Mr. Stanhope, and secretary of state, who impeached him, very soon after negociated and concluded his accommodation with the late king; to whom he was to have been presented the next day. But the late Bishop of Rochester, Atterbury, who thought that the Jacobite cause might suffer by losing the Duke of Ormond, went in all haste and prevailed with the poor weak man to run away; assuring him, that he was only to be gulled into a disgraceful submission, and not to be pardoned in consequence of it. When his subsequent attainder passed, it excited mobs and disturbances in town. He had not a personal enemy in the world, and had a thousand friends. All this was singly owing to his natural desire of pleasing; and to the mechanical means that his education, not his parts, had given him of doing it. The other instance is the late Duke of Marlborough, who studied the art of pleasing, because he well knew the importance of it: he enjoyed and used it more than ever man did. He gained whoever he had a mind to gain, and he had a mind to gain every body, because he knew that every body was more or less worth gaining. Though his power, as minister and general, made him many political and party enemies, they did not make him one personal one; and the very people who would gladly have displaced, disgra ced, and perhaps attainted, the Duke of Marlborough, at the same time personally loved Mr. Churchill, even though his private character was blemished by sordid avarice, the most unamiable of all vices. He had wound up and turned his whole machine to please and engage. He had an inimitable sweetness and gentleness in his countenance, a a tenderness in his manner of speaking, a graceful

dignity in every motion, and a universal and minute attention to the least things that could possibly please the least person. This was all art in him; art, of which he well knew and enjoyed the advantages: for no man ever had more interior ambition, pride, and avarice, than he had.

Choice of amusements.

A gentleman always attends even to the choice of his amusements. If at cards, he will not play at cribbage, all-fours, or putt; or, in sports of exercise, be seen at skittles, foot-ball, leap-frog, cricket, driving of coaches, &c. for he knows that such an imitation of the manners of the mob will indelibly stamp him with vulgarity. I cannot likewise avoid calling playing upon any musical instrument illiberal in a gentleman Music is usually reckoned one of the liberal arts, and not unjustly; but a man of fashion, who is seen piping or fiddling at a concert, degrades his own dignity. If you love music, hear it; pay fiddlers to play to you, but never fiddle yourself. It makes a gentleman appear frivolous and contemptible, leads him frequently into bad company, and wastes that time which might otherwise be well employed.

Carving.

However trifling some things may seem, they are no longer so, when above half the world thinks them otherwise. Carving, as it occurs at least ance in every day, is not below our notice. We should use ourselves to carve adroitly and genteelly, without hacking half an hour across a bone, without bespattering the company with the sauce, and without overturning the glasses into your neigh.

bour's pockets. To be awkward in this particular, is extremely disagreeable and ridiculous. It is easily avoided by a little attention and use; and a man, who tells you gravely that he cannot carve, may as well tell you that he cannot blow his nose; it is both as easy and as necessary.*

*Rules for behaviour at table.

It is very rude, when at table, to scratch any part of your body.

You ought to take care, also, if possible, not to spit during that time; or, if you are under a necessity of doing it, it ought to be done in some decent manner. I have sometimes heard, that there were whole nations, formerly, so temperate, and of so dry a habit of body, from frequent exercise, that they never spit or blew their noses on any occasion. Why cannot we therefore contain our spittle for so short a space of time, at least, as is spent at our meals?

We should likewise be careful not to cram in our food so greedily, and with so voracious an appetite, as to cause us to hiccup, or be guilty of any thing else that may offend the eyes or the ears of the company; which they do who eat in such a hurry, as, by their puffing and blowing, to be troublesome to those who sit near them.

It is also very indecent to rub your teeth with the ta ble-cloth or napkin; and to endeavour to pick them with your finger is more so.

In the presence also of others, to wash your mouth, and to squirt out the wine with which you have performed that operation, is very unpolite.

When the table is cleared, to carry about your toothpick in your mouth, like a bird going to build his nest, or to stick it behind your ear, as a barber does his comb, is no very genteel custom.

They also are undoubtedly mistaken in their notions of politeness, who carry their tooth-pick cases hanging down from their necks; for, besides that it is an odd sight

Chit-Chat.

Study to acquire that fashionable kind of smallValk or chit-chat, which prevails in all polite assemlies; and which, trifling as it may appear, is of

for a gentleman to produce any thing of that kind from his bosom, like some strolling pedlar, this inconvenience must also follow from such a practice, that he who acts thus discovers that he is but too well furnished with every instrument of luxury, and too anxious about every thing that relates to the belly: and I can see no reason why the same persons might not as well display a silver spoon hanging about their necks.

To lean with your elbows upon the table, or to fill both your cheeks so full that your jaws seem swelled, is by no means agreeable.

Neither ought you, by any token or gesture, to discover that you take too great pleasure in any kind of food or wine, which is a custom more proper for inn-keepers and parasites.

To invite those who sit at table with you to eat, by expressions of this kind, 'What! have you proclaimed a fast to-day?' or, 'Perhaps here is nothing at table you can make a dinner of?" or, "Pray, sir, taste this or that dish: Thus to invite people, I say, is by no means a laudable custom, though now become familiar to almost every one, and practised in every family; for though these officious people show that the person whom they thus invite is really the object of their care, yet they give occasion, by this means, to the person invited, to be less free in his behaviour, and make him blush at the thought of being the subject of observation.

For any one to take upon him to help another to any thing that is set upon the table, I do not think very polite; unless, perhaps, the person who does this is of much superior dignity, so that he who receives it is honoured by the offer; for if this be done amongst equals, he that offers any thing to another, appears, in some mea

use in mixed companies and at table. It turns upon the public events of Europe, and then is at its best; very often upon the number, the goodness or badness, the discipline or the clothing, of the troops of different princes; sometimes upon the families, the marriages, the relations of princes and considerable people; and sometimes the magnificence of public entertainments, balls, masquerades, &c. Upon such occasions, likewise, it is not amiss to know how to parler cuisine, and to be able to dissert upon the growth and flavour of wines. These, it is true, are very little things; but they are little things that occur very often, and therefore should be said avec gentillesse et grace.

Cleanliness.

The person should be accurately clean; the teeth, hands, and nails, should be particularly so; a dirty mouth has real ill consequences to the owner;

sure, to affect a superiority over him: sometimes, too, what is offered may not be agreeable to the palate of another. Besides, a man by this means seems to intimate that the entertainment is not very liberally furnished out; or, at least, that the dishes are placed in a preposterous order, when one abounds and the other wants. And it is possible that the person who gives the entertainment may not be very well pleased with such a freedom. Nevertheless, in this respect, we ought rather to do what is usually done, than what we may think would be better done: for it is more advisable, in cases of this nature, to err with the multitude, than to be singular even in acting rightly. But whatever may be proper or improper in this respect, you should never refuse any thing that is offered you; for you will be thought either to despise or to reprove him that offers it.-Galateo,