that he was zealous and persuasive, without being popular or eloquent. His publications were numerous, but are now forgotten.

FANNIUS, (Caius,) surnamed Strabo, was consul at Rome in 161 B.C. with Valerius Messala. The law called Fannia was made during his consulate, for regulating the expenses of feasts, and empowering the prætors to drive the rhetoricians and philosophers from Rome.CAIUS FANNIUS, his son, distinguished himself by his eloquence, and was consul 120 B.C. He opposed the enterprises of Caius Gracchus, and made a speech against him, which is praised by Cicero.

FANSHAWE, (Sir Richard,) a statesman, diplomatist, and poet, was born at Ware-park, in Hertfordshire, in 1608. He commenced his education under the famous schoolmaster Thomas Farnaby, and in 1623 was admitted a fellowcommoner of Jesus college, Cambridge, whence he was removed to the Inner Temple, January 22, 1626. He then travelled to France and Spain, for the purpose of acquiring the languages, and studying the manners of those countries. On his return home he was appointed secretary to the embassy at Madrid, under lord Aston. Being in England at the breaking-out of the civil war, he declared early for the crown, and was employed in several important matters of state. In 1644, attending the court at Oxford, he had the degree of D.C.L. conferred upon him, and was appointed secretary at war to the prince of Wales, whom he attended into the western parts of England, and thence into the islands of Scilly and Jersey. In 1648 he was appointed treasurer to the navy under prince Rupert, which office he held till 1650, when he was created

a baronet, and was sent to Madrid to represent the necessitous situation of his master, and to beg a temporary assistance from Philip IV. He was then sent for to Seotland, and served there in the capacity of secretary of state. In 1651 he was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester, and committed to close custody in London; but having contracted a dangerous sickness, he was permitted to go out upon bail. In 1654 he hired Tankersley park, in Yorkshire, of his friend lord Strafford, to whom he dedicated his translation of the Lusiad of Camoëns, written during his residence there. In February 1659 he repaired to Breda, to Charles II. who knighted him, and appointed him master of requests, and secretary of the Latin tongue. Upon

the Restoration, he expected to be appointed secretary of state, from a promise which had been made him of that office; but to his great mortification it was, at the instance of the duke of Albemarle, given to Sir William Morrice, a violent Presbyterian. He was elected one of the representatives of the university of Cambridge in the parliament which met the 8th of May, 1661, and was soon after sworn a privy-counsellor for Ireland. He was next sent envoy extraordinary to Portugal; and shortly after, he was appointed ambassador to that court, where he negotiated the marriage between his master Charles II. and the infanta donna Catharina, daughter of king John VI., and returned to England towards the end of the same year. He was again sent ambassador to Lisbon in 1662, and was, upon his return to England the following year, sworn of the privy-council. His integrity, abilities, and industry, became so well known in Portugal, that he was recommended and desired by that crown to be sent to Spain as the fittest person to bring about an accommodation between Spain and Portugal. Accordingly, in the beginning of 1664 he was sent ambassador to Philip IV. During his residence at Madrid, he was solicited by the Spanish court to make a journey to Lisbon, but he returned without effect. When the recovery of Philip IV. became hopeless, a project for a treaty with England was sent to the ambassador, containing more advantages of trade to the nation, and insisting upon fewer inconvenient conditions than had ever been in any of the former, and urging the immediate acceptation or rejection of it, on account of the king's illness. This treaty Sir Richard thought proper to sign, with a secret article respecting Portugal, and sent it to England. But it was no sooner laid before Charles, and perused in council, than many faults were found with it, its ratification was refused, and the ambassador was recalled. Sir Richard was preparing for his return to England, when, June 4, 1666, he was seized at Madrid with a violent fever, which carried him off on the 16th of the same month. He was remarkable for his meekness, sincerity, humanity, and piety; and also was an able statesman and a great scholar, being in particular a complete master of several modern languages, especially Spanish. He wrote, besides his translation of the Lusiad, an English translation in rhyme of Guarini's Il Pastor Fido, which was published in 1646, 4to;

a few songs, and other poetical pieces, which have been printed with those of his friend the abbé de Chaulieu, and separately, with his Mémoires, 2 vols, 12mo. They are full of wit and delicacy; but we are told he had attained the age of sixty before he had made any poetical effort, and that then his inspirer was rather Cupid, or Bacchus, than Apollo. He also wrote the words of an opera, called Penthée. His Mémoires sur les principaux Evénements du Règne de Louis XIV. are written with great freedom and openness, and show the dislike which their author, and all his party, had to the government. He died in 1712.

FAREL, (William,) one of the earliest and most intrepid of the ministers of the Reformed church, was born at Gap, in Dauphiné, in 1489. He pursued his academic studies at the university of Paris, where he recommended himself to the notice of James le Fevre, of Etaples, who was one of its greatest ornaments, by whose interest he obtained the appointment of tutor in the college of cardinal le Moine. In 1521 he was invited by William Briçonet, bishop of Meaux, who was inclined to the principles of the Reformation, to preach in that city, where he boldly propagated the new opinions. In 1523, however, a persecution was commenced at Meaux, by the Franciscans, against those whom they called heretics, which obliged Farel to provide for his safety by retiring to Strasburg, where he was received by Bucer and Capito, as he was afterwards by Zuinglius at Zurich, by Haller at Berne, and by Ecolampadius at Basle, where, in 1524, he publicly defended theses in opposition to the doctrines and usages of the Papists; but he was soon afterwards obliged to quit that city. He next undertook the Reformation of Montbeliard, under the protection of the duke of Wirtemberg, the lord of that place. He pursued the design with great success, but with an intemperate warmth, and an imprudence of conduct, that could not be defended. Once, upon a procession-day, he wrested from the hands of a priest the image of St. Anthony, and threw it from the bridge into the river. Erasmus by no means liked Farel's temper, as appears from what he wrote of him to the official of Besançon. "You have," says he, "in your neighbourhood the new evangelist, Farel; than whom I never saw a man more false, more virulent, or more seditious." He has also given elsewhere a

very unfavourable character of Farel, who was a man of decision and intrepidity, little likely to find favour with the timid, irresolute, and time-serving Erasmus. Œcolampadius, however, succeeded in moderating Farel's impetuosity, by friendly remonstrances, which reflect great credit on that eminent reformer. "Men may be led," said he in his correspondence with him, "but will not be driven by force. Give me leave as a friend, and as a brother to a brother, to say, you do not seem in every respect to remember your duty. You were sent to preach, and not to rail. I excuse, nay I commend your zeal, so that it be not without meekness. Endeavour, my brother, that this advice may have its desired effect, and I have reason to rejoice that I gave it. Pour on wine and oil in due season, and demean yourself as an evangelist, and not as a tyrannical legislator."

In 1528 Farel proved successful in propagating the principles of the Reformation at Aigle, and in the bailiwic of Morat In the following year he went to Neufchatel, where he combated the Roman Catholic party with such earnestness and efficacy, that in November 1530, the Reformed religion was established in that city. Some time after this he was sent deputy to the synod of the Vaudois, in the Valley of Angrogne. Thence he went to Geneva, where he openly disputed against the tenets of popery; but he was obliged to retire from that city in consequence of the violent opposition that was excited against him by the grand-vicar, and the other ecclesiastics. But when, in 1534, the inhabitants expressed a disposition to renounce the Romish religion, he was recalled, and proved the principal instrument of effecting its suppression. In 1538 he was banished from Geneva, together with Calvin, for refusing to submit to some ecclesiastical regulations decreed by the synod of Berne. He now retired to Basle, and afterwards to Neufchatel, where he exercised his ministerial functions till 1542. In the same year he went to Metz, where he gained numerous proselytes, but was obliged, by the popish party, to take refuge in the abbey of Gorze, where the count of Furstenberg took him and his companions under his protection. Their enemies, however, besieged them in their asylum, and obliged them to surrender upon a capitulation. Farel, however, contrived to escape, and returned to his former flock at Neufchatel, to whose service, excepting while he paid short visits to other churches, he devoted

his future labours. In 1553 he was forced to appear at Geneva, in consequence of a prosecution that had been commenced against him for a capital offence, of which he had been unjustly accused. It was while Farel was at Geneva on this business, that he brought indelible disgrace on his own character, by assisting at the execution of Servetus. In 1558 he took to himself a wife, by whom he had a son, who did not long survive him. In 1564 he went again to Geneva, to take his last leave of Calvin, who was dangerously ill; and in the following year took a journey to Metz, at the invitation of his old flock. A few months after his return from this journey, he died at Neufchatel, in 1565, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. His stock of learning and knowledge was very respectable, his piety was ardent, and his moral conduct was unimpeachable. He possessed a commanding voice, and a wonderful fluency of language, which peculiarly qualified him for the offices of a public disputant and popular pulpit orator. Nothing, indeed, could resist the zeal of Farel: though surrounded by drawn swords, though interrupted by the ringing of bells, and by the clamours of his enemies, he yet preached boldly and successfully, and made as many converts as any of the reformers. The writings which he left behind him were very few, consisting of some Theses, published at Basle, in the Latin and German languages; Disputatio Bernæ Habita, 1528; Substance and brief Declaration necessary for all Christians, 1552; a Treatise of the Blessed Sacrament of the Lord, and of his Testament, 1553; and a book levelled against libertines, entitled the Sword of the Spirit, 1550.

FARET, (Nicholas,) a French wit and poet, born in 1600, at Bourg en Bresse. He went when very young to Paris, and was made secretary to the count d'Harcourt, and then steward of his house. He was one of the first members of the French Academy, and was employed to frame its statutes. He was at last appointed secretary to the king, and died at Paris in 1646. He wrote a translation of Eutropius; L'Honnête Homme, taken from the Italian of Castiglione, 12mo; Vertus nécessaires à un Prince; and several poems in the collections of his time. He also left a Life of René II. duke of Lorraine, and Mémoires of the famous count d'Harcourt, of whom, as well as of Vaugelas and St. Amand, he was an intimate friend.

FAREY, (John,) an eminent surveyor

and geologist, was born at Woburn, in Bedfordshire, in 1766. After receiving a liberal education at a school at Halifax, in Yorkshire, he became acquainted with Smeaton, the celebrated engineer. In 1792 the duke of Bedford appointed him to the agency of his estates in Bedfordshire, in consequence of which he took up his residence at Woburn, where he remained till the death of his patron in 1802. In 1809 and 1810 he made a survey of the county of Derby for the Board of Agriculture, which was published in 1811-13, 2 vols, 8vo. He carefully examined the relative position of the strata throughout Britain, and collected mineral specimens to illustrate this point, concerning which he wrote some papers, which appeared in Nicholson's Philosophical Journal. He died of apoplexy in 1826.

FARIA DE SOUSA, (Emanuel,) a Portuguese escudero, distinguished by his writings, chiefly in the Castilian language, which he preferred to his own, was born at Souto, near Caravella, in the province of Entre-Minho y Douro, in 1590. He spent his earlier years almost entirely in drawing and painting, and showed very little inclination for letters, till he at length observed that he should never be able to make much progress in the Portuguese or Spanish poetry, to which he was attached, unless he could avail himself of the Greek and Roman models, and read them in the original languages. He repaired therefore in 1604 to Gonzalez de Moraes, bishop of Oporto, who appointed him his secretary, but could not prevail upon him to devote himself to the Church. Here he consecrated the first essays of his muse to his mistress, Albania. This lady was probably the same Donna Catalina Machado whom Faria married in 1614, whose stoical calmness in a tremendous storm at sea he celebrated in his Fuente de Aganippe, (Od. ii. part 3.) In 1619 he entered into the service of P. A. Pereira, the king's secretary of state at Madrid, through whose means he was soon after raised to the dignity of the order of Christ, in Portugal. In 1631 he went to Rome, as secretary to the ambassador, the marquis del Castel Rodrigo, who however gave so unfavourable an account of him to the court of Spain, that on his return to Barcelona in 1634, he was arrested and kept in close confinement for four months. Though he afterwards made his innocence appear in so clear a light that the king himself acknowledged it, and on that

account allowed him sixty ducats a month for his support, he was still obliged to remain at Madrid, where he was narrowly watched. He died in 1649. His historical works, which are written in Spanish, are valuable for their subject matter. Out of his select 600, or, as he terms them, six centuries, of sonnets, 200 are in Portuguese, and twelve of his eclogues are also in that language. His works are:-1st. Noches claras, o Discursos morales y politicos. 2. Comentarios sobre la Lusíada, on which he laboured twenty-five years. It was prohibited first by the Inquisition of Spain, and more strictly afterwards by that of Portugal. This occasioned the following work:-3. Defensa por los Comentarios sobre la Lusíada. 4. Epítome de las Historias Portuguesas; or a History of Portugal. 5. Imperio de la China, y Cultura Evangélica por los Religiosos de la Compania de Jesus, written by Samedo, but published by Faria. The following are his posthumous works:-El Asia Portuguesa desde 1497 hasta 1640; La Europa Portuguesa hasta 1557; El África Portuguesa, translated by John Stevens, 3 vols, 8vo, London, 1796; El America Portuguesa, inedited; Fuente de Aganippe, o Rimas varias; Divinas y humanas Flores; Gran Justicia de Aragon.

FARINACCIO, (Prosper,) an eminent lawyer, born at Rome in 1554. His works have been printed at Antwerp, 1620; and the following make 13 vols, fol.: Decisiones Rotæ, 2 vols.; Decisiones Rotæ novissimæ, 1 vol.; Decisiones Rotæ recentissimæ, 1 vol.; Repertorium Judiciale, 1 vol.; De Hæresi, 1 vol.; Consilia, 2 vols.; Praxis Criminalis, 4 vols.; Succus Praxis Criminalis, 1 vol. All these were considered as valuable works by the Roman lawyers. He died in 1618.

FARINATO, (Paolo degli Uberti,) a painter, born at Verona in 1522. He at first studied under Antonio Badile, and afterwards became the pupil of Golfino. He possessed a fertile invention, and an exquisite taste of design, but failed as a colourist. In the church of St. George at Verona, is his picture representing the miraculous feeding of the multitude, painted by him when he was in his 79th year. He died in 1606.-His son ORAZIO FARINATO imitated his style with great success, and had he lived longer would have proved a distinguished artist.

FARINELLI. See BROSCHI. FARINGDON, (Anthony,) an English divine, born at Sunning, in Berkshire, He was admitted scholar of

in 1596.

Trinity college, Oxford, in 1612, and elected fellow in 1617. In 1620 he took orders, and became a celebrated preacher in those parts, an eminent tutor in the college, and, as Wood says, “an example fit to be followed by all." In 1634, being then bachelor of divinity, he was made vicar of Bray, near Maidenhead, and soon after divinity-reader in Windsor chapel. He continued at the first of these places, though not without some trouble, till after the civil commotions broke out; and then he was ejected, and reduced with his wife and family to such extremities, as to be very near starving. Lloyd says that his house was plundered by Ireton, in mean revenge, because Mr. Faringdon had reproved him for some irregularities when at Trinity college. At length Sir John Robinson, alderman of London, related to archbishop Laud, and some of the parishioners of Milkstreet, London, invited him to be pastor of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk-street. In 1647 he published a folio volume of sermons, and dedicated them to his patron Robinson. He died in 1658. In 1663 a folio volume of his MS. sermons was published by his executors; and in 1673 another. The former contained forty, the latter fifty, discourses.

FARINGTON, (George,) an English painter, born at Warrington, in Lancashire, in 1754. He studied under Benjamin West, and was employed by Alderman Boydell to make drawings from the pictures in the Houghton Collection. He subsequently went to India, where he died in 1788.-His brother, JOSEPH FARINGTON, who was a pupil of Wilson the landscape painter, and an artist of some ability, was elected a Royal Academician. He died in 1818.

FARMER, (Richard,) a distinguished scholar and critic, born at Leicester, in 1735. He received his earlier education at the grammar-school of his native town, whence he removed to Cambridge, and was entered a pensioner of Emmanuel college. He took the degrees of B.A. in 1757, and of M.A. in 1760, in which latter year he was appointed classical tutor of his college. At the same time he held the curacy of Swavesey, near Cambridge. In 1763 he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. In 1765 he served the office of junior proctor of the university. In May of the following year he published, from the university press, proposals for a history of the town of Leicester, but, when he had actually begun to print it, he took the advantage