi, 1739. Morocco, ex.

This very valuable work consists of fac-simile engravings of charters, seals, coins, and other national muniments. It was patronised by the Scotch Parliament, by whom it was justly regarded as of national importance. Its publication did not take place till more than 10 years after Anderson's death. The elaborate introduction or preface, written in Latin by the celebrated Mr. Thomas Ruddiman, was translated into English, and published separately in 1773. See Ruddiman.

History of Commerce. See Works on.

Croesus, [The History of,] King of Lydia, in 4 Parts. (By Walter Anderson, D.D.) Post 8vo. Edinburgh, 1755. This singular book is said to have originated in a joke of David Hume. Whatever it has of history is borrowed from Herodotus, but it is eked out with dissertations on destiny, dreams, &c. Anderson also published several volumes on the History of France, which fell still-born from the press. The Philosophy of Greece (see next Article) is by much the best of his publications, and will redeem his name from entire oblivion. He died in 1800, after having been for more than 50 years minister of Chirnside in Berwickshire.

The Philosophy of Ancient Greece investigated in its Origin and Progress, &c., by Walter Anderson, D.D. 4to. Edinburgh, 1791. Uncut, calf, ex.

The Popular Scottish Biography, being Lives of Eminent Natives of Scotland, brought down to the present Time, from the most authentic Sources, by William Anderson, Esq. Thick post. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1842.

A trustworthy and extremely useful little work.

ANDREOSSY : Constantinople et le Bosphore de Thrace, par M. le Comte Andreossy. 8vo. Paris, 1828.

ANDRES: Dell' Origine, Progressi, e Stato Attuale di Ogni Letteratura, di Giovanni Andres. 4to. 8 vols. Roma, 1808. Calf, ex., H. & B. Hallam says of this work, that "it is an exaordinary performance, embracing both ancient and modern literature in its al extent, and in many parts with little assistance from any former publication of the kind. It is far better known on the Continent than in England, where I have not frequently seen it quoted, nor do I believe it is common in our private libraries."—(Literature of Europe.) ANDREWS: History of Great Britain, from the Death of Henry VIII. (in continuation of Dr. Henry), by J. P. Andrews, F.S.A. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1806. See Henry.

ANET: A Collection of the Tracts of a certain Free Inquirer (P. Anet), noted by his Sufferings for his Opinions. 8vo. London, V.Y. ANNUITIES and Reversionary Payments. See Milne, Morgan, Price, Smart, &c.

ANGLING: Songs of the Edinburgh Angling Club, with Illustrations. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1858. Privately printed.

An extremely well got up book. It was given to me by Mr. Alexander Russell, who is at once a first-rate editor (of the Scotsman), angler, and companion. ANQUETIL: L'Intrigue du Cabinet sous Henry IV. et Louis XIII. terminée

par La Fronde, par M. Anquetil. 12mo. 4 vols. Paris, 1780. L'Esprit de la Ligue, ou Histoire Politique des Troubles de France pendant le 16me et 17me Siècles. 12mo. 3 vols. Paris, 1771.

ANSON: A Voyage round the World, in the Years 1740-44, by George Anson, Esq., afterwards Lord Anson, compiled from his Papers and Materials by Richard Walter, M.A. 9th edition. 4to. London, 1756. ANSTEY The Poetical Works of Christopher Anstey, Esq., including the New Bath Guide, with a Life of the Author. 4to. London, 1808. Half Russia.

:

ANTI-JACOBIN, Poetry of. 6th edition. 12mo. London, 1813. Pale calf. The Right Hon. George Canning was the principal contributor to this publication. Nothing can exceed the terseness, pungency, and effect of the satire. The Loves of the Triangles, a parody of Darwin's Loves of the Plants, is perfect alike in its wit and versification.

:

ANTILLON Elementos de la Geografia Astronomica, Natural y Politica, de España y Portugal, por Don Isidoro de Antillon. 12mo. Valencia, 1815. ANTIQUITIES: Grecian Antiquities, by Archbishop Potter, edited by

Dunbar. 8vo. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1831. by Wachsmuth. 8vo. 2 vols. Oxford, 1837. by Herman. 8vo. Oxford, 1836.

Roman Antiquities, by Kennet. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1820.

by Adams.

8vo. London, 1835.

by Fuss. 8vo. Oxford, 1840.

Biblical, by Jahn. 8vo. Oxford, 1836.
All in light-coloured calf, uniform, H. & B.

ANTIQUITIES, Tracts on, viz :

1. Recherches sur la Nature et l'Etendue d'un ancien Ouvrage des Romains, appelé communément Briquetage de Marsal, etc., par M. D. Artezé de la Sauvagere, 1740.

2. Mémoire sur la Ville Souterraine, découverte au pied du Mont Vésuve, 1748.

3. Dissertation sur un Monument singulier des Utriculaires de Cavaillon, où l'on éclaircit un point intéressant de la Navigation des Anciens, par M. Calvet, etc., 1766.

4. Essai Historique et Critique sur les Atlantiques, dans lequel on fais voir la conformité de l'Histoire de ce peuple avec celle des Hébreux, par F. C. Baer, Aumonier, etc., 1762.

5. Essai sur le Feu sacré et sur les Vestales, 1768.

6. Histoire Philosophique et Politique de Lacédémone, et des Loix de Lycurgue, par M. l'A. D. G., 1768.

7. Théâtre de plus beaux Monumens de Paris, 1770.

8. Traités de la Paix Générale de l'Europe, en 1763.

8vo. 1 vol.

These Tracts are all very scarce and difficult to be got. That on the Vestals is the most complete dissertation on the subject.

1. Essay on the Study of Antiquities. 2nd edition, 1782.

2. Essay on Certain Points of Resemblance between Ancient and Modern Greeks, by the Hon. Fred. J. N. Douglas. 3d edition, 1813.

8vo. 1 vol.

ARAGO: Historical Eloge of James Watt, by M. Arago, translated by J. P. Muirhead, Esq., M.A. 4to. London, 1839. See Watt.

In addition to the Eloge of Arago, which furnishes pretty full details in regard to the scientific life and discoveries of Watt, this volume contains his character, by Lord Jeffrey, published in the Scotsman, soon after his death, with an account of the proceedings of a public meeting held in London for erecting a monument in his honour. Jeffrey's contribution is by far the most discriminating, able, and eloquent tribute that has been paid to the memory of this great discoverer. Many interesting details respecting the early life and progress of Watt are given by Williamson in his Memorials of his youthful career, to which the reader is referred. (See Williamson.)

See Weights and Measures. 12mo. 2 vols. Glasgow, 1751.

ARBUTHNOT'S Ancient Coins, Weights, &c. Miscellaneous Works of John. "Arbuthnot," says Johnson, "was a man of great comprehension, skilful in his profession, versed in the sciences, acquainted with ancient literature, and able to animate his mass of knowledge by a bright and active imagination; a scholar with great brilliancy of wit; a wit, who in the crowd of life retained and discovered a noble ardour of religious zeal."-(Life of Pope.)

Tract by George. See Money, Coins, &c.

ARIOSTO: Orlando Furioso di Lodovico Ariosto. 8vo. 24 vols. Baskerville, Birmingham, 1773. Red mor., the printing and binding being both excellent.

ARIOSTO-HOOLE: The Orlando Furioso of Ariosto, from the Italian, by John Hoole. 2d edition. 8vo. 5 vols. London, 1785.

ARISTÆNETUS. See Classics and Translations.

ARISTOPHANES-MITCHELL. See Classics, Translations, &c.

ARISTOTLE'S Treatises on Politics, Rhetoric, Poetry, &c. See Classics, Translations, &c.

ARMANDI: Histoire Militaire des Eléphants, depuis les temps les plus reculés, jusqu'à l'introduction des armes à feu. Par le Chev. Armandi. 8vo. Paris, 1843.

ARMSTRONG: The Art of Preserving Health, by John Armstrong, M.D. Post 8vo. London, 1774.

Miscellanies by. 12mo. 2 vols. London, 1770.

The History of the Island of Minorca, by John Armstrong, Esq. 8vo. London, 1752. Calf, ex.

ARNAULD: Œuvres Philosophiques d'Arnauld, avec des Notes et une Introduction par C. Jourdain. 12mo. Paris, 1843.

ARNISÆI, Doctrina Politica. 12mo. Elz. Amst. 1643.

Elz. Amst. 1643. Mor. Simier.

ARNOLD: The History of Rome to the End of the Second Punic War, by Thomas Arnold, D.D. 8vo. 3 vols. London, 1838-50.

Introductory Lectures on Modern History. 8vo. London, 1842. ARNOT: The History of Edinburgh, from the earliest Accounts to the present Time, by Hugo Arnot, Esq. 4to. Edinburgh, 1788.

A well-written, interesting work. There is no late account of Edinburgh worth looking into; and it were much to be wished that some competent party would undertake a new edition of Arnot continued to the present time, or a new work of the same kind.

ARNOTT Elements of Physics, or Natural Philosophy, General and Medical, by Neil Arnott, M.D. 3d edition. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1828 and 1829.

All published and extremely good.

A Survey of Human Progress, from the Savage State to the
Highest Civilization yet attained. 8vo. London, 1861.

ARNOULD. See Insurance, Works on.

ARROWSMITH: The London Atlas of John Arrowsmith, with additional Maps. Folio. London, 1842, &c. Half Russia.

Preferable to any other English publication of its class.

ARUNDELL: A Visit to the Seven Churches of Asia, with an Excursion
into Judea, &c., by the Rev. V. J. Arundell. 8vo. London, 1828.
Calf, ex.
ASCHAM: The English Works of Roger Ascham, Preceptor to Queen
Elizabeth. 4to. London, 1761. Russia, ex.

The life of the author, prefixed to this book, though anonymous, is no doubt the work of Johnson. The book principally consists of two treatises, one entitled Toxophilus, in defence of Archery, and the other the Schoolmaster. Archery was a favourite amusement of Ascham's; and being one in which he spent, or, as it was sometimes said, wasted a great deal of time, he wrote a treatise partly in its vindication and recommending its practice; and partly, also, with the different but not less important object of its serving as a specimen of improved English composition. After stating that he had succeeded in both these objects, Johnson goes on to say, "He has sufficiently vindicated archery as an innocent, salutary, useful, and liberal diversion; and if his precepts are of no great use, he has only shown by one example among many, how little the hand can derive from the mind, how little intelligence can conduce to dexterity. In every art, practice is much; in arts, manual practice is almost the whole. Precept can at most but warn against error, it can never bestow excellence."

"The Schoolmaster," a posthumous publication, was written to recommend dispensing as much as practicable with grammatical details in the learning of languages; and it has the merit of denouncing the severe punishments that were then so frequent in schools, of recommending to masters to study the dispositions of their scholars, and to treat them with gentleness and kindness. Johnson says of this treatise, that "it perhaps contains the best advice that ever was given for the study of languages."

Ascham died in 1558, at the age of 53. He was much regretted by Queen Elizabeth, to whom he had been originally tutor, and afterwards Latin Secretary. ASH: The New and Complete Dictionary of the English Language, by John Ash, LL.D. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1775. Old calf. ASHMOLE: The Institution, Laws, and Ceremonies of the most noble Order of the Garter, by Elias Ashmole, Esq., Windsor Herald. Folio. Lendon, 1672. Russia.

ASTLE: The Origin and Progress of Writing, as well Hieroglyphic as Elementary, illustrated by engravings, &c. By Thomas Astle, Esq., F.R.S., &c. &c. 2d edition. 4to. London, 1803. Blue mor., ex. ASTLEY: A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels, &c. &c. 4to. 4 vols. Published by Thomas Astley, London, 1745. Half Russia,

uncut.

This is not so much a collection of voyages and travels as an account of various countries, compiled from the notices of them given by the principal voyagers and travellers. The Editor justly observes in the Preface to the work, that the adventures of travellers are often trifling and tedious, and there must necessarily be a good deal of repetition in those to the same countries. Hence they may for the most part be very greatly abridged; and as it would be of no use to repeat the same facts and circumstances over and over again from different authors, the plan has been adopted in this publication of incorporating those that seemed best entitled to credit into a consistent narrative, referring at the same time to the works whence they are taken. This plan seems, speaking generally, to be carefully executed. Finkerton, who is not given to eulogy, says of this work, that it is" rare and valuable. The Editor, called Green in some catalogues, is certainly a man of great learning and industry."—(Catalogue of Maps and Books annexed to Geography.)

ATHENS, Antiquities of. See Stuart.

ATLAS Antiquus, delineavit C. De Spruner, Phil. Doct. Folio. Gothæ,