Caution III.-Avoid the improper omission of modifiers and connectives in expressing a succession of particulars.

Ex.—1. We are in need of food, fuel, and of clothing. 2. He is the most zealous, most sanguine, and energetic man I ever knew. 3. In pain, trouble, and in sorrow, he wrote the treatise. 4. The country is full of idlers, swindlers, and of spendthrifts. 5. Farmers and mechanics, lawyers, doctors, and miners, are flocking to this new territory.

Caution IV.-Do not omit the subjects of declarative sentences, whether principal or subordinate.

Ex.-1. Hope to see you soon. 2. Sorry to hear you have been so unfortunate. 3. They knew what was best to do. 4. It is a long road has no turning. 5. After a long night's rest, rose much refreshed. 6. It was he discouraged the undertaking. 7. That there were any were dissatisfied I do not believe.

Caution V.-Avoid the improper omission of pronominals in making comparisons.

Ex.-1. Jacob loved Joseph more than all his children. 2. No one is so kind to me as he. 3. John thinks he is smarter than any body. 4. He owns more land than any man in the county. 5. No country is so cold as Greenland. 6. There is no land so fertile anywhere.

224. Improper Arrangement.

Caution I.-Modifying words, phrases, and clauses should be placed as near as may be to the parts which they modify.

Rem.-Adverbs and adjectives generally precede the words which they modify; but there are so many exceptions to this arrangement, that it can not be regarded as a general rule. In fact, no general rule for the position of modifiers can be given to which there are no exceptions. That position is always the best which conveys the meaning with the most precision.

H. G. 18.

Ex. SINGLE WORDS.-1. He was overcome totally by the sad intelligence. 2. Carefully scrutinize the sentiments contained in the books you read. 3. We always are controlled by circumstances. 4. I only saw him once. 5. Ice only forms during cold weather.

6. Theism can only be opposed by polytheism. 7. Only you have I known of all the nations of the earth. 8. Not only he found her employed, but pleased and tranquil also. 9. He read the book only, but did not return it. 10. I would prefer being hung a thousand times.

11. They called together their friends. 12. The officers arrested also the saloon keeper. 13. It is impossible constantly to study. 14. They were nearly dressed alike. 15. He chiefly spoke of himself, not of his employers.

16. By doing the same thing, it often becomes habitual. 17. The necessity of some new method has been felt long. 18. He was pleasing not often because he was vain. 19. The good man not only deserves the respect but the love of his fellow beings. 20. He is considered generally insane.

21. It is a general time of health. 22. Edward has a new pair of boots. 23. We have a young yoke of oxen, 24. All homes are not such as these. 25. You will hardly find such another man. 26. We have just received a fresh supply of fish.

27. The settler here the savage slew. 28. The advocate the court addressed. 29. The Divine Being heapeth favors on his servants, ever liberal and faithful. 30. An old, venerable, tall man just then broke in upon the circle. 31. Sing the four first verses of the hymn just read.

PHRASES.-1. The witness had been ordered to withdraw from the bar, in consequence of being intoxicated, by the motion of an honorable member. 2. Wanted, a young man to take care of some horses of a religious turn of mind. 3. Notice.-A lecture on theatergoing at eleven o'clock.

4. He went to town, and drove a flock of sheep, on horseback. 5. Study to unite with firmness gentle manners. 6. All anxiety about the issue divest yourselves of. 7. Hunting is a pastime many are very fond of. 8. These lines were written by a young man who has lain in his grave twelve years, for his own amusement.

9. We should carefully examine into, and candidly pass judgment on, our faults. 10. A good man may go beyond the evenness

of a wise Christian, in a sudden anger. 11. Reason is a ray, darted into the soul, of divinity.

12. The skin is closely allied to horny matter in its composition. 13. From the foregoing considerations, it will be seen that the influence of air is all-controlling over the human constitution. 14. Laughter, by the aid of phonetics, is easily taught as an art.

CLAUSES.-1. We must endure the follies of others, who will have their kindness. 2. He needs no spectacles that can not see, nor boots that can not walk. 3. From a habit of saving time and paper, which they acquired at the university, many write in so diminutive a manner, with such frequent blots and interlineations, that they are hardly able to go on without perpetual hesitation or extemporary expletives. 4. It is true what he says, but it is not applicable to the point. 5. These are the general's orders, who must be obeyed.

6. Mr. French needs a surgeon, who has broken his arm. 7. The figs were in small wooden boxes, which we ate. 8. Found, a silver fruit-knife, by a child, which has a broken back. 9. For sale, a cottage containing eight rooms, located in a respectable neighborhood, which has double parlors and a detached office.

Caution II.-Avoid any choice or arrangement of words subversive of clearness, precision, and elegance.

Rem. 1.—Looseness and vagueness of style should be guarded against with the greatest care. Hence, inversions, though allowable for rhetorical effect, should be avoided whenever they pervert or obscure the meaning.

Ex.-1. Nature mixes the elements variously and curiously sometimes, it is true. 2. They have the property of receiving rays of one refrangibility, and emitting them at a lower one. 3. They were persons of very moderate intellects, even before they were impaired by their passions. 4. He neither cares for you nor me. 5. Adversity both taught you to think and to reason.

6. The young now have many advantages which our forefathers were deprived of. 7. From what I have said, you will perceive readily the subject I am to proceed upon. 8. Having not known, or having not considered the subject, he declined expressing any opinion. 9. Cook the potatoes with their jackets, as I call them, on.

Rem. 2.-The leading proposition, in a contracted compound sentence, should generally be expressed fully. The parts con

tracted by ellipsis should be joined to the leading proposition, and to each other, by appropriate connectives.

Ex.-1. He is older, but not so influential, as his brother. [He is older than his brother, but not so influential.] 2. It is larger, but inferior to the other. 3. The camel has as much strength, and more endurance, than the horse. 4. I would rather spend the summer in traveling as in working.

5. He deemed himself, and meant to be, an honest man. 6. You can and ought to be more charitable. 7. The route has or will soon be surveyed. 8. It is our duty to protect this government and that flag from every assailant.

225. Miscellaneous Exercises.

1. If the mean temperature is low, it will require more days to ripen than if it were high. 2. We have done no more than it was our duty to have done. 3. I saw a white and brown bear at the menagerie. 4. The pleasures of the understanding are more preferable than those of the senses.

5. He is engaged in a monograph of the Carices. 6. It is difficult for him to speak three sentences together. 7. We have seen how fluids rise in tubes by wetting their sides. 8. I had hoped to have seen you ere this. 9. He is a man too vain to be proud. 10. He used to use many expressions not usually used, and which good usage will not permit one to use.

11. I could see that the desks had been scratched, with half an eye. 12. I seen the horse run away just as I come down street. 13. She married my uncle's first wife's brother. 14. They have heard from their cousins, they who live in Iowa. much further north than us.

15. They are

17. Whether

16. Charlotte seldom or ever comes to see us now. or no this is the man which committed the burglary is uncertain. 18. The time of John reciting his lesson is arrived. 19. The ungrateful man has forsook his friends. 20. I will show you another and a better way. 21. It's now most time for dinner. 22. The tree beareth fruit after his kind.

23. This style of architecture prevailed during the tenth and eleventh century. 24. His servants ye are to whom ye obey. 25. Having did the work satisfactorily, he is entitled to his pay. 26. Both minister and magistrate is compelled sometimes to choose

between his duty and reputation. 27. They are them strangers who come here yesterday. 28. You need not scarce mention it. 29. He is a better farmer than a lawyer.

30. John locked the door, and put the key in his pocket. 31. Some men prefer cold to warm weather, but I differ with them. 32. In learning of this lesson, study carefully the third and fourth section. 33. Come quick. 34. He did the work prompt. 35. I was almost froze when we arrove there.

36. Let each esteem the other better than themselves. 37. I found an empty old pocket-book this morning. 38. The posthumous volumes appeared in considerable intervals. 39. He is not only lazy, but improvident also. 40. I am resolved to try and accomplish the difficult undertaking. 41. There are certain miseries in idleness which the idle can only conceive.

42. The orator had just began, when the hissing commenced. 43. As time advances, it leaves behind him the traces of its flight. 44. Neither wealth nor honor confers happiness on their votaries. 45. He was purposed that he would not lie. 46. Hard work is not congenial with his disposition.

47. They wanted for the necessaries of life. 48. There are millions of people in China whose support is derived almost entirely from rice. 49. Thinks I to myself, symptoms. 50. So, says he, you are not going to pay me, are you? 51. The trial of these men take place to-morrow.

52. The public is requested to attend for their own benefit. 53. Nearly a thousand head of cattle was transported over this road yesterday. 54. Three cheers for our flag-the red, the white, and the blue. 55. Multiply each figure in the multiplier on to each figure in the multiplicand. 56. Take and add the subtrahend and remainder together.

57. He belongs to the very selectest circle in the city. 58. That report was very universally believed. 59. He took two spoonsful of laudanum. 60. He gave me three double handsful of cherries. 61. Deceiving is much the same thing as to lie. 62. I never have and never shall desert from my party: I allers votes the straight ticket. 63. I forgit the man's name; but he's the reverendest looking person I ever see.

64. Will you be to home this evening? too deep water, you shall be drownded. St. Petersburg was situated so fur north.

65. If you will go into 66. I did not think that 67. He can not lay still