Share of cooking things, iron pots, kettles, &c. Five days of jerked meat, at 3 lbs. a day (on an average) (These are not properly" articles of consumption," as they have to be carried in reserve whatever the length of the journey may be.) ARTICLES OF CONSUMPTION, CALCULATED FOR A SIX MONTHS' JOURNEY, FOR EACH WHITE MAN Tea and coffee, 9 lbs. ; tobacco, 6 lbs. ; salt, 6 lbs. ; pepper, 1 lb. White sugar, 2 lbs. ; arrowroot, 1 lb.; dried onions, &c., 3 lb. (Or at the rate of 8 lbs. per month.) lbs. 22 6 9 49 ARTICLES OF CONSUMPTION, CALCULATED FOR SIX MONTHS, FOR EACH BLACK MAN Tobacco, 6 lbs. ; salt, pepper, &c., 5 lbs. 11 Presents which will have to be made him from time to time (Or at the rate of 3 lbs. per month.) 17 INSTRUMENTS FOR TAKING OBSERVATIONS AND DRAWING UP A MAP. It will add greatly to the interest which a traveller may take in drawing up a large and graphic route map of his journey, to be assured of the extreme ease and cheapness with which copies of such a map may be multiplied to any extent by a well-known process in lithography; since these being available for distribution among persons interested in the matter, will prevent his painstaking from being lost to the world. The method I refer to is that of autographic ink and paper; it can be obtained with full instructions at any lithographer's shop. The paper is prepared by being glazed over with a composition, and the ink is in appearance something like Indian ink, and used in much the same way. With a pen and this ink, and upon this paper, the traveller draws his map; they are neither more nor less difficult to employ than common stationery, and he may avail himself of tracingpaper without danger. He has one single precaution to guard against, which is not to touch the paper overmuch with his bare hand, but to keep a bit of loose paper between it and the map as he draws. As soon as finished, the map is taken to the lithographer, who puts it face downwards on a stone, and passes it under his press, when every particle of ink leaves the surface of the paper, and attaches itself to the surface of the stone precisely as though it had originally been written there: the glaze on the paper, which prevents the ink from soaking into it, makes this transference more easy and complete. The stone can now be worked with, just as a stone that has been regularly lithographed; that is to say, printing-ink may be rubbed over it, and impressions taken off to any amount. It will be observed that the writing on the paper comes off reversed upon the stone, and is re-reversed, or set right again, in the impressions that are taken from it. The lithographer's charges for furnishing autographic ink and paper, working the stone, striking off fifty copies of a folio size, and supplying the paper (common white paper) for the copies-in fact, every expense included-need not exceed ten shillings, and may be much less. If, before drawing out his map, the traveller were to go to some working lithographer, and witness the process, and make two or three experiments on a small scale, he would naturally succeed all the better. A map drawn on a large scale, though without any pretension to artistic skill, with abundance of profile views of prominent landmarks, and copious information upon the routes that were explored, written along their sides, would be of the utmost value to future travellers, and to geographers at home. I reprint here part of a short paper that I have communicated to the Royal Geographical Society, and which will be found at the end of their volume for 1854. In addition to it, communications are also published there from Lieutenant Raper, Captain Fitzroy, Admiral Smith, Captain Beechey, and Colonel Sykes; the whole being collected under the title of "Hints to Travellers." My own object was to suggest a complete and efficient outfit of simple instruments to explorers; to which end I gave the following list: A SEXTANT— LIST OF INSTRUMENTS. A sextant of five-inch radius, light in weight, by a first-rate maker, divided clearly, and on platinum, to quarter degrees. It must have a ground-glass screen fixed in front of the reading-off lens, to tone down a glaring light, and a coloured glass to screw on to the telescope for index error purposes, in addition to the coloured shades. The handle must be adapted for fixing on the telescope stand. (It is recommended by Captain Beechey that the traveller's sextant should be on a plan which will measure accurately any angle, and that its telescope should have a horizontal line in its focus, and be fitted with a spirit-level, after the manner of levelling instruments; for when so fitted and screwed to a stand, altitudes of hills, and of stars when low, may be observed with it.) A SEXTANT— A sextant of three-inch radius, graduated boldly to half degrees, in a leather case, like that of an azimuth compass, suitable for slipping on to a leather belt and being worn round the waist, if required.— Reserve, a second five-inch sextant, or other angular instrument of whatever kind the traveller may wish to take. ARTIFICIAL HORIZON The trough must not be less than 3 inches, inside length; it must be of the usual construction for filtering the mercury when it is poured in. The glass screen must be a folding one, and by a first-rate maker. Reserve, one spare glass and a strong two-ounce glass bottle full of mercury, wrapped up loosely in a roll of clothes, and well tied up and labelled. (The trough should rest on a metal plate, the size of a thin octavo book, with three knobs of an inch long for legs; this gives a steady rest when the ground is uneven, and raises it above the grass, &c. Dark or inky water will do nearly as well as mercury.-Report of SubCommittee.) WATCH A common, strong, silver watch, not too heavy, with an open face and a second-hand; it must wind up at the back. The hands should be black steel, not gilt, and they and all the divisions should be very clear and distinct. The performance of the watch is really a very secondary matter. 47. is quite enough to give for it.-Reserve, at |