So cause thou to ascend (for y), Exod. xxxiii. 12; feign thyself (to be) sick (for b), 2 Sam. xiii. 5.

11. It frequently happens in verbs ending with a radical (for) and receiving some asyllabic augment, that not only is the accent drawn back, as in the cases above mentioned (No. 8.), but the original radical letter also appears: as, it (fem.) hath trusted (for according to the general paradigma, from the root for P), Ps. lvii. 2. So they are tranquil (for , whence regularly), Ps. cxxii. 6,

.Ps. lxviii ,(אָתֵי or אָתָה root, יֶאֱתָוּ let them

come (for יֶאֱתָיוּ ;.c&

32; bring ye (for , Art. 73.), Jer. xii. 9.

12. In a few instances this drawing back of the accent also takes place in nouns and particles: as, numerous art thou (in)

great art thou among the רַבָּתִי בַגּוֹיִם So .(רַבָּתִי people (for

nations; nie a princess art thou among the provinces, Lam. i. 1. In like manner we have, ne, or why? (for,, or ), where, according to Schroederus,"subest adfectus exprobrantis, vel conquerentis, vel alius similis." To these he adds, "I (for "), Ezek. xvii. 22.†

120. Again, the accent will be withdrawn from the ultimate to the penultimate syllable, in order to avoid the concurrence of two Tonic accents, which would happen when the following word is a monosyllable with an accent, or a dissyllable with an accent on the penultima. But here, the penultimate vowel of the former of such two words, will remain perfect: as, he opened the rock (for pp), Ps. cv. 41;

Cant. iv. 6;
Joel i. 2;

T:ST

I will betake me,

has this come to pass? (for in she (is) my sister, Gen. xx. 2; and he will give thee, Deut. xix. 8; The will exult exceedingly, Ps. xxi. 2.

2. Verbs, receiving any asyllabic augment, and on that account rejecting any of their primitive vowels, will, upon the removal of the accent by the above-mentioned rule, restore such rejected

* These Imperatives are probably nothing more than primitive abstract nouns, termed Segolates, enounced with some energy.

+ The principles which regulate this retraction of the accent, and the consequent apocope, will be considered in the Syntax.

vowel: as, ibn ye shall delude him (for), Job xiii.

ང.

ye תֶּאֱהָבוּן דִיק ; 9 .Josh. iii ,(בְּשׁוּ come hither (for בְּשׁוּ הֵנָּה ;9

will love vanity (for 1), Ps. iv. 3; 17 they trusted in him (for regularly, but according to the tables for these verbs).

3. Should, however, this drawing back of the accent with the consequent change of the ultimate vowel tend to destroy or obscure the original form and signification of the word, no such change will take place: as, in the hidden things of the heart (not

passing over the sea עֹבֵר יָם ;(with Kamets Khatuph תַּעֲלֶמָת

(not).

4. The accent will frequently fall on the penultimate instead of the ultimate syllable in words which conclude a sentence, or a member of a sentence. These accents are, for the most part, Sillúk, Athnákh; and, in the poetical books, Mercá with Mahpák (Art. 59.).

5. In many of these cases, the removal of the accent will occasion

(בוֹשָׁבָה for) נוֹשָׁבָה no change whatever in the vowels : as

inhabited, Jer. vi. 8;

(for) make bare, Ps. cxxxvii. 7;

(for) they are consumed, Ps. xxxvii. 20, &c.

6. But, in those persons of the verb which are formed by some asyllabic augment, or have the paragogic, and in which the second vowel of the root has been rejected, the accent, taking that syllable, will restore such vowel: as, 2 (for from the

root יָכְלוּ for) יָכְלוּ ; 2 .she hath approached, Zeph. iii (קָרֵב root

they were able, 2 Kings iii. 26; (for 1, root, i. e. form for the Pres., ye shall keep, Exod. xxxi. 13. So

(סַפֶר from) סַפְּרוּ ; 26 .I will walk, Gen. xxx (אֵלֵךְ from) אֵלֵכָה

recount ye, Joel i. 3; (for ?, from) go thou, fem., &c.

7. When the original final vowel is (-) it will generally become (+) when thus accompanying the accent: as, she departed (from the root ), Is. xlvi. 2. taken, 1 Sam. iv. 17; 7 (from 1) and I sleep, Ps. iii. 6; (from ) let us know, Is. v. 19; 7 (from PP) cry thou (fem.), Jer. xxii. 20; (from ), Is. xxix. 9.

TIT:

8. But, when a paragogic follows the asyllabic augments or

* The Dagesh found here in the has, perhaps, been introduced for the sake of euphony only, (Art. 112.)

', the accent usually retains its proper situation, while the second vowel of the root is restored as in the last article: as,

they will be (יִבָּהֵל from) יִבָּהֵלְוּן ; they will collect (יִלְקְט from)

confounded; (from ) they will expire, Ps. civ. 28, 29.*

121. Segolate nouns of the form ?; derived from roots having for the third radical letter a quiescent, will, upon taking the pause accent in the penultimate, restore the orginal vowel to the first radical: as, (for, from the primitive form) the

half, 1 Kings x. 7; (for, from

(for from?) rebellion, Ezek. ii. 8; ) beauty, Is. iii. 24.

122. Apocopated present tenses of verbs having in the place of the third radical letter, take (:) for the vowel of the personal preformative, when so circumstanced as to receive the accent

,(יִהְיֶה from וַיְהִי for) וַיְהִי,proper for the pause on that syllable: as

Psalm xxxiii. 9;

and she was, Lam. iii. 37. So he shall

live (for '), Is. xxxviii. 21.

123. When any word with the affixed pronoun 7 happens to be the last word of a sentence, &c., so that the accent proper for the pause will fall upon its penultimate vowel, two methods have been invented for the purpose of avoiding any disagreeable concurrence which may happen in the vowels.

1. Instead of (:) which is proper for affixing this pronoun, as will be seen hereafter, (-) is introduced as a vowel of union: as 7777 (for 7777) thy word, Gen. xlvii. 30; 2 (for thy inheritance, Ps. ii. 8; 1 (for) thy salvation, Ps. li. 14; TP (for TP) thy name, Ps. cxxxviii. 2, &c.

2. The vowel proper for this pronoun is occasionally transposed: as, (for) thy destruction, Deut. xxviii. 24; 7 (for TP) he hath adorned thee, Is. lv. 5; commanded thee, 1 Sam. xiii. 13.

3. The particles, D, 2, and ?, having

(for 3) he hath

affixed to them

and receiving a pause-accent, are always subject to this rule: thee, Deut. xxviii. 48; T with thee, Gen. viii. 17; e with thee, Gen. xxix. 25; in thee, Ps. ix. 3; to, for, or of, thee, Exod. xxxii. 34, &c., for T, S, TRY, TE, T?, &c.

4. The pronoun is subject to this rule even when not in

*The influence and use of this adjunct will be considered in the Syntax.

the situation for receiving a pause-accent: as, The answered thee, Jer. xxiii. 37; for T.

5. When a pause-accent falls on an ultimate or penultimate (-) Páthakh, or on a penultimate (*) Segol, in segolate forms, that vowel is, for the most part, changed into (+) Kāméts: as, T for The hath stood; for he hath sat, Ps. i. 1, &c.;

IT T

IT

.a sword, Josh חֶרֶב for חָרֶב ; 5 .night, Gen. i לַיְלָה for לָיְלָה .4 .standing, Eccl. i עֹמֶדֶת for עֹמָדֶת ; 24 .viii

6. There are however certain exceptions: as, * he laughed, Gen. xvii. 17; set on fire, Is. xxxiii. 12;

security, Prov. i. 33;

may be errors of the copyists.

prey, Ib. xlix. 27;

they shall be 27 thou hast spoken, Ib. xxxix. 8; a nurse, Ruth iv. 16. But these

7. The pause-accent will sometimes change a terminating (-) into (-): as, for he shall go, Job xxvii. 21; 2 return, restore, for 2, Is. xlii. 22; 12 (for 1) tarry not all night, Jud. xix. 20.

124. Makkáph following a terminating perfect and mutable vowel which precedes a consonant, will change the vowel into its corresponding imperfect one: as, ! (for 3) remember

the people, &c.

2. But if such final vowel be immutable, no change can take place: as, to, or for, another man, Jer. iii. 1;

is the sign of the covenant, Gen. ix. 12. The reason of this is; the addition of Makkáph deprives the word to which it is attached of its tonic accent, and this makes it necessary that the preceding vowel be imperfect, when that is possible (Art. 33.).

On the Use and Situation of the Euphonic Accent.

125. It has already been remarked, that the Euphonic accent, Métheg, may be considered as supplying a secondary accentuation (Art. 64. 5.), with reference to some tonic accent preceding it. Monosyllables, therefore, can never have an Euphonic accent, unless indeed they happen to precede Makkáph; but, in that case, they are considered as making an integral part of a compound word, and may receive the Euphonic accent according to rules presently to be laid down. Dissyllables may receive an Euphonic

. יִצְחָק In some editions *

accent; but these syllables must have a final (:) Shěvá intervening: as, he shall be, &c.

Rules for the Insertion of the Euphonic Accent.

126. The third syllable (not ending with a consonant) of any word, reckoning inclusively from the tonic accent, will have the Euphonic accent Métheg; as, the one, Gen. ii. 11; which proceedeth, Ib. v. 14; I shall possess it, Ib. xv. 8;

IT IT

T |

a

according to their לִלְשְׁרֹתָם ;32 .from our father, Ib. xix מֵאָבִינוּ

tongues, Ib. x. 20; J and from thy kindred, Ib. xii. 1.

127. But if this third syllable end in a consonant, the Euphonic accent will be with the fourth: as, and of their fat, Gen. iv. 4; and I remain, 1 Kings xix. 10 (where, being doubled by Dagésh, concludes the syllable; as, 17).

2. Perfect vowels preceding Shěvá, and having no tonic accent, will, if occupying the third place from any tonic accent, (reckoning the Shěvá), receive an euphonic one: as, it was, Gen. i. 2; thou (fem.) shalt bring forth, Ib. iii. 16; in generations, Ib. ii. 4; he shall bruise

Ib. x. 11;

thee, Ib. iii. 15.

TIT

:

Nineveh,

3. In many instances the Euphonic accent is omitted; nor is it necessary it should ever be added, if we except one case, viz. when the figure of (+) Kāméts precedes Shěvá, for then this vowel will be either a or o, just as the accent is added or not: as, wisdom (Art. 55.). In every other case,

she was wise; or,
no difficulty can arise, whether the accent is added or not.

דן : דן

4. In some cases, however, the Euphonic accent seems to mark the substitution of an imperfect for a perfect vowel: as,

(וְיִירְאוּ for וְיִרְאוּ ;31 .thy border, Exod. xxiii גְבוּלְךְ for) גְבָלְךְ

and they shall fear, Mic. vii. 17; where it is necessary for the completion of the syllable (Art. 33.). It is, nevertheless, frequently omitted, and must be supplied by the reader, particularly before an implied Dagésh (Art. 109), &c.

5. The letter with Shūrék prefixed to a word, and situated as above, with respect to the tonic accent, will sometimes be found with the Euphonic accent, and followed by one of the substitutes of Shěvá where (:) would be regular: as, and lead thou captive, Jud. v. 12; 2 and be thou sought, Ezek.

xxvi. 21.