mostly obovate, toothed, grey or hoary, more or less wrinkled; very veiny beneath; stipuled branches downy. Plants trees or shrubs. The group includes the kinds of willow that are usually called the sallows. (Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., adapted.) The sallows are known by their obovate, or rounded, downy leaves, and thick, early, silken catkins, with prominent, yellow, distinct stamens, 2 to a flower. (Smith Eng. Fl., iv. p. 216.) Not a few of the group Nigricántes Borrer also have been regarded as sallows. Mr. Borrer, however, states that he is unacquainted with many of the species, or supposed species, of this group, and of the group Nigricantes ; and it is highly probable that many of them are placed wrongly. (Borrer in a letter.) 83. S. PA'LLIDA Forbes. Identification. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 96. The pale Willow. The Sexes. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves lanceolate, obovate, acute, serrated; villous and Introduced in 1823, and flowering in April and May. Stem erect. A slendergrowing shrub, with short, palish green, round, villous branches; those of the preceding year brownish green, glabrous, and delicately warty. The leaves about 2 in. long, obovate-lanceolate, or often somewhat spathulate; dull green, veiny, and villous on their upper surface; glaucous, downy, or rather covered with a whitish cottony substance, beneath, and reticulated; the midrib and arched veins prominent. Footstalks shortish. Ovary almost sessile. There are plants at Woburn, and in the Goldworth and Hackney arboretums. 84. S. WILLDENOVIA`NA Forbes. Willdenow's Willow. Identification. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 41. The Sezes. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves elliptic lanceolate, toothed, or bluntly serrated at the base and tip; the old leaves glabrous and glaucous beneath; young ones densely downy. Stipules large, half-heart-shaped, toothed, glabrous. Branches glabrous, villous when young. Ovary stalked, very silky, ovate. Style glabrous. Stigmas notched. (Sal. Wob., p. 81.) Native country uncertain. A lowgrowing shrub, with brownish branches, which are green and villous when young. The catkins appear in April, and again in August. "A very distinct and handsome species. The leaves bear a similarity to those of the Myrica caroliniana, but are much larger on the young shoots. The S. myricoides Mühlenberg (Smith in Rees's Cyclo.) is a very different plant." (Forbes.) 85. S. PONTEDERA'NA Willd. Pontedera's Willow. Identification. Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 661.; Smith in Rees's Cyclo., No. 18.; Koch Comm., p. 24. ; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 43. Synonymes. S. pumila alpina nigricans, folio oleagino serrato, Ponted. Comp., 148, 149.; S. Pontedère Bellardi App. ad Fl. Ped., 45.; Vill. Delf., 3. p. 766. The Sexes. The male is noticed in Koch's specific character; the female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob.. No. 43.; our fig. 1331.; and fig. 43, in p. 1613. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves elliptical, serrated, acute, glabrous; glaucous beneath, and obtuse at their base; the midrib, footstalks, and young leaves hairy. Ovary oblong and downy. (Sal. Wob., p. 85.) A native of Switzerland. Introduced in 1821, and flowering before the expansion of the leaves, in April. It is described by Willdenow as a shrub, 2 ft. or 3 ft. high; but, in the Woburn salictum, Mr. Forbes has found it attain the height of 12 ft. or 13 ft. in four years. In the Horticultural Society's Garden, crowded among other species of Salix, it was 16 ft. high in 1834, after being 10 years planted. This species forms an upright bushy shrub or tree, with elliptical leaves; the lower ones entire; the upper finely serrated, green, and a little villous; shining above; glaucous, pubescent, reticulated, and whitish beneath. There are plants at Woburn, Flitwick, Henfield, Goldworth, and Hackney. † 86. S. MACROSTIPULACEA Forbes. The large-stipuled Sallow. Identification. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 130. The Scres. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, somewhat obovate, pointed, serrated, entire towards the base; upper side dull green and glabrous, glaucous beneath. Stipules very large, toothed, often cloven. Ovary stalked, ovate-subulate, glabrous. Stigmas parted. (Sal. Wob., p. 259.) A native of Switzerland. Introduced in? 1824, and flowering in April and May. A rapid-growing tree, with dark green, round, downy branches, marked with small yellow or reddish spots; the lower branches pendulous. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 3 in. or 4 in. long, and 1 in. or more in breadth; base obtuse, entire, dilated above the middle; margins rather distinctly serrated; the upper side green and glabrous; under side glaucous, with a downy midrib and veins. Footstalks reddish and downy, stout, measuring full in. long. Stipules large. Young leaves purplish, soft to the touch, and pubescent. Adult ones rather coriaceous, copiously marked beneath with dark blotches. Catkins of the female from 1 in. to 2 in. long. There are plants at Woburn, Henfield, and Flitwick, and also at Hackney. 87. S. INCANE'SCENS? Schl. The whitish-leaved Sallow. Identification. ? Schl, as quoted in Sweet Hort. Brit., ed. 1830, p. 469.; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 120. The Seres. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Engravings. Sal. Wob., No. 120.; and fig. 120. in p. 1625. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves elliptic, obovate, serrated or denticulated; greyish green and downy above; very downy, whitish, and reticulated beneath. Stipules rounded, serrated. Ovary ovate-lanceolate, downy. Style short. Stigmas ovate, entire. (Sal. Wob., p. 239.) A native of Switzerland. Introduced in 1823. Flowering in March, at which time the catkins are nearly sessile; and again in August. A bushy shrub or tree; the branches round, pubescent, and of a muddy green colour, marked with a few yellow spots, having the appearance of being besmeared with clay. Leaves obovate, about 2 in. long, and a little more than I in. wide; margins a little revolute; deeply denticulated; denticles a little glandular; the upper side densely pubescent, wrinkled; the midrib ferruginous; beneath, pubescent, reticulated, of a whitish colour, with prominent arched veins; midrib pale beneath, and prominent. Footstalks shortish and stout, dilated at the base, and downy. Catkins from 1 in. to 1 in. long, appearing before the expansion of the leaves, in March; and again in August. "Ill adapted to any useful purpose." (Forbes.) 88. S. PANNO'SA Forbes. The cloth-leaved Sallow. Identification. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 123. The Sexes. The female is described and figured in Sal. Wob. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves elliptic-obovate, serrated; green and downy above, greyish and densely pubescent beneath. Stipules large, serrated, glaucous. Ovary ovate-lanceolate, silky, on a short footstalk. Style glabrous. Stigmas undivided. (Sal. Wob., p. 245.) A native of Switzerland. Introduced in 1824, and flowering, in the Woburn salictum, in April and May. A small tree, growing to the height of 12 ft. or 14 ft., with oblique spreading branches, which are of a darkish fuscous colour, and closely covered with a short pubescence; the young twigs are of a greyish brown, and densely downy. Leaves from 1 in. to 2 in. long, about 1 in. in breadth; elliptic-obovate; dull green and downy on their upper surface; greyish, densely pubescent, and denticulated with prominent arched veins beneath; the small ones nearly covered with pubescence; the margins serrated, entire towards the base; tip oblique. Many of the leaves are opposite or nearly so, and alternate, on the same branch. Footstalks stout. Catkins about 1 in. long. There are plants at Woburn, Flitwick, Henfield, and Hackney. ? Variety. Mr. Forbes received a kind of Salix, under the name of S. móllis, which, as compared with S. pannòsa, had its leaf, catkin, ovary, and bractea larger; and the catkins often recurved, and devoid of floral leaves. Mr. Forbes expresses himself doubtful whether it is sufficiently distinct from S. pannòsa to constitute a distinct species. 89. S. MUTA BILIS Forbes. The changeable Willow, or Sallow. Identification. Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 160. The Sexes. The female is described in Sal. Wob. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves elliptic, remotely serrated; dull green and pubescent above; pale glaucous and hairy beneath. Stipules rounded, serrated, and minute. Ovary stalked, ovate-lanceolate, silky. Style somewhat elongated and stout. Stigmas cloven. It bears an affinity to S. pannòsa in catkins and mode of growth. (Sal. Wob., p. 288.) A native of Switzerland. Introduced in? 1824, and flowering in March and April. Branches densely downy, copiously beset with somewhat elliptical leaves, which are of a dull green colour above, pale and hairy beneath, with prominent veins, the subdivisions of which form a rectangular network; their substance is rather of a thin crackling texture; the young leaves are very hairy in their earliest state. There are plants at Woburn and in the Hackney arboretum. 90. S. CINEREA L. The grey Sallow, or ash-coloured Willow. Identification. Lin. Sp. Pl., 1449.; Willd. Sp. Pl., 4. p. 690., exclusively of the syn. of Villars; Smith in Rees's Cyclo., No. 94., where Smith has remarked that Willdenow's description disagrees, in some points, with his plant; Smith Eng. Bot., t. 1897.; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 215.; Forbes in Sal Wob., No. 125.; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3.; Mackay Fl. Hibern., pt. 1. p. 250. Synonymes. S. cinerea var. Koch Comm., p. 36. The following information is derived from Mr. Borrer. Smith has erroneously cited, in his Fl. Br., p. 1063., the S. daphnöides Villars as a synonyme of S. cinèrea Smith; and this has led Koch (Comm., p. 23.) to cite S. cinèrea Smith as a synonyme of S. daphnöldes Villars. The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Wob. The male is figured in Eng. Bot. Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 1897.; Sal. Wob., No. 125.; our fig. 1332.; and fig. 125. in p. 1626. Spec. Char., &c. Stem erect. Lower leaves entire; upper serrated, obovatelanceolate; glaucous, downy, and reticulated with veins beneath. Stipules half-heart-shaped, serrated. Ovary silky; its stalk half as long as the lanceolate bracteas. (Smith Eng. Fl.) A native of England, on the banks of rivers and in moist woods; and flowering, in the willow garden at Woburn Abbey, in April, and again in September. The following description is taken from the more detailed one of Smith in his English Flora: "A tree, 20 ft. or 30 ft. high, if left to its natural growth; but in hedges or thickets it is more dwarf and bushy. It is readily to be distinguished from other common willows, by its rusty glittering hue, which lies more, perhaps, in the fine veins of its leaves, than in the pubescence sprinkled over them, which consists of minute, prominent, shining hairs, totally unlike the depressed silkiness of the species of the groups Glaucæ, Fúscæ, and Rosmarinifòliæ. The rusty colour, indeed, increases after the specimens have been long dried, but is visible in some degree in the growing plant, especially towards the autumn. The branches are glabrous, reddish brown, and crooked; and the young ones are slender, spreading, and, in an early state, downy. On the leafy branches of the year the lower leaves are nearly or quite entire, 1 in. or 1 in. long, obovate, with a short oblique point, on shortish slender footstalks, without stipules; the upper ones twice as large, variously 1332 |