and the residencia. Then follow seven additional chapters dealing in detail with the various phases of the viceregal administration. In these are treated the viceroy's administrative activities both local and general, his fiscal and financial powers, his relationship to the Audiencia including legislative and judicial powers, his duties as vice-patron in connection with religious and educational activities, and his relationship to the various groups of people of the colony. These latter chapters are composed mainly of many facts and incidents taken more or less at random through the three hundred years of Spanish rule in America and hardly suffice to give the best idea of the growth and development of the viceregal institution.

Study was made principally of materials relating to New Spain, with some reference to Peru and very minor mention of New Granada and La Plata. This fact is manifest from the vast preponderance of citations referring to the viceroyalty of New Spain as well as from the bibliographical lists which are appended. Of the manuscripts cited all relate to New Spain; of the twenty-nine titles of printed documents and laws seventeen relate to New Spain, eight to Peru, and none to either New Granada or La Plata; and of the remaining 135 titles of bibliography fifty-eight relate to New Spain, three to Peru, one to New Granada, and none to La Plata. The other items of bibliography are of a general Of the vast number of documents concerning the viceregal administration existing in the various Spanish archives, only a small number have been utilized in the study. There are appendixes giving lists of the viceroys of the four Spanish viceroyalties, and a good index.

Notwithstanding that the title should be "Viceregal Administration in New Spain", this volume nevertheless presents the best treatment so far published of the viceregal administration of the Spanish colonial period.

COMMUNICATION

George Washington University, WASHINGTON, D. C., Jan. 25, 1927.

THE EDITOR

American Historical Review

Dear Sir: On page 328, lines 7-9, of my recently published Pinckney's Treaty, a Study of America's Advantage from Europe's Distress, 17831800, occurs the following: "He [Dr. A. P. Whitaker] informed me that he found no evidence that the text of the treaty reached the Spanish Government before Godoy signed with Pinckney." Dr. Whitaker recently has written to me that this is a misrepresentation of the statements he made to me on the subject, that all he stated was that in August, 1795, when it decided to surrender the two principal points at issue with the United States, the Spanish ministry had not learned of the contents of Jay's Treaty. This misrepresentation was unintentional on my part, arising out of a misinterpretation of a letter which he wrote me. I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to rectify it.

Incidentally may I call attention to a serious misprint on p. 380, next to the last line? The figure there given for loans should be $248,098.

Respectfully yours,

SAMUEL FLAGG BEMIS.

TO THE EDITORS OF THE American Historical Review:

I wish to state that for whatever errors of omission or commission are in the first volume of the Winthrop Papers, printed by the Massachusetts Historical Society, and reviewed in your last number, page 328, I alone am responsible. Neither Professor Moore nor Mr. Winthrop can be held directly or indirectly to account for them.

Very truly yours,

BOSTON, February 16, 1927.

1See p. 616, supra.

WORTHINGTON C. FORD.

HISTORICAL NEWS

At the present time the following back-numbers of the American Historical Review can not be supplied by our publishers: vol. XVI., nos. 1 and 3 (October, 1910, April, 1911); vol. XXIII., no. 4 (July, 1918); vol. XXIV., no. 1 (October, 1918); vol. XXVI., no. 1 (October, 1920); vol. XXXI,, nos. I and 2 (October, 1925, January, 1926); vol. XXXII., no. I (October, 1926). If any of these numbers are in the hands of readers who do not care to retain them for their files, the Managing Editor would appreciate it very much if they would send them to 1140 Woodward Building, Washington, D. C. The Review will bear any expense that may be incurred for express or postage.

AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION

The Annual Report for 1921 has been distributed; see above, p. 656.

The annual meeting of the American Council of Learned Societies was held in New York on January 29, the American Historical Association being represented by its two delegates, Professor C. H. Haskins and J. F. Jameson. It was preceded by a conference of the secretaries of the constituent societies on the day before. Reports were made to the Council by its various committees, and will be printed in the next number of the Council's Bulletin (no. 6). The survey of the status and organization of research in humanistic studies in the United States, conducted by Professor Ogg, was reported as nearing completion. The gratifying announcement was made that the General Education Board had voted a grant of funds not exceeding $25,000 per annum, for five years, to provide the Council with means for carrying on its various work and that of its committees. This makes possible the engagement of a full-time executive secretary. Mr. Waldo G. Leland was chosen to that office, and begins work in that capacity next summer. Three more societies, additional to the twelve that now constitute the Council, were admitted at this meeting, the Mediaeval Academy of America, the History of Science Society, and the Linguistic Society of America.

PERSONAL

James Ford Rhodes, president of the American Historical Association in 1899, died on January 22, aged seventy-eight. Occupied with manufacturing business during his early life, he turned from this, when nearly forty, to the writing of history, having resolved to write an extensive work on the history of the United States in the extraordinary period of Civil War and Reconstruction. Without great technical training in the historian's art, he brought to its exercise abundant experience of practical life, and a solid determination to be thorough, to be open-minded, and to

be just. No one was ever more candid in intention, more desirous to tell the truth. He had moreover many contacts with men prominent in public life, of the period he treated, and was framed by nature to draw profit from their converse. "No one", wrote John Hay, apparently in a letter to Mr. Rhodes, "can be a great historian who is not a good fellow "; Rhodes was eminently sociable, genial without loss of dignity, generous, and of transparent integrity. The fruits of his thorough research in the most varied materials, and of his insight into public affairs, were laid before the world in the years from 1892 to 1906, in the seven volumes of his History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the Final Restoration of Home Rule at the South in 1877. That work has long since won its place as the standard history of a great period in the development of the United States and of a struggle having momentous consequences for the whole world. Limited in the main to political and military history, and marked by no great charm of literary style, beyond the attractive power of a manly simplicity, it won its classical position by the solid merits of careful research and of fairness in a field where fairness had long been difficult. Two later volumes, a History of the United States from Hayes to McKinley (1919) and The McKinley and Roosevelt Administrations (1922), though less careful and thorough in construction, contain much excellent material, and reveal more fully the writer's nearness to public life and the friendly and unpretending personality of the man.

Hon. Simeon E. Baldwin, president of the American Historical Association for the year 1906, died on January 30, within a few days of the age of eighty-seven. For fifty years, 1869 to 1919, he had taught in the Yale Law School; he had been an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut from 1893 to 1907, chief justice from 1907 to 1911, and governor of the state from 1911 to 1915. He had been president of the American Bar Association and had done important legislative work in the improvement of legal procedure in Connecticut. Governor Baldwin, besides being a high legal authority and an excellent historical scholar, was a man of wide reading and penetrating intelligence. He was a man of the highest type of Puritan character, as befitted one whose ancestors had long had an important part in the life of his commonwealth; in spite of much austerity of manner his life was marked, not only by constant public spirit, but by many private acts of benevolence and kind

ness.

Miss Lucy M. Salmon, professor of history in Vassar College since 1889 (associate professor 1887-1889), died on February 14 at the age of seventy-three. For four years (1915-1919) she was a member of the Executive Council of the American Historical Association, and in 1904 she was president of the Association of History Teachers of the Middle States and Maryland. Her principal historical publications were two valued volumes on The Newspaper and the Historian, The Newspaper and Authority (1923). She was a devoted and thoughtful teacher, a loyal

and considerate friend, and a source of high influence and good counsel to two generations of young women. In the last year of her life she had the gratification of seeing a fund of nearly $40,000 instituted in her honor by former pupils and other friends, the Lucy Maynard Salmon Research Fund, designed to aid researches by members of the Vassar faculty.

William Beer, who for thirty-five years had been librarian of the Howard Memorial Library at New Orleans, and as such had been the active friend of every scholar occupied in the pursuit of any part of Louisiana history, died on February 1, at the age of seventy-seven. Born in England, he had studied and practised medicine at Newcastle-on-Tyne, had worked in Colorado as a mining engineer, and had been librarian of the Topeka Public Library before taking charge, in 1891, of the Howard Memorial Library. He built up that institution into an extraordinary collection of material for the history of Louisiana, old and modern, and of the whole Louisiana territory. He was a man of most varied intellectual interests. His learning and assiduity as a bibliographer were matched by his unwearied zeal in helping scholars and by the warmth and range of his friendships.

Samuel B. Harding, professor of history in the University of Minnesota, died on January 29, at the age of fifty. For twenty-three years he had taught history in Indiana University. During the World War he did important and valuable editorial work for the Committee on Public Information. He had been a professor in the University of Minnesota since 1921. He was the author of several useful and esteemed historical text-books, and was a man of accurate scholarship, sound judgment, unusual teaching ability, and solid and friendly character.

Late in October occurred the death of Professor Harry Bresslau, professor at Berlin of the sciences auxiliary to history from 1877 to 1890, and at Strassburg from 1890 to the end of the war. He had a large share in the work of the Monumenta, and edited the Jahrbücher des Deutschen Reichs for Henry II. (1874-1875) and for Conrad II. (18791884), but was best known for his Handbuch der Urkundenlehre (1889, 1912-1915) and as a master of diplomatic, in which field he published many articles and documents.

Professor Herbert D. Foster of Dartmouth University will be in Europe on leave of absence from the coming June till September, 1928.

Professor Charles Diehl, of the University of Paris, is visiting lecturer in the department of arts at Harvard University during the second semester of the present academic year, and will be lecturing in America during the summer at various places on medieval Byzantine society and similar subjects.

Fellowships of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fund have been awarded for 1927-1928 to the following scholars, who, it may be presumed, will be conducting historical researches in Europe next year: Professors E. M. Carroll, F. C. Dietz, F. L. Owsley, R. J. Purcell, J. F. Rippy, B. E. Schmitt, G. M. Stephenson, and Judith B. Williams.

IL