ART. 177. The adopter does not acquire any right whatsoever to inherit from the adopted.. Neither does the adopted acquire any right to inherit from the adopter, except by will, unless the adopter in the deed of adoption has bound himself or herself to make said child his or her heir. This obligation shall produce no effect when the adopted dies before the adopter. The adopted retains all the rights belonging to him or her in his or her natural family excepting those relating to the parental authority.

BOOK SECOND.

PROPERTY, OWNERSHIP, AND ITS MODIFICATIONS.

TITLE I.

CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTY.

PRELIMINARY PROVISION.

ART. 333. All things which are or may be the subject of appropriation are considered either as personal or real property.

CHAPTER I.

REAL PROPERTY.

ART. 334. Real property consists of:

1. Lands, buildings, roads, and constructions of all kinds adherent to the soil.

2. Trees and plants and ungathered products while they are not separated from the land and form an integral part of the real property.

3. All that is attached to real property in a fixed manner, so that it can not be separated therefrom without breaking the matter or injuring the object.

4. Statues, reliefs, paintings, or other useful or ornamental objects placed in buildings or on lands by the owner of the real estate in such a manner as to show the intention of attaching them permanently to the estate.

5. Machinery, vessels, instruments, or utensils,

destined by the owner of the estate to the industry or work he may carry on in a building or estate and which are directly required to satisfy the necessities of the said work.

6. Vivaries for animals, pigeon houses, beehives, fish ponds, or beds for similar purposes, when the owner has placed or preserves them for the purpose of keeping the same attached to the estate and forming a permanent part thereof.

7. Manure destined to the cultivation of an estate, when it is on the ground in which it is to be employed.

8. Mines, quarries, and dumps, while attached to the soil, and running or stagnant waters.

9. Docks and constructions, even though floating, the purpose and conditions of which are to remain at a fixed place in a river, lake, or on a coast.

10. Administrative concessions for public works, and easements, and other property rights in real estate.

CHAPTER II.

PERSONAL PROPERTY.

ART. 335. Personal property is considered anything susceptible of appropriation and not included in the foregoing chapter, and, in general, all that which can be carried from one place to another without damage to the real estate to which it may be attached.

ART. 336. Incomes or pensions, either for life or hereditary, in favor of a person or family, provided they do not encumber real estate with a property lien, as well as alienated offices, contracts for public services, and mortgage loan bonds or certificates are also personal property.

ART. 337. Personal property is either consumable (fungibles) or nonconsumable (non fungibles).

To the first class belongs that which can not be made use of, by reason of its nature, without consuming it; all other personal property belongs to the second class.

CHAPTER III.

PROPERTY WITH REGARD TO OWNERSHIP.

ship.

ART. 338. Property is of public or private owner

ART. 339. Property of public ownership is:

1. That destined to the public use, such as roads, canals, rivers, torrents, ports, and bridges constructed by the State, and banks, shores, roadsteads, and that of a similar character.

2. That belonging exclusively to the State without being for public use and which is destined to some public service, or to the development of the national wealth, such as walls, fortresses, and other works for the defense of the territory, and mines, until their concession has been granted.

ART. 340. All other property belonging to the State which has not the conditions stated in the preceding article is considered as private property.

ART. 341. Property of public ownership, when no longer devoted to general uses or to the requirements of the defense of the territory, shall become a part of the State property.

ART. 342. Property of the royal patrimony is governed by its special law, and in what is not provided for therein by the general provisions established by this code regarding private property.

ART. 343. The property of provinces and of towns is divided into property for public use and patrimonial property.

ART. 344. Property for public use in provinces and in towns comprises the provincial and town roads, the squares, streets, fountains, and public waters, the promenades, and public works of general service supported by the said towns or provinces.

All other property possessed by either is patrimonial, and shall be governed by the provisions of this code, unless otherwise prescribed in special laws.

ART. 345. Besides the patrimonial property of the State, or provinces, and of municipalities, that belonging to private parties, individually or collectively, is property of private ownership.

PROVISIONS COMMON TO THE THREE PRECEDING
CHAPTERS.

ART. 346. Whenever by provision of law or by an individual declaration the expression real property or personal property is used, there shall be understood as included in the same, respectively, that enumerated in chapter one and in chapter two.

Whenever the word furniture (meubles) alone is used there shall not be understood as included therein money, credits, commercial securities, bonds, jewels, scientific or artistic collections, books, medals, arms, clothing, horses or carriages and their accessories, grain, liquids (caldos), and merchandise or other things, the principal use of which is not to furnish or ornament residences, with the exception of the case in which, by the context of the law or of the individual provision, the contrary clearly appears.

ART. 347. Whenever, in a sale, legacy, or gift