2. The characteristic of this species occurs also with ( ̈), ( ̈ ), or (-), but this happens only when a guttural letter follows: as, .he caused to stand, Lev הָעֲמִיד ; 26 .he believed, Gen. xlv הָאֱמִין We .Exod הַעֲבַרְתָּ hast caused to pass over, Josh. vii. 7. xiv. 11; thou hast professed, Deut. xxvi. 17; thou xiii. 12, and guttural in D 727 Zech. iii. 4, &c. And with (:) under the it is obstructed, Lev. xv. 3. 3. In one instance we have (·) with the middle radical letter: pbwn I have requested him, 1 Sam. i. 28. See the notes on Kal (Art. 188. 28.). as, 4. On the word shall I leave? Judg. ix. 9, 11, 13, much has been written, but perhaps not very conclusively. Let us endeavour to analyze it. It will be seen by turning to the lexicons, that is the form of the Imperative in Kal: which, according to our system, will give, for the primitive Segolate noun. Here, then, we have nothing more than a Segolate noun, conjugated with the pronoun, which in the first person will regularly be ıh, and, by rejecting the Khōlém (as in the Segolates, Art. 152. 3.), and retaining the correspondent substitute of Shěvá, in order to preserve the form, we shall have, which, with the interrogative prefixed (Art. 179.), we shall have am I a leaving? i. e. shall I leave? According to this analysis, therefore, this word belongs not to the fifth, but to the first species, conjugated with the abstract, instead of the concrete, noun, which is unusual. : דן 5. In another instance, viz. ' I have polluted, Is. lxiii. 3, we have the augmented verbal noun commencing with N instead of : i. e. the form usually taken in the Chaldee and Syriac (Art. 157. 2., 158. 6. Again, we have in Amos iv. 3, usual but more regular way of writing the feminine of the preterite tense: i. e. (Art. 188. 27.), ye have cast. we have n, which is an unsecond person plural s, usually ײן ד In Isaiah, chap. xix. 6, they shall abhor, with two letters of augmentation, and ; but here, is perhaps the ground-form. 7. In the present tense we also have the form 77; and in both, the characteristic is frequently omitted. With the paragogic, however, is always added: as, I will cast, Neh. xiii. 8. With (-); as, IPN he may believe, Job xv. 31. And by a further contraction, he will give confidence, 2 Kings xviii. 30, as, they arrived at, 1 Sam. xxxi. 2; 7 they bend, tread, or direct, as a bow, Jer. ix. 2. Where the primitive form seems to have been taken instead of the usual one of the measure . אַנְסִיף for) אוֹסִיף I will collect, 1 Sam. xv. 6, is put for אסף . Artt. 72., 87.1.), root" or ". So, I will ruin, Jer. xlvi. 8 (for TÍN Ib. for 7), root 727, Arabic, cognate with . אָבַד 10. is sometimes rejected together with the characteristic, to facilitate the pronunciation perhaps : as, I will hear, Job xxxii. 11 (for NS Art. 72.). So, I will destroy them, Jer. viii. 13, for D'ON; he shall pitch a tent, for, Is. xiii. 20; he tarries, 2 Sam. xx. 5, is perhaps for the passive form, for! (Art. 73.); and, as the quiescence of N after Kāméts Khātúf is rather unusual in Hebrew, the may have been taken to avoid this. The final () is probably euphonic, and taken on account of the guttural, as in other cases. 11. Some are of opinion, that 27 1 Sam. xv. 5, is put for by omitting the , as above, by Art. 73. 12. In the Imperative we may have a paragogic, which will then, as before (No. 7.), take the characteristic: as, n prosper thou, Neh. i. 11. 13. Whenever the second or third radical letter is either a guttural or, the terminating vowel will be (-): as, cause to come down, Joel iv. 11; remove far away, Job xiii. 21; , margin make straight, Ps. v. 9. 14. In the Infinitive or abstract verbal noun, the characteristic has (-) for the most part: as, cutting off, Jer. xliv. 8; commemorating, 2 Sam. xviii. 18. particles contained in the word When any one of the is prefixed, this form is always adopted; when this is not the case, we may have, or ,setting up הַעֲמִיד ; 13 .rising early, Jer. vii הַשְׁכֵּם,as : הַפְקִיד 15. When either the second or third letter is a guttural, or 7, we then have (-) for the final vowel, as before: as, resisting, 1 Sam. xv. 23; your bringing to recollection, Ezek. xxi. 29. 16. In many instances, we have the first vowel of the Infinitive the same with that of the Preterite tense: as, giving rest; .saving, Is הִצִיל ; liberating הִמְלִיט : 34 .1 .shaking, Jer הִרְגִיז xxxi. 5. 17. 1 Sam. ii. 33, is probably put for '? (Art. 73.), derived from the root; he punished. Whence correction, punishment. See Eichhorn's edition of the Lexicon of Simonis, sub voce TN. On the Objective Voice, HоPHḤAL. or 18. This voice is grounded on nouns of the form of 777 (Art. 157. 10.). And here, as in the Pūḥál, the agent never appears; and hence, both are called by the Hebrew Grammarians, as are also those corresponding to them in Arabic by the Arabians, Conjugations the agents of which are not named.* 19. Kibbúts occasionally accompanies, instead of (+) Khātúph; as, thrown down, Ezek. xxxii. 32; cast down, Dan. viii. 11. T ITT: IT 20. When the first radical letter happens to be a guttural, (τ:) occupies the place of Shěvá: as, she is laid waste, Ezek. xxvi. 2, where the Kāméts Khātúph becomes a perfect vowel, and remains under the characteristic 7, by analogy (see Art. 55.). 21. The participial nouns frequently occur with (~) instead of (+) Khātúph: as, laid down, 2 Kings iv. 32. So in the feminine, cast down, 1 Kings xiii. 25. In one instance, the characteristic is retained, as is often the case in the Chaldee : as, ni? (for niys) made angular, Ezek. xlvi. 22. But, when the first radical is a guttural, it will take (T:), as before: e. g. Tset up, 1 Kings xxii. 35: D contained, held, 2 Chron. IT T: IT T: IT ITT: IT ix. 18; ni wasted, Ezek. xxix. 12. So (who is) forbidden, Exod. xxii. 19. Here also Kāméts Khātúph is equivalent to i. • Heb. by P, Arab. lede punto de صيغة ما لم يسم The reason of this seems to be, that, as the nominative is included in the verb, and, as in these passive conjugations, this nominative is not the agent, but the patient on which the influence of the verb is exerted, if any other word were added as a nominative, (which would then be in apposition with the pronoun so included,) it would not represent the agent, but the patient; and further, it is unusual in the Shemitic dialects to use a periphrasis; as, Judah was killed by Simeon; for then it would be shorter to say, Simeon killed Judah; the Grammarians, therefore, have laid down this apparent omission as a rule, although some instances are to be found to the contrary. |