they thought, against the negligence or caprice of future ages; ignorantly supposing that they could arrest the progress of human affairs, and fix that perpetual flow of change to which all things mortal are destined, by a few sentences of Latin and some shreds of parchment. But, as if to baffle the vain endeavours of man to extend his empire beyond the period of his own generation, it is invariably found, that where the greatest anxiety has been shown to legislate in detail, the greatest departure is exhibited, after the lapse of a few centuries, from the real design of the benefactor, and that too not only in due accordance with the language of the deed, as in law it must needs be interpreted, but frequently in consequence of that very phraseology which was adopted for a widely different purpose. Like the principle of life in organized beings, the spirit of an institution is of too subtle and delicate a nature to be confined by any palpable ties. The outward form may have remained unchanged, while all the finer essence has escaped. The only sure preservative is to maintain, within the body itself, an independent and virtuous principle of action; a feeling among the members that they are bound in honour and in conscience to execute the will of their founder substantially, under all the variations of manners and circumstances which the great innovator Time' is incessantly producing. This purpose should be carried into effect with as close an adherence to the prescribed form and order as possible; and no deviation should be sanctioned but such as an ingenuous and enlightened mind would at once acknowledge that the first author of the institution must, if he could be consulted, himself approve. Under a principle such as this, a principle which no visiting commissioners can take cognizance of, and which no form of law can secure, a perpetual youth aud vigour might be infused into our oldest institutions: and the more flexible the nature of each, the more readily it yielded to the pressure and exigences of the times, the more durable in fact would the work of early munificence be; the more protracted the existence even of that form which its authors fondly designed to give it as a memorial of themselves, and which, in this silent adaptation to the circumstances around it, only follows the analogy of nature in all her living productions. Our hopes of such a remedy for the difficulties above alluded to, must be founded in the progress of liberal opinion, in the more enlarged view which men daily take of their social interests and their social duties, and still more perhaps in that enlightened religion of the heart, which forbids them to seek, in a pretended veneration for statutes, a real screen for their own indulgence. This, indeed, is the last excuse with which we are disposed to VOL. XXXIII. NO. LXV. S come come to any compromise, pleaded as it sometimes is by those who well know that a hundred rules are in fact daily dispensed with, and wisely too, because the observance of them would be burdensome to the present individuals, as well as useless to the public, and yet scruple to sacrifice others of the same kind to the public good, because their own ease or comfort is promoted by their continuance. It is needless for us, after the evidence we have long given of our attachment to the establishments of which we speak, to deprecate all imputation of hostile or disrespectful feelings towards them, or of that flimsy and heartless philosophy, which would substitute the cant of metaphysics for those natural and varied springs of action, which exist in our social habits and affections. Next to the domestic tie, there is hardly to be found a more virtuous or a more useful sentiment, than that which unites men to the scene of their early studies and friendships, and to the community into which it was once their pride to be adopted. The character of identity thus given to a numerous and long established society is the source of many a lively emotion, and implants within us a new set of hopes and recollections, of interests and pleasures. It connects us with the transactions of former days, with the scholars, the divines, the patriots of whom we are most proud, with many an illustrious and revered name that will never be forgotten. Like the generous pride of ancestry, it kindles in the breast of succeeding representatives a flame bright but harmless, and strengthens all the ordinary motives to exertion, by the consciousness it creates, that the honour of our deeds will be cherished as a common possession, and be reflected, in some degree, upon our associates and our friends. Let it never then be suspected that we wish to undermine this hallowed affection, or to loosen the hold which such ties naturally have upon us. Rather would we seek to rivet them more firmly, by removing defects which must weaken the interest of honourable minds in the preservation of these bodies; which must raise something like an emotion of shame at the comparison of their actual state with their earlier history-a comparison which wants. only the spirited resolution of a few leading men to turn the scale decidedly in their own favour. Surely, if the throng of students which once wore life away in academical exercises be no longer required to people these walls, the space ought to be filled by others who now press in vain for admission: nor can it be doubted by any unprejudiced mind, that the same munificence which change of manners has thus rendered abortive, would instantly be transferred, if the hand of the benefactor were again warm with life, to the encouragement of studies in that mode which is alone adapted to the present age. It is by such a continual adaptation only, that the dignity of these institutions, and the hold they have upon public opinion, can be maintained. The powerful arm of English law may indeed long secure their existence; but how much more enviable is that stability which is firmly rooted in the public esteem; the strength of which lies in the love and the honour not in the fears of men, and which visibly repays the protection of law by a more than adequate return of public benefits. NOTE. In our review of Mr. Biddulph's treatise on the Operation of the Holy Spirit, in our 61st Number, we had occasion to mention Dr. Knox's Christian Philosophy,' and in page 124 noticed an inaccurate translation of the words' Apostolicis literis.' We find that we were wrong in attributing the mistake to Dr. Knox. At the time of writing we were unable to consult the copy of Christian Philosophy' in which we believed that we had read it. In page 125 we remarked that some valuable matter had been omitted in the edition of Christian Philosophy,' which forms part of the Collection of Dr. Knox's works, and that, except this had been done in compliance with the wishes of Dr. Knox, the editor had taken an improper liberty. This remark was made under a mistake arising from the circumstance of a spurious edition, printed about the same time, (which, for obvious reasons, followed the first edition,) having, by accident, fallen into our hands. We are informed that the genuine edition is reprinted from the last that was published in the lifetime of the author. It has been observed, that the doctrine that Socrates was made wisdom and righteousness to the Grecian people not less than Jesus' was in reality maintained by Bishop Warburton, and was not censured by him as part of the paganized christianity' which he condemns. 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