nouns, the meaning of the compound will, as we have seen (Art. 145. 1.), be propriety, possession, or the like; because in no other way can nouns and personal pronouns be construed together; but, when the same pronouns are combined with verbs, which are already compounded with pronouns by the process of conjugation, then, if the verbs are transitive, these further affixed pronouns must be considered as complementary of the signification of such verbs, or what we usually term an objective case: but, if such verbs be intransitive, then must they be translated by introducing some preposition or other word explanatory of the connexion thus formed; as, he grew up for me, or with me, Job xxxi. 18; TT? I am holy (as to) thee, i. e. I am holier than thou, 77 shall dwell (with) thee, Ps. v. 5. occasion to speak more particularly on this subject when we come to the Syntax.

Is. lxv. 5. So

We shall have

207. The next question will be, How will the addition of these pronouns affect the vowels and consonants of the verbs? Generally, having the vowels of the affixed pronouns given, those which precede and are mutable will be regulated by the general laws prevailing in the nouns; that is to say, any mutable vowel, situated at some distance from the accent, will be rejected, while any perfect vowel, deprived of the accent and followed immediately by a consonant, will be changed for its correspondent imperfect one. But, as a table will make all plain, we shall now give one with the regular triliteral verb: those which are subject to any defect will receive the same affixes, due attention being paid to their particular characters.

2. Table of the Abbreviated Pronouns as attached to Verbs.

3. Affixes of the Present, when preceded by an Epenthetic Nún, more properly the Nún of confirmation and inference. See Art. 175. 17. &c., and the Syntax.

208. EXAMPLES OF THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR PRETERITE OF THE VERB, WITH ITS VARIOUS AFFIXED PRONOUNS.

;.us, com - פְּקַדְתָּנְוּ ;.thou visitedst me, com פְּקַדְתַּנִי

Second Person Feminine.

us, com.; you,

Third Person Plural Com.

פְּקָדְוּנוּ ;.they visited me, com פְּקָדוּנִי פְּקָדוּכֶס ;.thee, f פְּקָדוּךְ .thee, m

פְּקָדוּהָ ,ham

פְּקַדְוּם ; her פְּקָדוּן פְּקָדוּמוֹ them, m, or, poetice

them, f.

thee, m.,

-her; DIRE

him,

them, m., or, poeticè ip, them, f.: with the Epenthetic or Paragogic 1,

TP they visit; they find me, Prov. i. 28; they serve thee, f.; they take him,

and so on

Remarks.

209. It will be seen by the Table, that every possible combination of the verb with the pronoun thus affixed is not made: I visited myself, thou visitedst thyself, and the like, would rather fall under the province of one of the reciprocal species: as, ?, or en in Niphḥál or Hithpāḥél, and would not, therefore, be made in Kal by affixing the pronouns ; but, which of these species is to be adopted, custom alone can determine. We have, nevertheless, a very few examples in which this combination is made in

Kal: as, I made myself, or, for myself, Ezek. xxix. 3, in which the repetition of the pronoun seems to add some emphasis to the passage.

2. With respect to the vowels of the root, it will immediately be perceived, that they are subject to the same laws which prevail in the nouns, when receiving similar additions. In the asyllabic affixes, for example, as the last consonant of the root must be taken in order to enounce the syllable, the preceding vowel must either be perfect, or rejected. But neither of the vowels of the root in Kal is immutable; and, as the first is the farthest removed from the accent, it is rejected as in the nouns; and we have ??, just as we have (Art. 153. 2.). In like manner, when the affix is syllabic, we have the first vowel rejected, and the second made imperfect, as often as the accent is with the affix: as, 72, just as we have in the nouns. This necessarily holds good in the Present tense, the Imperative, Infinitive and Participles; as also in all the other species Niphhál, Piḥél, &c., as well as in the defective verbs, nouns, and participles, due respect being had to the etymology of the words.

3. In a few instances the affix of the first person has (†) instead of (-): as, he hath heard me, Ps. cxviii. 5; thou hast despised me, 2 Sam. xii. 10. But in the last case this seems to have been brought about by the influence of the accent (Art. 120. 7.).

4. For the feminine affix . we sometimes have ; as, he hath called thee (fem.), Is. liv. 6. So TN thy being created, Ezek. xxviii. 15, which are generally thought to be Chaldaïsms. In the last case, however, the pause-accent will be sufficient to account for the anomaly (Art. 123. 4.).

5. When, however, the accent is on any occasion drawn back, the vowel accompanying the affix will necessarily be imperfect; as, she hath loved thee (fem.); she hath stolen

them, &c. Art. 119. 3. cor.

6. It should also be observed, that whenever the root ends in either or by the process of conjugation, &c. the affixes are simply added; as, without any previous vowel or Shěvá; and, that when the affixes are found both in the syllabic, and asyllabic, forms, the syllabic must be taken in these cases: as, 77,

.they visited him פְּקָדוּוֹ not ,פְּקָדוּהוּ ; they visited her פְּקָדוּם not

The reason is obvious: one vowel following another will be unut