14. Syllables.

1. A Syllable may be composed,

1. Of a vowel, digraph, or trigraph; as, o-men, ou-ranography, eau-de-cologne.

2. Of a vowel or diphthong, with one or more consonants prefixed or affixed; as, l-o, b-oy, a-m, a-nd.

3. Of a vowel or diphthong, with one or more consonants prefixed and affixed; as, b-a-d, fr-a-nk.

2. A vowel sound is an essential part of a syllable. 3. Synthesis is the process of combining elementary sounds.

4. Analysis is the process of separating a syllable or word into its elementary sounds.

15. Models for Analyzing Syllables.

Model I.

Lo.-Give both sounds in quick succession, L-o, and pronounce the word.

Model II.

Lo is a syllable, containing two elementary sounds.

L

...

is a consonant-subvocal-lingual. (Give its sound.)
is a vowel, long sound. (Give its sound.)

Model III.

Clank. Give the five sounds in quick succession, c-l-a-n-k, and pronounce the word.

Model IV.

Clank is a syllable, containing five elementary sounds.

is a consonant-aspirate-palatal, substitute for k. (Give its sound.)

is a consonant-subvocal-lingual. (Give its sound.)

C

1

a

is a vowel, short sound. (Give its sound.)

n

k....

is a consonant-subvocal-palatal-nasal, substitute for ng. (Give its sound.)

is a consonant-aspirate-palatal. (Give its sound.)

Model V.

Boy. Give the three sounds in quick succession, b-a-i, and pronounce the word.

Model VI.

Boy.. is a syllable, containing three elementary sounds.
B.... is a consonant-subvocal-labial. (Give its sound.)

oy... is a diphthong, representing a broad, and i short. (Give the sound of each in quick succession.)

Model VII.

View.-Give the two sounds in quick succession, v-u, and pronounce the word.

Model VIII.

View. is a syllable, containing two elementary sounds. v... . is a consonant-subvocal-labial. (Give its sound.)

iew . is a trigraph, equivalent to u long. (Give its sound.)

..

Note.-Either set of models may be used in analyzing syllables. The models for complete analysis need not be used after the classification of elementary sounds shall have been thoroughly learned.

Analyze the following words, omitting all silent letters:

And, fly, warm, elm, fin, sing, wax, when, sue, light, pot, home, zinc, valve, kid, ask, sun, goat, jolt.

Form syllables by prefixing a consonant to a, ay, eau, oy;

By prefixing two or more consonants to e, oo, aw, i;

By affixing one, two, or more consonants to any of the vowels or diphthongs.

16. Words.

1. A Word may consist of one, two, or more syllables.

A word of one syllable is called a monosyllable; as, care, man. A word of two syllables is called a dissyllable; as, care-ful, man-ly.

A word of three syllables is called a trísyllable; as, care-fulness, man-li-ness.

A word of four or more syllables is called a polysyllable; as, com-mu-ni-ty, ec-cen-tric-i-ty.

2. Accent is a stress of voice placed upon a particular syllable. It may be either primary or secondary, the primary being the more forcible.

3. Every word of more than one syllable has one of its syllables accented.

4. In words having both a primary and a secondary accent, the secondary occurs nearest the beginning; as, in"compatibility, in" comprehen'sible.

Tree.
Nature

17. Models for Analyzing Words.

is a word of one syllable: therefore a monosyllable.
is a word of two syllables: therefore a dissyllable. It
is accented on the first syllable.

Commotion. is a word of three syllables: therefore a trisyllable.
It is accented on the second syllable.

Indefatigable is a word of six syllables: therefore a polysyllable. Its secondary accent is on the first syllable, and its primary accent on the third.

Note.—A word having been analyzed according to one of these models, analyze each syllable according to the preceding models. In separating a word into syllables, divide it as it is pronounced. In writing, never divide a syllable at the end of a line. Each line should end with a word or an entire syllable.

Analyze the following words:

Sand, lead, sack; unction, famous, greatly; endeavor, infamous, candidly; unpopular, information, gratuitous; domestication, interrogation, incredulity; incomprehensible, indefensibleness; incompatibility, incompassionately.

Write each of these words on your slates, and divide them into syllables, marking the accented syllables.

Correct the accent in the following words:

Advertisement, prima'ry, contraʼry, legislature, lamentable, secondaʼry, infamous, armis'tice, admi'rable, interest ́ing.

Change the accent of the following words to the second syllable, and give the meaning of each word before and after the change:

In ́sult, fer ́ment, reb ́el, rec ́ord, prelude, con'jure, enʼtrance, es'cort, increase, in'valid, ob'ject, in'cense, es'say.

18. Classes.

1. Words are either Primitive or Derivative.

2. A Primitive or Radical word is one in no way derived from another in the same language; as, mind, faith.

3. A Derivative word is one formed by joining to a primitive some letter or syllable to modify its meaning; as, re-mind, faith-ful.

4. A Compound word is one formed by uniting two or more primitive or derivative words; as, man-worship, Anglo-Saxon.

5. A Prefix is that part of a derivative word which is placed before the radical; as, re-call, sub-join.

6. A Suffix is that part of a derivative word which is placed after the radical; as, faith-ful, change-able.

7. Prefixes and suffixes are called Affixes.

Note.—The meaning and use of affixes should be learned from some work prepared for that purpose.-See De Wolf's Instructivi Speller and Hand-Book of Derivative Words.

PART II.

ETYMOLOGY.

19. Definitions.

1. Etymology treats of the classification, derivation, and properties of words.

2. With reference to meaning and use, words are divided into nine classes, called Parts of Speech; viz., Noun, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Participle, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection.

3. A Noun is a name; as, house, Charlotte, magnetism.

4. An Adjective is a word used to describe or define the meaning of a noun; as, fine houses; studious pupils; animal magnetism.

5. A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun; as, his house; my book; your children; "Whom did you see?”

6. A Verb is a word which expresses being, action, or state; as, I am; George writes; the house stands.

7. A Participle is a word derived from a verb, partaking of the properties of a verb and of an adjective or a noun; as, "A light, shining from afar;" "A letter, written in haste."

8. An Adverb is a word used to modify the meaning of a verb, adjective, participle, or an advert; as, "He runs swiftly;" "You are very kind;" "The letter was written hastily."