British lady, was married to Rufus, and that this celebrated Roman citizen was afterwards called Pudens, on account of his virtues, modesty, and gentleness.

St. Paul and the poet being contemporaries at Rome, there can remain no doubt that the persons named by each were the same individuals; for nothing can be more improbable than that there were two Claudia's born in Britain, or two Rufus's surnamed Pudens, at one and the same time; yet the Apostle of the Gentiles characterises his convert by both appellations, in his Epistles to the Romans, and to Timothy; between the dates of which, viz. the years 58 and 66, it would appear by Martial, that Claudia, "British born," was married to Rufus, afterwards Pudens, and hence named Claudia-Rufina.

NOTE B.

EARLY CHURCHES OF BRITAIN.

(See p. 14.)

The reception and establishment in this sland of a deputed ecclesiastic from the see of Rome,

gradually induced a feeling of jealousy between

the descendants of the primitive Christians whose faith was derived from the Apostolic age, and the recent proselytes, whose conversion had been effected through the instrumentality of Pope Gregory and his missionaries." A struggle accordingly began between the Papal Christianity of Augustine and the more ancient Christianity of the British churches; and though the latter were supported by the kindred churches of the northern part of the island, they were forced to give way to the ascendancy of Rome, which was gradually extended throughout the Saxon governments."-See Miller's History, Philosophically Illustrated, vol. i. p. 365.

NOTE C.

BISHOP SMYTH, FOUNDER OF BRASENOSE COLLEGE, OXFORD.

(See p. 23.)

"His biographer has supposed him to have been educated in the household of Thomas, the first Earl of Derby. The Countess of Richmond, who was the second wife of this nobleman, according to a laudable custom in the houses of

the nobility, provided in this manner for the instruction of young men of promising talents; and it is known that she was the early patron of Smyth."-Chalmers' History, Oxford, vol. i. p. 227.

NOTE D.

BISHOP GODWIN THE HISTORIAN AND ANTIQUARY.

(See p. 27.)

the

Francis Godwin was promoted by Queen Elizabeth to the bishopric of Llandaff, in consequence of his able and useful works; and " by countenance and protection which she extended to erudite persons, the two Universities are stated to have produced more illustrious examples of learning and worth than can be instanced in any age in the same compass of time." Ballard's Memoirs, p. 158. p. 350.

Granger's Biog. Hist. vol. i.

NOTE E.

STATE OF LITERATURE AT THE CLOSE OF THE STUART DYNASTY.

(See page 29.)

"The reign of Queen Anne may be said to have been the summer of which William and Mary's was only the spring. Every thing was ripened; nothing was corrupted. It was a short but glorious period of heroism and national capacity; of taste and science; learning and genius; of gallantry without licentiousness, and politeness without effeminacy."-Russell on Women, vol. ii. p. 150,

NOTE F.

FIRST WRITTEN LAWS OF ENGLAND.

(See p. 35.)

The laws of the Anglo-Saxons were first reduced to writing by Ethelbert, King of Kent, who ascended the throne so early as in the year 568.*

The laws passed by Ethelbert with the advice of the Wittenagemot still exist in the Saxon tongue, being printed in Bishop Wilkins's Leges Anglo-Saxonicæ.

Afterwards Ina, King of Wessex, and Offa, King of Mercia, enacted laws for the regulation of their respective kingdoms. King Alfred composed from the laws of these three princes, the code which he published for the government of his subjects, and which became the foundation of the common law of England.-Miller, vol. i. p. 373.

NOTE G.

RECULVER.

(See p. 33.)

To accommodate Augustine and his followers, Ethelbert resigned to them his royal palace at Canterbury, and retired to Reculver, a deserted Roman settlement, distant about nine miles; where, having built a palace within the area of its ancient walls, he there resided until his death, in the year 616.

Reculver had been an important military station of the first Roman settlers, and its castle and walls were among the earliest works of that people in this island. By them it was termed Regulbium; and by the Saxons Raculfcester, on account of its castle, and, eventually, Raculf-minster, in